Download or read book Effect of Tillage and Crop Rotation on Soil Nitrate and Moisture written by Dee Anna Jo Weed and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality written by Terry J Logan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.

Download or read book The Impacts of Cover Crops and Tillage on Nitrate N Concentrations in Soil Water in Southern Illinois Row Crop Agriculture written by Brooke Hagarty and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrate, as a water contaminant, can have many detrimental impacts on ecosystem and human health. With agriculture as one of the largest contributors to nitrate pollution in streams, the need to adapt agricultural practices that are less harmful to the environment is crucial. Furthermore, the need for optimizing agriculture production, while decreasing the impacts of nitrate leaching, becomes more critical as the world population grows. The purpose of this research was to evaluate methods for reducing nitrate leaching from agricultural fields and to determine the effectiveness of cover cropping systems for providing plant-available nitrogen that coincides with cash crop demands. Reductions of nitrate leaching have been documented from the incorporation of cover crops into field rotations, but more research is needed to understand what cover crops (legume vs. non-legume) along with what tillage system (conventional-till vs. no till) are the most effective at reducing nitrate losses. The four treatments for this two-year study were as follows: cover crop, no till; cover crop, conventional-till; no cover crop, no till; and no cover crop, conventional-till. The crop rotations for Season 1 were hairy vetch followed by corn, oats/radish followed by corn, no cover crop followed by corn. The crop rotations for Season 2 were cereal rye followed by soybean and no cover crop followed by soybean. Two tension lysimeters were installed in spring 2015 in each of the 18 treatment plots at 0.46 m deep and 0.91 m deep. Lysimeters were sampled every two weeks throughout the year except during January and February, where they were only sampled once a month. Impacts on soil health were also monitored. Soil samples were collected three times over the course of this study, in the spring of 2015, fall of 2015, and spring of 2016. Soil bulk density, infiltration rates, net nitrogen mineralization, and corn yield were also compared among treatments. For the duration of this study (May 2015-April 2016), the mean yearly precipitation and temperature were higher than the 30-year mean for the area. Over all collection events for Season 1 (May 2015-September 18 2015) in the shallow lysimeters (0.46 m), soil water nitrate-N concentrations were significantly higher in the hairy vetch, conventional-till treatments (22.62 mg L−1) than both oats/radish mix treatments (oats/radish, no till concentrations were 10.15 mg L−1 and the oats/radish, conventional-till concentrations were 10.01 mg L−1). Two collection events (6/25/2015 and 7/9/2015) occurred near, or during, a period of high nitrogen demand for corn, where corn takes up about 60% of its total needed nitrogen. No significance was found when analyzing the 6/25/2015 event or the 7/9/2015 event for treatment differences. At the 0.46 m deep lysimeters, the nitrate-N means in the no cover crop, no till treatment was 37.36 mg L−1 and the hairy vetch, conventional-till treatment was 28.92 mg L−1 for the 6/25/2015 event. At the 0.46 m deep lysimeters, the nitrate-N means for the hairy vetch, conventional-till was 35.19 mg L−1 and the no cover crop, no till treatment was 34.18 mg L−1. For the 7/9/2015 event. There were no significant differences for nitrate-N concentrations in soil water at either the 0.46 m or 0.91 m deep lysimeters due to tillage. During Season 2 for the spring 2016 soil sampling event, cereal rye scavenged nitrogen from the soil, resulting in lower soil nitrate-N concentrations in the cover crop plots. The soil nitrate-N means of all cereal rye plots ranged from 3.50 kg ha−1 to 3.55 kg ha−1, whereas the means from the no cover crop plots were significantly higher than the cereal rye plots with the no cover crop, no till plot at 12.70 kg ha−1 and the no cover crop, conventional-till plot at 22.13 kg ha−1. There were no significant differences in soil nitrate-N between conventional-till and no till. Yield data for corn in 2015 showed no significant differences when compared among the different cover crop treatments (hairy vetch, oats/radish mix, and no cover crop) combined with different tillage practices (conventional-till and no till). With more time than the one year observed in this study, differences may occur as soil nutrient availability changes along with soil structure. Though this study did not show differences in corn yield, benefits such as increased soil health, increased nitrogen availability, etc., should be considered when planning crop rotations for maximum benefits to the overall health of the crops and soils. If planned properly, the implications of incorporating leguminous cover crops before corn can help improve crop and soil health along with saving money from decreased fertilizer inputs. Data provided from this study and further research will be pertinent to farmers and land managers on various cover crop and tillage systems.

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book Root Zone Water Quality Model written by Lajpat Ahuja and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 2000 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication comes with computer software and presents a comprehensive simulation model designed to predict the hydrologic response, including potential for surface and groundwater contamination, of alternative crop-management systems. It simulates crop development and the movement of water, nutrients and pesticides over and through the root zone for a representative unit area of an agricultural field over multiple years. The model allows simulation of a wide spectrum of management practices and scenarios with special features such as the rapid transport of surface-applied chemicals through macropores to deeper depths and the preferential transport of chemicals within the soil matrix via mobile-immobile zones. The transfer of surface-applied chemicals (pesticides in particular) to runoff water is also an important component.

Download or read book Crop Rotation on Organic Farms written by Charles L. Mohler and published by Natural Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service (Nraes). This book was released on 2009 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Tillage on Soil and Moisture Conservation and on Crop Yields at Langdon and Edgeley and at Other Points in North Dakota written by Carl Louis Englehorn and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Tillage Systems on Nitrate nitrogen Accumulation and Soil Structure written by Abdulkadir Avcin and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of different tillage systems on nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in a 120 cm profile and on soil structure in the top 30 cm of the profile were studied under a fallow-wheat rotation. Treatment effects on nitrate-nitrogen, soil moisture and soil aggregation were measured. Fallow tillage treatments consisting of bare fallow, stubble-mulch and no-till were established on the trial plots. Bare fallow, stubble-mulch, and no-till tillage treatments had no significant effect on nitrate-nitrogen accumulation. However, the fact that nitrate-nitrogen accumulated at the end of fallow was several times higher than in the beginning of the fallow has great importance in terms of fertilizer application. Adequate moisture and temperature favored nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in the tillage plots during the fallow. The 0-10 cm soil layer appeared to be the accumulation zone in the three tillage systems. Effects of tillage treatments on soil structure were investigated through evaluation of aggregate size distribution and water stability. In the 0-10 cm soil layer, the aggregates larger than 0.84 mm, considered to be a good indicator of soil resistance to wind erosion, were more prevalent in bare fallow than in the other two treatments. The percentage of aggregates in the 2-4.75 mm range showed similar distribution patterns among the treatments. The 0-10 cm soil layer is disturbed every other fallow cycle in the bare fallow and every fallow cycle in the stubble-mulch. In notill, the 0-10 cm soil layer is disturbed only at planting. As a result, more destructive action of no-till and stubble-mulch may be reason for these differences. It should be noted that in no-till the soil is pulverized enough during seeding to favor low aggregation and stability.

Download or read book A Profound Guide to Crop Rotation written by Lisa H Gregory Ph D and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Crop rotation gives various nutrients to the soil. A traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped, and can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. Crop rotation has increased in the south in the last 10 years due to the changing tides of the ever changing grain price. With the increase in corn acres across the south, as well as the increase in irrigation, we have seen a steady increase in yields. There are many studies showing yield increases of 10 to 15 percent in soybeans and corn when rotation is utilized. Rotations also help with a reduction in nematodes, weeds and diseases. Northern Leaf Blight is a good example of a disease that has increased over the last several years, and can be reduced by rotating corn and soybeans. Understanding the relationship between nitrogen (N) and crop rotation is very important when making N management decisions. There are several benefits to using crop rotation, including improved nutrient cycling, soil tilth, and soil physical properties; and enhanced weed control. Crop rotation also may influence the rate of N mineralization or the conversion of organic N to mineral N by modifying soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, plant residue, and tillage practices.The incremental increase in N use over the past five decades, due to emphasis on maximizing yield, has led to a subsequent increase in N in the soil profile of some agricultural fields. Therefore, the influence of agricultural practices on water quality has prompted studies to develop best management practices to optimize the use of fertilizer N and reduce N loss to surface and groundwater. Crop rotation can play a major role in minimizing the potential risk of nitrate leaching to surface and groundwater by enhancing soil N availability, reducing the amount of N fertilizer applied, and minimizing the potential risk of N leaching. Research on the impact of long-term crop rotation on soil N availability shows that planting alfalfa, corn, oat, and soybean significantly increased the mineralized net N in soil compared with planting continuous corn. Because soil N mineralization can effect yield, crop rotation thus can be used as a management system to enhance the soil nutrient pool, thereby reducing the fertilizer N input and minimizing the risk of leaching of excess N during wet weather. A combination of conservation tillage practices and crop rotation has been shown to be very effective in improving soil physical properties. Long-term studies in the Midwest indicate that corn-soybean rotation improves yield potential of no-till compared with continuous corn. The reduction in yield of continuous corn in no-till is attributed to low soil temperature during seed germination, which is evident on poorly drained soils under no-till. Studies show that the poor performance of no-till corn following corn is more likely due to the previous crop than to surface residue conditions preventing early-season warming and drying of soils. The use of a legume cover in crop rotation can provide a substantial amount of N to a succeeding crop. Research has indicated that seeding rates for legumes can be reduced by approximately one-third of that recommended for forage production when used as cover crops without sacrificing biomass or N accumulation. Also, the type of crop grown in the previous year can impact the efficiency of conservation tillage, especially for no-till systems, due to the kind and amount of crop residue from the previous crop.

Download or read book Tillage Systems in the Tropics written by R. Lal and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this Bulletin are to collate up-to-date information on soil tillage requirements for soils in the tropics; to assess the impacts of different ways of tillage on soil, environment and crop productivity; and to outline criteria for developing environment-friendly and economically viable tillage techniques for sustainable use of soil and water resources

Download or read book Cornell Soil Health Assessment Training Manual written by Beth K. Gugino and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimation of Available Phosphorus in Soils by Extraction with Sodium Bicarbonate written by Sterling Robertson Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Four Tillage Methods of Vegetable Cropping on Soil Moisture and Nitrate Status in Soils written by Prasong Chowanaprecha and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Fallow Tillage on the Following Crop and on the Soil written by Otto Edwin Sell and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Tillage Practices and Crop Rotation Systems on Soil Properties and Water Use Efficiency written by Mattiga Panomtaranichagul and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic hypothesis is that improved water use efficiency of rainfed crops can be achieved by adoption of tillage and sowing practices and crop rotation systems which improve surface and subsurface soil structure to increase the accession of rainfall and availability of soil water.

Download or read book A Hitchhiker s Guide to Statistics in Plant Biology written by Stephen R. Bowley and published by Guelph, Ont. : Any Old Subject Books. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Extensive Guide to Crop Rotation written by Dennis Park Ph D and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotations also help with a reduction in nematodes, weeds and diseases. Northern Leaf Blight is a good example of a disease that has increased over the last several years, and can be reduced by rotating corn and soybeans. Understanding the relationship between nitrogen (N) and crop rotation is very important when making N management decisions. There are several benefits to using crop rotation, including improved nutrient cycling, soil tilth, and soil physical properties; and enhanced weed control. Crop rotation also may influence the rate of N mineralization or the conversion of organic N to mineral N by modifying soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, plant residue, and tillage practices. The incremental increase in N use over the past five decades, due to emphasis on maximizing yield, has led to a subsequent increase in N in the soil profile of some agricultural fields. Therefore, the influence of agricultural practices on water quality has prompted studies to develop best management practices to optimize the use of fertilizer N and reduce N loss to surface and groundwater. Crop rotation can play a major role in minimizing the potential risk of nitrate leaching to surface and groundwater by enhancing soil N availability, reducing the amount of N fertilizer applied, and minimizing the potential risk of N leaching. Research on the impact of long-term crop rotation on soil N availability shows that planting alfalfa, corn, oat, and soybean significantly increased the mineralized net N in soil compared with planting continuous corn. Because soil N mineralization can effect yield, crop rotation thus can be used as a management system to enhance the soil nutrient pool, thereby reducing the fertilizer N input and minimizing the risk of leaching of excess N during wet weather. A combination of conservation tillage practices and crop rotation has been shown to be very effective in improving soil physical properties. Long-term studies in the Midwest indicate that corn-soybean rotation improves yield potential of no-till compared with continuous corn. The reduction in yield of continuous corn in no-till is attributed to low soil temperature during seed germination, which is evident on poorly drained soils under no-till. Studies show that the poor performance of no-till corn following corn is more likely due to the previous crop than to surface residue conditions preventing early-season warming and drying of soils.