Download or read book Effects of Environmental Regulations on the Dairy Industry in California written by Wei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a study of the economics of the environmental regulation of agricultural and food production, with a focus on the dairy industry in California. Dairy (milk and cream) is the number-one farm commodity in California, with cash receipts of $7.68 billion in 2011, accounting for 19.4 percent of the total value of the U.S. dairy output. California is even more important as a producer of some manufactured dairy products: in 2011, California produced 34.5, 20.5, and 51.8 percent of U.S. butter, cheese, and nonfat dry milk, respectively. In this dissertation, I examine two sets of environmental regulations related to the dairy industry in California: the greenhouse gas (GHG) cap-and-trade program adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2011, and the air quality rule on confined animal facilities introduced in the San Joaquin Valley in 2006. Previous economic studies of the effects of GHG cap-and-trade programs have concentrated on the electricity sector and other carbon-intensive industries that are likely to be regulated by any GHG policy. Even though the GHG emissions of industrial sources, such as large dairy product manufacturers, may also be covered by a cap-and-trade program, the majority of carbon allowances are likely to be grandfathered to industrial sources. Consequently, most manufacturing industries will be affected by carbon pricing policies only through changes in factor prices, especially energy prices.To understand the implications of policy-induced changes in energy prices on manufacturing industries, it is important to evaluate factor demand relationships, especially between energy and other inputs, and to assess the long-run potential for energy-saving technical changes. I therefore model and measure factor demand relationships and the rate and biases of technical changes in the U.S. dairy processing and manufacturing industry. My estimates indicate that possibilities for substitution between energy and other inputs are generally limited in the U.S. dairy processing and manufacturing industry. Estimates of the cross-price elasticities indicate that capital and energy are used in fixed proportions, labor is a complement for energy, and milk and other materials are substitutes for energy. A 10% increase in the price of energy would lead to a 0.3% decrease in the demand for milk, and a 0.1% decrease in the demand for other processing materials. The estimated rate of technical change is moderate. The estimates indicate that technical change in the dairy industry has been capital-using and labor-saving. The cost share of capital has been increasing by about 1-4% per year and the cost share of labor has been decreasing by about 2% per year. For other factors--energy, milk, and other processing materials--biases of technical change are small in magnitude.The dairy industry in the United States is highly influenced by government policies. Examining the effects of environmental regulations without considering the presence of other policies may lead to erroneous results. Therefore, in analyzing the effects of carbon pricing on the dairy industry in California, I explicit model dairy policies that affect the relative prices of milk. Using a multi-market model, which reflects the linkages between dairy products in both production and consumption, I first examine analytically the influences of dairy policies on the effects of an increase in energy price on the dairy processing and manufacturing industry in California. Increases in energy prices have effect on factor demand that can be partitioned into two elements—output effect and substitution effect. Analytical results indicate that carbon pricing leads to 1) higher prices of dairy products, 2) lower energy use, and 3) lower prices of farm milk when output effect dominates the substitution effect, and vice versa. I also conduct numerical simulations with the most likely parameter values to measure the effects of carbon pricing on the dairy industry in California. Numerical results confirm most of the analytical findings and indicate that output effect is stronger than substitution effect such that the prices of milk decrease. Quantity of milk used for fluid dairy products and consumption of fluid dairy products increase in most simulated scenarios. Carbon pricing results in a diversion of milk from manufactured dairy products to less energy-intensive fluid dairy products and increases in welfare for consumers of fluid dairy products. The magnitudes of the changes in the equilibrium prices and quantities depend primarily on the elasticity of supply of milk, the own-price elasticity of demand for manufactured dairy products, and the elasticity of substitution between milk and energy in the production of manufactured dairy products. Numerical simulations indicate that the influence of dairy policies on carbon-pricing induced changes are small in magnitude. The existence of dairy policies lowers the potential welfare gains for consumers of fluid dairy products from carbon pricing.The last part of the dissertation examines the effects of Rule 4570—a local air quality regulation—on the costs of milk production for dairy farms in the San Joaquin Valley. Rule 4570 was adopted in June 2006, as an important part of the 2004 Ozone Implementation Plan of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, to reduce emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from large confined animal facilities. Applying a difference-in-differences method, I estimate the effects of Rule 4570 on the costs of producing milk. Estimates indicate that neither Rule 4570, nor the amended version of the Rule adopted in 2010, significantly affected the total costs of milk production. Estimation results imply that Rule 4570 had some negative effects on feed costs, and positive effects on hired labor costs and operating costs. Rule 4570 significantly reduced feed costs in 2008 by $0.35 per cwt of milk. In 2012, Rule 4570 increased hired labor costs by $0.23 per cwt of milk and increased operating costs by $0.25 per cwt of milk. These estimated effects of the amended Rule are equivalent to a 16% and a 10% increase in hired labor costs and operating costs for dairy farms covered by the Rule.
Download or read book Laws of California Relative to Production and Standard of Dairy Products written by California and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Costs of a Practice Based Air Quality Regulation written by Wei Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Facing the difficulty of accurately measuring pollution from agriculture, economists have recommended regulatory approaches using proxies such as management practices to reduce agricultural pollution. Using farm-level cost data on a panel of dairy farms, I estimate the effects of a practice-based air quality regulation for dairy farms in the San Joaquin Valley in California. As opposed to ex ante analyses, my econometric results indicate that the air quality regulation has not significantly affected the total costs of milk production. Estimates also suggest that the regulation might have differential effects on different elements of costs. I support the econometric findings with evidence on how dairy farms comply with the regulation. Calculated adoption rates of different pollution-mitigation practices using administrative data reveal that dairy farms have mainly adopted labor-intensive practices to comply with the regulation.
Download or read book Laws Of California Relative To Production And Standard Of Dairy Products written by California and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the laws of the state of California relating to the production and standard of dairy products. The book includes regulations on milk and cream testing, dairy farm inspections, and labeling requirements for dairy products. The laws are organized by chapter and section, and include annotations and cross-references to relevant state and federal statutes. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Dairying in California by Robert E Jones written by Robert Edmond Jones and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laws of California Relative to Production and Standard of Dairy Products Classic Reprint written by State Dairy Bureau and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Laws of California Relative to Production and Standard of Dairy Products The State Dairy Bureau was created by section 15 of the Act of 1897, which reads as follows. Sec. 15. The governor shall on or before the first day of July, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, appoint three resi dent citizens of this state, who shall have practical experience in the manufacture of dairy products, to constitute a state dairy bureau, and which shall succeed the one now in existence in every respect. Members of this bureau shall hold omoe for the period of four years from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and ninety-seven, and until their successors are appointed and qualified; provided, that the first members appointed under the provisions of this act shall at their first meeting so classify themselves by lot as that one shall go out of office at the expiration of two years, one at the expiration of three years, and the other at the expiration of four years. Any vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the governor for the unexpired term. The members of said bureau shall serve without compensa tion, and within twenty days after their appointment, shall take the oath of omoe as required by the constitution, and they shall thereupon meet and organize by electing a chair man and treasurer. Any one of them may be removed by the governor, for neglect or violation of duty. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The California Dairyman written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livestock and the Environment written by M. L. Rowe and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biennial Report of the State Dairy Bureau to the Governor of the State of California written by California. State Dairy Bureau and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agriculture Trade and the Environment The Dairy Sector written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-10-05 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study takes an in-depth look at the dairy sector in OECD countries in order to see how agricultural subsidies and environmental policies are impacting the environment and international competitiveness of dairy products.
Download or read book Drive in Dairies in Central California written by Jack Eldon Klein and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Regulation and the Spatial Structure of the U S Dairy Sector written by Murat Isik and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial public scrutiny about adverse environmental impacts of the dairy sector has resulted in increased environmental regulations. A behavioral model of location and production is developed to examine the impacts of environmental regulations, traditional location factors, and agglomeration economies on the spatial structure and geographical location of dairy production. The results show that counties in the states with more stringent environmental regulations tend to lose dairy inventories to those with less stringent policies. There are substantially meaningful spatial patterns of dairy production. Current dairy production levels are positively correlated while changes in production levels are negatively correlated across counties.
Download or read book Large Dairy Herd Management written by H. H. Van Horn and published by American Dairy Science Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Final Report written by California. Legislature. Assembly. Interim Committee on Livestock and Dairies and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changes in the Nature of Competition in the Dairy Industry in California written by Daniel I. Padberg and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book California Dairy Industry Legislation 1961 written by Dairy Institute of California and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The California Nitrogen Assessment written by Thomas P. Tomich and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2016-06-14 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is indispensable to all life on Earth. However, humans now dominate the nitrogen cycle, and nitrogen emissions from human activity have real costs: water and air pollution, climate change, and detrimental effects on human health, biodiversity, and natural habitats. Too little nitrogen limits ecosystem processes, while too much nitrogen transforms ecosystems profoundly. The California Nitrogen Assessment is the first comprehensive account of nitrogen flows, practices, and policies for California, encompassing all nitrogen flows—not just those associated with agriculture—and their impacts on ecosystem services and human wellbeing. How California handles nitrogen issues will be of interest nationally and internationally, and the goal of the assessment is to link science with action and to produce information that affects both future policy and solutions for addressing nitrogen pollution. This book also provides a model for application of integrated ecosystem assessment methods at regional and state (subnational) levels.
