Download or read book Enabling Non Volatile Memory for Data intensive Applications written by Xiao Liu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emerging Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies are reforming the computer architecture. NVM holds advantages includes a byte-addressable interface, low latency, high capacity, and in-memory computing capability. However, data-intensive applications today demand compound features rather than just better performance. For instance, big data applications would require high availability and reliability. The neural network applications require scalability and power efficiency. Despite all the advantages of NVM, simply attaching the NVM to the memory hierarchy are unable to meet these demands. The decoupled reliability schemes among NVM and other devices fail to provide sufficient reliability. The vulnerability against overheating and hardware underutilization limit the performance and scalability of the in-memory computing NVM.Using the NVM for the data-intensive application requires redesign and customization. In this thesis, we focus on discussing the architecture designs that enable NVM for data-intensive applications. Our study includes two major types of data-intensive applications--big data applications and neural network applications. We first conduct a characteristic study against the persistent memory applications. Persistent memory implements over the NVM-based main memory and guarantees crash consistency. We explore the performance interaction across applications, persistent memory system software, and hardware components. Based on our characterization results, we provide a set of implications and recommendations for optimizing persistent memory designs. Second, we propose Binary Star for the generic data-intensive applications, which coordinates the reliability schemes and consistent cache writeback between 3D-stacked DRAM last-level cache and NVM main memory to maintain the reliability of the memory hierarchy. Binary Star significantly reduces the performance and storage overhead of consistent cache writeback by coordinating it with NVM wear leveling. For neural network applications, our first design explores the thermal effect over one representative NVM--resistive memory (RRAM). We find heat-induced interference decreases the computational accuracy in the RRAM-based neural network accelerator. We propose HR3AM, a heat resilience design, which improves accuracy and optimizes the thermal distribution. Results show that HR3AM improves classification accuracy and decreases both the maximum and average chip temperatures. Lastly, we present Mirage to improve parallelism and flexibility for pipeline-enabled RRAM-based accelerators. Mirage is a hardware/software co-design that addresses the data dependencies and inflexibility issues of existing accelerators. Our evaluation shows that Mirage achieves low inference latency and high throughput compared to state-of-the-art RRAM-based accelerators.

Download or read book Non Volatile Memory Database Management Systems written by Joy Arulraj and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the implications of non-volatile memory (NVM) for database management systems (DBMSs). The advent of NVM will fundamentally change the dichotomy between volatile memory and durable storage in DBMSs. These new NVM devices are almost as fast as volatile memory, but all writes to them are persistent even after power loss. Existing DBMSs are unable to take full advantage of this technology because their internal architectures are predicated on the assumption that memory is volatile. With NVM, many of the components of legacy DBMSs are unnecessary and will degrade the performance of data-intensive applications. We present the design and implementation of DBMS architectures that are explicitly tailored for NVM. The book focuses on three aspects of a DBMS: (1) logging and recovery, (2) storage and buffer management, and (3) indexing. First, we present a logging and recovery protocol that enables the DBMS to support near-instantaneous recovery. Second, we propose a storage engine architecture and buffer management policy that leverages the durability and byte-addressability properties of NVM to reduce data duplication and data migration. Third, the book presents the design of a range index tailored for NVM that is latch-free yet simple to implement. All together, the work described in this book illustrates that rethinking the fundamental algorithms and data structures employed in a DBMS for NVM improves performance and availability, reduces operational cost, and simplifies software development.

Download or read book Emerging Memory Technologies written by Yuan Xie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the design implications of emerging, non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies on future computer memory hierarchy architecture designs. Since NVM technologies combine the speed of SRAM, the density of DRAM, and the non-volatility of Flash memory, they are very attractive as the basis for future universal memories. This book provides a holistic perspective on the topic, covering modeling, design, architecture and applications. The practical information included in this book will enable designers to exploit emerging memory technologies to improve significantly the performance/power/reliability of future, mainstream integrated circuits.

Download or read book Photo Electroactive Non Volatile Memories for Data Storage and Neuromorphic Computing written by Suting Han and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photo-Electroactive Non-Volatile Memories for Data Storage and Neuromorphic Computing summarizes advances in the development of photo-electroactive memories and neuromorphic computing systems, suggests possible solutions to the challenges of device design, and evaluates the prospects for commercial applications. Sections covers developments in electro-photoactive memory, and photonic neuromorphic and in-memory computing, including discussions on design concepts, operation principles and basic storage mechanism of optoelectronic memory devices, potential materials from organic molecules, semiconductor quantum dots to two-dimensional materials with desirable electrical and optical properties, device challenges, and possible strategies. This comprehensive, accessible and up-to-date book will be of particular interest to graduate students and researchers in solid-state electronics. It is an invaluable systematic introduction to the memory characteristics, operation principles and storage mechanisms of the latest reported electro-photoactive memory devices. Reviews the most promising materials to enable emerging computing memory and data storage devices, including one- and two-dimensional materials, metal oxides, semiconductors, organic materials, and more Discusses fundamental mechanisms and design strategies for two- and three-terminal device structures Addresses device challenges and strategies to enable translation of optical and optoelectronic technologies

Download or read book Stacked 3D and Processing in memory Solutions for Data intensive and Persistent Applications written by Akshay Krishna Ramanathan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the dominance of data-intensive workloads and applications, the current von-Neumann-based architectures suffer from memory bandwidth problems, popularly known as the "memory wall". In order to alleviate the problem of memory bandwidth, processing-in-memory (PiM) has gained a lot of attention in recent years. In the PiM architectures, the compute logics are moved closer to or within the memory where the data resides, enabling the PiM architectures to exploit the high internal bandwidth of the memories. This dissertation explores the opportunities provided by the recent advancements in-memory technologies to design highly efficient PiM architectures for mainly deep-learning, database, and persistence applications. The first work in this dissertation presents a novel 3D-SRAM circuit design using a Monolithic 3D Integration process (M3D) for realizing beyond-Boolean in-memory compare operation without any area overheads compared to the standard 6T-SRAM. We also showcase measurement results from the fabricated PiM macro with the same circuit design for performing massively parallel compare operation used in the database, machine learning, and scientific applications. The proposed PiM technique supports operations like data filtering, sorting, and index handling of sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM). The second work presents a Look-Up Table (LUT) based PiM technique for conventional SRAM memory technology (i.e., single layer) with the potential for running Neural Network inference tasks. We implement a bitline computing free technique to avoid frequent bitline accesses to the cache sub-arrays and thereby considerably reducing the memory access energy overhead. Our proposed LUT-based PiM methodology exploits substantial parallelism using look-up tables, which do not alter the memory structure/organization. This methodology showcases a PiM architecture for current memory technologies with minimal changes to the monolithic custom memory blocks. The third work deals with crash consistency for critical applications like financial trading, cyber threat analysis, IoT, etc. At present, non-volatile memory technologies promise the opportunity for maintaining persistent data in memory. However, providing crash consistency in such systems can be costly as any update to the persistent data has to reach the persistent hard drive in a specific order, imposing a high overhead. In this work, we propose an architecture design that employs a hybrid volatile, non-volatile memory cell employing M3D and Ferroelectric technology in the L1 data cache to guarantee crash consistency with almost no performance overhead. Memory technologies like high bandwidth memory (HBM), and solid-state drives (SSD) make use of parallel-3D integration process to stack memory layers in order to increase the density per mm2. The final work presents cost-effective potential N-layer logic designs realized by the same process. This work discusses the stricter rules and constraints enforced by the fabrication process when designing N-layer designs and then explores different adder designs.

Download or read book NIC Symposium 2014 Proceedings written by K. Binder, and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Designing Data Intensive Applications written by Martin Kleppmann and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data is at the center of many challenges in system design today. Difficult issues need to be figured out, such as scalability, consistency, reliability, efficiency, and maintainability. In addition, we have an overwhelming variety of tools, including relational databases, NoSQL datastores, stream or batch processors, and message brokers. What are the right choices for your application? How do you make sense of all these buzzwords? In this practical and comprehensive guide, author Martin Kleppmann helps you navigate this diverse landscape by examining the pros and cons of various technologies for processing and storing data. Software keeps changing, but the fundamental principles remain the same. With this book, software engineers and architects will learn how to apply those ideas in practice, and how to make full use of data in modern applications. Peer under the hood of the systems you already use, and learn how to use and operate them more effectively Make informed decisions by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of different tools Navigate the trade-offs around consistency, scalability, fault tolerance, and complexity Understand the distributed systems research upon which modern databases are built Peek behind the scenes of major online services, and learn from their architectures

Download or read book Mastering Data Storage and Processing written by Cybellium Ltd and published by Cybellium Ltd. This book was released on with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlock the Power of Effective Data Storage and Processing with "Mastering Data Storage and Processing" In today's data-driven world, the ability to store, manage, and process data effectively is the cornerstone of success. "Mastering Data Storage and Processing" is your definitive guide to mastering the art of seamlessly managing and processing data for optimal performance and insights. Whether you're an experienced data professional or a newcomer to the realm of data management, this book equips you with the knowledge and skills needed to navigate the intricacies of modern data storage and processing. About the Book: "Mastering Data Storage and Processing" takes you on an enlightening journey through the intricacies of data storage and processing, from foundational concepts to advanced techniques. From storage systems to data pipelines, this book covers it all. Each chapter is meticulously designed to provide both a deep understanding of the concepts and practical applications in real-world scenarios. Key Features: · Foundational Principles: Build a strong foundation by understanding the core principles of data storage technologies, file systems, and data processing paradigms. · Storage Systems: Explore a range of data storage systems, from relational databases and NoSQL databases to cloud-based storage solutions, understanding their strengths and applications. · Data Modeling and Design: Learn how to design effective data schemas, optimize storage structures, and establish relationships for efficient data organization. · Data Processing Paradigms: Dive into various data processing paradigms, including batch processing, stream processing, and real-time analytics, for extracting valuable insights. · Big Data Technologies: Master the essentials of big data technologies such as Hadoop, Spark, and distributed computing frameworks for processing massive datasets. · Data Pipelines: Understand the design and implementation of data pipelines for data ingestion, transformation, and loading, ensuring seamless data flow. · Scalability and Performance: Discover strategies for optimizing data storage and processing systems for scalability, fault tolerance, and high performance. · Real-World Use Cases: Gain insights from real-world examples across industries, from finance and healthcare to e-commerce and beyond. · Data Security and Privacy: Explore best practices for data security, encryption, access control, and compliance to protect sensitive information. Who This Book Is For: "Mastering Data Storage and Processing" is designed for data engineers, developers, analysts, and anyone passionate about effective data management. Whether you're aiming to enhance your skills or embark on a journey toward becoming a data management expert, this book provides the insights and tools to navigate the complexities of data storage and processing. © 2023 Cybellium Ltd. All rights reserved. www.cybellium.com

Download or read book In Near Memory Computing written by Daichi Fujiki and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a structured introduction of the key concepts and techniques that enable in-/near-memory computing. For decades, processing-in-memory or near-memory computing has been attracting growing interest due to its potential to break the memory wall. Near-memory computing moves compute logic near the memory, and thereby reduces data movement. Recent work has also shown that certain memories can morph themselves into compute units by exploiting the physical properties of the memory cells, enabling in-situ computing in the memory array. While in- and near-memory computing can circumvent overheads related to data movement, it comes at the cost of restricted flexibility of data representation and computation, design challenges of compute capable memories, and difficulty in system and software integration. Therefore, wide deployment of in-/near-memory computing cannot be accomplished without techniques that enable efficient mapping of data-intensive applications to such devices, without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs excessively. This book describes various memory substrates amenable to in- and near-memory computing, architectural approaches for designing efficient and reliable computing devices, and opportunities for in-/near-memory acceleration of different classes of applications.

Download or read book Sensing of Non Volatile Memory Demystified written by Swaroop Ghosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-10 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to the latest advances in sensing technology for a broad range of non-volatile memories (NVMs). Challenges across the memory technologies are highlighted and their solutions in mature technology are discussed, enabling innovation of sensing technologies for future NVMs. Coverage includes sensing techniques ranging from well-established NVMs such as hard disk, flash, Magnetic RAM (MRAM) to emerging NVMs such as ReRAM, STTRAM, FeRAM and Domain Wall Memory will be covered.

Download or read book In Memory Computing Hardware Accelerators for Data Intensive Applications written by Baker Mohammad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-27 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state-of-the-art of technology and research on In-Memory Computing Hardware Accelerators for Data-Intensive Applications. The authors discuss how processing-centric computing has become insufficient to meet target requirements and how Memory-centric computing may be better suited for the needs of current applications. This reveals for readers how current and emerging memory technologies are causing a shift in the computing paradigm. The authors do deep-dive discussions on volatile and non-volatile memory technologies, covering their basic memory cell structures, operations, different computational memory designs and the challenges associated with them. Specific case studies and potential applications are provided along with their current status and commercial availability in the market.

Download or read book Handbook on Data Centers written by Samee U. Khan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-16 with total page 1309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art research achievements in the field of data centers. Contributions from international, leading researchers and scholars offer topics in cloud computing, virtualization in data centers, energy efficient data centers, and next generation data center architecture. It also comprises current research trends in emerging areas, such as data security, data protection management, and network resource management in data centers. Specific attention is devoted to industry needs associated with the challenges faced by data centers, such as various power, cooling, floor space, and associated environmental health and safety issues, while still working to support growth without disrupting quality of service. The contributions cut across various IT data technology domains as a single source to discuss the interdependencies that need to be supported to enable a virtualized, next-generation, energy efficient, economical, and environmentally friendly data center. This book appeals to a broad spectrum of readers, including server, storage, networking, database, and applications analysts, administrators, and architects. It is intended for those seeking to gain a stronger grasp on data center networks: the fundamental protocol used by the applications and the network, the typical network technologies, and their design aspects. The Handbook of Data Centers is a leading reference on design and implementation for planning, implementing, and operating data center networks.

Download or read book Providing Easy to Use and Fast Programming Support for Non Volatile Memories written by Amirsaman Memaripour and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) technologies, such as 3D XPoint, offer DRAM-like performance and byte-addressable access to persistent data. NVMs promise an opportunity for fast, persistent data structures, and a wide range of applications stand to benefit from the performance potential of these technologies. These potential benefits are greatest when applications access NVM directly via load/store instructions rather than conventional file-based interfaces. Directly accessing NVM presents several challenges. In particular, applications need guaranteed consistency and safety semantics to protect their data structures in the face of system failures and programming errors. Implementing data structures that meet these requirements is challenging and error-prone. Existing methods for building persistent data structures require either in-depth code changes to an existing data structure or rewriting the data structure from scratch. Unfortunately, both of these methods are labor-intensive and error-prone. Failure-atomicity libraries and programming language extensions can simplify this task. However, all the proposed solutions either require pervasive changes to existing software or incur unacceptable overheads to runtime performance. As a result, porting legacy applications to leverage NVM is likely to be prohibitively difficult and time-consuming. This dissertation first presents Breeze, an NVM toolchain that minimizes the changes necessary to enable legacy code to reap the benefits of directly accessing NVM. In contrast to PMDK and NVM-Direct, Breeze reduces the programming effort of porting Memcached and MongoDB by up to 2.8×, while providing equal or superior performance. Second, it introduces NVHooks, a compiler that automatically annotates NVM accesses and avoids disruptive and error-prone changes to programs. NVHooks reduces the cost of these annotations by applying novel, NVM-specific optimizations to their placement. For our tested benchmarks, NVHooks matches the performance of hand-annotated code while minimizing programmer effort. Finally, it presents Pronto, a new NVM library that reduces the programming effort required to add persistence to volatile data structures. Pronto uses asynchronous semantic logging (ASL) to allow adding persistence to the existing volatile data structure (e.g., C++ Standard Template Library containers) with minor programming effort. ASL moves most durability code off the critical path. Our evaluation shows Pronto data structures outperform highly-optimized NVM data structures by a large margin.

Download or read book Multi Processor System on Chip 1 written by Liliana Andrade and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Multi-Processor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) is the key component for complex applications. These applications put huge pressure on memory, communication devices and computing units. This book, presented in two volumes – Architectures and Applications – therefore celebrates the 20th anniversary of MPSoC, an interdisciplinary forum that focuses on multi-core and multi-processor hardware and software systems. It is this interdisciplinarity which has led to MPSoC bringing together experts in these fields from around the world, over the last two decades. Multi-Processor System-on-Chip 1 covers the key components of MPSoC: processors, memory, interconnect and interfaces. It describes advance features of these components and technologies to build efficient MPSoC architectures. All the main components are detailed: use of memory and their technology, communication support and consistency, and specific processor architectures for general purposes or for dedicated applications.

Download or read book Computing with Memory for Energy Efficient Robust Systems written by Somnath Paul and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes energy and reliability as major challenges faced by designers of computing frameworks in the nanometer technology regime. The authors describe the existing solutions to address these challenges and then reveal a new reconfigurable computing platform, which leverages high-density nanoscale memory for both data storage and computation to maximize the energy-efficiency and reliability. The energy and reliability benefits of this new paradigm are illustrated and the design challenges are discussed. Various hardware and software aspects of this exciting computing paradigm are described, particularly with respect to hardware-software co-designed frameworks, where the hardware unit can be reconfigured to mimic diverse application behavior. Finally, the energy-efficiency of the paradigm described is compared with other, well-known reconfigurable computing platforms.

Download or read book Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry Environment and Society written by Sergio Saponara and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-04 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features the manuscripts accepted for the Special Issue “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Sensing Systems and Pervasive Intelligence” of the MDPI journal Sensors. Most of the papers come from a selection of the best papers of the 2019 edition of the “Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society” (APPLEPIES) Conference, which was held in November 2019. All these papers have been significantly enhanced with novel experimental results. The papers give an overview of the trends in research and development activities concerning the pervasive application of electronics in industry, the environment, and society. The focus of these papers is on cyber physical systems (CPS), with research proposals for new sensor acquisition and ADC (analog to digital converter) methods, high-speed communication systems, cybersecurity, big data management, and data processing including emerging machine learning techniques. Physical implementation aspects are discussed as well as the trade-off found between functional performance and hardware/system costs.

Download or read book Objects Data AI written by Reeshabh Choudhary and published by Reeshabh Choudhary. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about uncovering a journey of how Software programming evolved and AI based technologies came into foray. This book tries to connect the dots for a new programmer, starting on his/her journey into the software development world. With so many technologies evolving around every single day, with new breaches in innovation in the field of AI/ML or Data Science, which gets the job done in a whisker, as programmers we tend to think, where do we stand? The journey or even the thought of making sense of everything around us can be quite overwhelming. From the days of C/C++ programming to Java/C#/JavaScript and Python/MATLAB/R, programming has exponentially evolved. And so, does the computational ability of computers, which also helped in faster execution of these programs, but also to extraction of Information from the data generated via the applications developed by these programs. In this digital age, everything seems to be connected and yet we sweat making sense of all these connections. In the interconnected digital age, understanding the connections between various technologies can be challenging. The book aims to bridge some of these gaps by providing readers with a foundational understanding of how programming, data, and machine learning are interconnected. By grasping these fundamentals, software developers can connect the dots according to their specific requirements.