Download or read book ECR electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and Applications with Heavy ion Linacs written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has been developed in the last few years into a reliable source of high charge-state heavy ions. The availability of heavy ions with relatively large charge-to-mass ratios (0.1--0.5) has made it possible to contemplate essentially new classes of heavy-ion linear accelerators. In this talk, I shall review the state-of-the-art in ECR source performance and describe some of the implications this performance level has for heavy-ion linear accelerator design. The present linear accelerator projects using ECR ion sources will be noted and the performance requirements of the ECR source for these projects will be reviewed. 30 refs., 3 figs.
Download or read book ECR ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE ION SOURCES AND APPLICATIONS WITH HEAVY ION LINACS written by R.C. PARDO and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources written by Matthaeus Leitner and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Berkeley, California, 26-30 September 2004
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas written by R Geller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sour
Download or read book An Overview of LINAC Ion Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses ion sources used in high-duty-factor proton and H− Linacs as well as in accelerators utilizing multi-charged heavy ions, mostly for nuclear physics applications. The included types are Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) sources as well as filament and rf driven multicusp sources. The paper does not strive to attain encyclopedic character but rather to highlight major lines of development, peak performance parameters and type-specific limitations and problems of these sources. The main technical aspects being discussed are particle feed, plasma generation and ion production by discharges, and plasma confinement.
Download or read book ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources for Cyclotrons written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources have evolved from a single large, power consuming, complex prototype into a variety of compact, simple, reliable, efficient, high performance sources of high charge state ions for accelerators and atomic physics. The coupling of ECR sources to cyclotrons has resulted in significant performance gains in energy, intensity, reliability, and variety of ion species. Seven ECR sources are in regular operation with cyclotrons and numerous other projects are under development or in the planning stag. At least four laboratories have ECR sources dedicated for atomic physics research and other atomic physics programs share ECR sources with cyclotrons. An ECR source is now installed on the injector for the CERN SPS synchrotron to accelerate O/sup 8 +/ to relativistic energies. A project is underway at Argonne to couple an ECR source to a superconducting heavy-ion linac. Although tremendous progress has been made, the field of ECR sources is still a relatively young technology and there is still the potential for further advances both in source development and understanding of the plasma physics. The development of ECR sources is reviewed. The important physics mechanisms which come into play in the operation of ECR Sources are discussed, along with various models for charge state distributions (CSD). The design and performance of several ECR sources are compared. The 88-Inch Cyclotron and the LBL ECR is used as an example of cyclotron+ECR operation. The future of ECR sources is considered.
Download or read book ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source for the HHIRF Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility Tandem Accelerator written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Cyclotron Resonance, ECR, ion source technology has developed rapidly since the original pioneering work of R. Geller and his group at Grenoble in the early 1970s. These ion sources are capable of producing intense beams of highly charged positive ions and are used extensively for cyclotron injection, linac injection, and atomic physics research. In this paper, the advantages of using an ECR heavy-ion source in the terminal of the Holifield Heavy Ion Research Facility (HHIRF) 25-MV tandem accelerator is discussed. A possible ECR system for installation in the HHIRF tandem terminal is described.
Download or read book ECR Sources for the Production of Highly Charged Ions written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources (ECRIS) using RF between 5 and 16 GHz have been developed into stable, reliable sources of highly charged ions produced from a wide range of elements. These devices are currently used as ion sources for cyclotrons, synchrotrons, and heavy-ion linacs for nuclear and relativistic heavy-ion physics. They also serve the atomic physics community as a source of low energy multiply-charged ions. In order to improve their performance both with respect to maximum charge state and beam intensity, ECRIS builders are now designing and constructing sources which will operate at frequencies up to 30 GHz. In this paper we review the present status of operating ECRIS, review recent experimental measurements on plasma parameters, and look at the technology and potential of sources operating at frequencies up to 30 GHz. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Download or read book Status of ECR Electron Cyclotron Resonance Source Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion sources are now in widespread use for the production of high quality multiply charged ion beams for accelerators and atomic physics experiments, and industrial applications are being explored. Several general characteristics of ECR sources explain their widespread acceptance. For use with cyclotrons which require CW multiply charged ion beams, the ECR source has many advantages over heavy-ion PIG sources. Most important is the ability to produce higher charge states at useful intensities for nuclear physics experiments. Since the maximum energy set by the bending limit of a cyclotron scales with the square of the charge state, the installation of ECR sources on cyclotrons has provided an economical path to raise the energy. Another characteristic of ECR sources is that the discharge is produced without cathodes, so that only the source material injected into an ECR source is consumed. As a result, ECR sources can be operated continuously for periods of weeks without interruption. Techniques have been developed in the last few years, which allow these sources to produce beams from solid materials. The beam emittance from ECR sources is in the range of 50 to 200 .pi. mm-mrad at 10 kV. The principles of ECR ion sources are discussed, and present and future ECR sources are reviewed.
Download or read book Characterization of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Instabilities by Charged Particle Diagnostics written by Bryan Isherwood and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion sources are invaluable tools for producing charge particles for scientific, industrial, and medical applications. In particular, Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources (ECRIS) are high power sources capable of producing high intensity, high charge state beams of heavy ions. The system uses microwaves to resonantly heat of electrons within an inhomogeneous magnetic trap. However, the internal dynamics of the resulting plasma are complex and poorly understood. In particular, the excitation of kinetic instabilities within the plasma can make operating these ion sources difficult and unpredictable. This thesis focuses on studying these instabilities to determine ways to optimize ECRIS performance by minimizing their impact on the extracted beam current.This study focuses on two measurements that look at the steady-state and time-resolved measurements of charged particle currents escaping the ion source during stable and unstable operations. The first measurement is a novel diagnostic of electrons escaping confinement from the plasma chamber. The second was a measurement of high charge state ions (Ar8+) extracted from the plasma chamber over a broad set of parameter spaces. These measurements provide insight into the ideal operating conditions for an ECR ion source and the dynamics of the ion and electron populations within its plasma.
Download or read book Perturbative Measurements of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Plasmas written by Derek Elwin Neben and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy ion accelerators are a valuable resource for the nuclear science community to study atomic physics. One such heavy ion accelerator is the Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) which relies on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources to provide the primary beam to the target. ECR ion sources are essential for the efficient operation of research accelerators such as the CCF, providing high currents of highly charged ions. Highly charged ion beams increase the efficiency of the accelerators, but require longer confinement times and higher temperature plasmas in the ion sources than is necessary to produce singly charged beams. The need to use high temperature and low density plasmas creates challenges including those relating to plasma stability. ECR ion sources provide a good platform to accept metallic vapor ovens and sputtering probes allowing the CCF to accelerate up to 30 types of beams ranging from oxygen to uranium. Furthermore, ECR ion sources use no filaments or cathodes providing a high degree of reliability for the accelerator facility. As the intensity frontier demands ever rarer isotopes from accelerator facilities, the heavy ion beam intensity must increase [70], which creates new demands from the ion sources.The work presented within this dissertation set out to better understand the mechanism that confines highly charged ions in the ECR plasma. Specifically, it was explored if hot electrons (energy larger than 50 keV) contribute to ion confinement by generating an electrostatic well in the plasma potential [68]. Perturbative measurements of ECR ion sources are presented with the aim to explore ion confinement times: pulsed sputtering (Chapter 4) and amplitude modulation (Chapter 5). Chapter 3 explores the geometry of the sputtering probe with respect to the magnetic field which was crucial to produce reliable pulsed sputtering results on the ECR ion source. Axial pulsed sputtering, which could be conveniently implemented on fully superconducting sources, incorporated a bias disc effect that highly perturbed the plasma. Radial sputtering was emulated by placing a semi-shielded probe along the plasma chamber wall in between the electron loss surfaces.Ion confinement time was characterized through the decay time of the beam current, which is proportional to ion confinement time. Ion beam decay times were measured for different charge states of gold in an oxygen plasma in Chapter 4. Decay time always increased with increasing charge state. Decay time also increased with hot electron temperature for lower frequency operation (13 GHz), but reached an optimized value for higher frequency operation (18 GHz) due to plasma instabilities. Electrostatic confinement of ions appeared to be the most plausible mechanism to explain the observed decay time behaviors. A novel perturbative measurement technique was developed for ECR ion sources using Amplitude Modulation (AM) of microwave power. The AM measurement was originally motivated by whether or not 50~kHz modulation in microwave power (from the microwave source) would be observable in the beam current. A systematic study was organized on the University of Jyvaskyla Physics Department (JYFL) normal conducting ECR ion source in Jyvaskyla Finland. Chapter 5 presents the beam current response to AM on the 14 GHz ECR ion source for different weights of noble gases, magnetic fields, and vacuum pressures. The beam current amplitude generally decayed exponentially for frequencies higher than around 400 Hz with the modulation highly suppressed at 10 kHz.
Download or read book A New 14 GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source ECRIS for the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility ATLAS written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 14 GHz Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) has been designed and built at Argonne National Laboratory. The source is a modification of the AECR at Berkeley and incorporates the latest results from ECR developments to produce intense beams of highly charged ions, including an improved magnetic confinement of the plasma electrons with an axial mirror ratio of 3.5. The aluminum plasma chamber and extraction electrode as well as a biased disk on axis at the microwave injection side donates additional electrons to the plasma, making use of the large secondary electron yield from aluminum oxide. The source is capable of ECR plasma heating using two different frequencies simultaneously to increase the electron energy gain for the production of high charge states. The main design goal is to produce several e[mu]A of at least[sup 238]U[sup 35+] in order to accelerate the beam to coulomb-barrier energies without further stripping. First charge state distributions for gaseous elements have been measured and 210 e[mu]A[sup 16]O[sup 7+] has been achieved. A normalized 90% emittance from 0.1 to 0.2[pi] mm[sm-bullet]mrad for krypton and oxygen beam has been found.
Download or read book A New 14 GH sub Z Electron cyclotron resonance Ion Source ECRIS for the Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility ATLAS written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new 14 GHz ECRIS has been designed and built over the last two years. The source design incorporates the latest results from ECR developments to produce intense beams of highly charged ions. An improved magnetic electron confinement is achieved from a large mirror ratio and strong hexapole field. The aluminum plasma chamber and extraction electrode as well as a biased disk on axis at the microwave injection side donate additional electrons to the plasma, making use of the large secondary electron yields from aluminum oxide. The source will be capable of ECR plasma heating using two different frequencies simultaneously to increase the electron energy gain. To be able to deliver usable intensities of the heaviest ion beams the design will also allow axial access for metal evaporation ovens and solid material. The main design goal is to produce several e[mu]A of at least 238U{sup 34+} in order to accelerate the beam to coulomb-barrier energies without further stripping. First charge state distributions for 16O and 4°Ar have been measured.
Download or read book Cyclotrons And Their Applications Proceedings Of The13th International Conference Vancouver 1992 written by G Dutto and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1993-01-08 with total page 980 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the latest developments in the design, construction and operation of cyclotrons, from compact machines producing intense beams for isotope production, cancer therapy and industrial use, to the larger versions giving higher energy beams of ions of various elements for nuclear and particle physics. Important topics include ECR ion sources, superconducting magnets and radiofrequency cavities, beam dynamics and diagnostics, beam cooling rings, control systems and various medical and industrial applications.
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance ECR Ion Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Starting with the pioneering work of R. Geller and his group in Grenoble (France), at least 14 ECR sources have been built and tested during the last five years. Most of those sources have been extremely successful, providing intense, stable and reliable beams of highly charged ions for cyclotron injection or atomic physics research. However, some of the operational features of those sources disagreed with commonly accepted theories on ECR source operation. To explain the observed behavior of actual sources, it was found necessary to refine some of the crude ideas we had about ECR sources. Some of those new propositions are explained, and used to make some extrapolations on the possible future developments in ECR sources.
Download or read book ECR Heavy ion Source for the LBL 88 inch Cyclotron written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) heavy-ion source is under construction at the LBL 88-Inch Cyclotron. This source will produce very-high-charge-state heavy ions, such as 0/sup 8 +/ and Ar/sup 12 +/, which will increase cyclotron energies by a factor of 2-4, up to A = 80. It is a two-stage source using room-temperature coils, a permanent-magnet sextupole, and a 6-9 GHz microwave system. Design features include adjustable first-to-second-stage plasma coupling, a variable second-stage mirror ratio, high-conductance radial pumping of the second stage, and a beam-diagnostic system. A remotely movable extraction electrode will optimize extraction efficiency. The project includes construction of a transport line and improvements to the cyclotron axial-injection system. The construction period is expected to be two years.
Download or read book Conceptual Design of a Gyrotron driven Superconducting ECR Ion Source written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conceptual design for a superconducting Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) is presented. It is designed to take advantage of frequency scaling in ECRIS and be driven at 28 GHz by a laboratory scale gyrotron. The superconducting coils are surrounded by a warm bore iron yoke. Possible applications include cyclotrons, heavy-ion synchrotrons, ion implantation in semiconductors, and experiments in atomic physics. 10 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.