Download or read book Earnings Management Through Deferred Taxes Recognized Under IAS 12 written by Abdul Rafay and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines earnings management through deferred taxes calculated under the IAS 12 and its impact on firm valuation. The literature finds that book-tax nonconformity leads to better earning quality and a greater association between earnings and future expected cash flows. Given that Pakistan is a pioneering implementer of the International Financial Reporting Standards, our hypothesis is that the components of deferred tax disclosed under the IAS 12 provide value-relevant information to equity investors. We divide deferred tax components into three categories: those arising from (i) operational activities, (ii) investing activities, and (iii) financing activities. These are subdivided to ensure that no value-relevant component is aggregated with a non value-relevant component, which might otherwise lead to an information slack. Our sample includes data on shariah-compliant companies listed on the Karachi Meezan Index (KMI-30). We find that deferred tax line items in firms' balance sheets are reflected in market prices. Investors also tend to treat deferred tax line items (arising from operating, financing, and investing activities) differently. Furthermore, the value relevance is dissimilar for different components of deferred tax. Investors are wary of deferred tax assets and liabilities when pricing and are likely to penalize firms with a higher deferred tax position.
Download or read book Deferred taxes in IAS 12 written by Nadin Schäfer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-12-21 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 1,0, University of Applied Sciences Eberswalde, language: English, abstract: By writing this report I would like to introduce the reader into the topic of deferred taxes by using the International Accounting Standard 12. Therefore I would like to introduce you into the topic deferred taxes by giving you the theoretical basic concept of deferred taxes. The theoretical basic concept of deferred taxes should give you the idea and a definition of deferred taxes. Afterwards I would like to present the different causes for creating deferred taxes. The causes for creating deferred taxes will be emphasized by give examples. For a better understanding I would like to explain in the following the steps the methods of determination. You have to know that the IAS determines the deferred taxes by using the temporary concept. Because I would like to underline the differences I will present in short form the timing concept too. The temporary concept includes the timing and the temporary differences and excludes the permanent differences. Now we have to find a definition for each type of difference. If we know the idea of deferred taxes and we know how to determine them, we will be interested in the evaluation of deferred taxes. Therefore I will describe the liability method used by IAS and to show the differences I will describe the deferred method. For a better understanding I would like to conclude my report by giving the different way of calculation deferred taxes by using the deferred method and the liability method.
Download or read book Earnings Management and Deferred Taxes written by Gregory S. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A long-standing issue in the accounting literature is whether corporate managers exercise their accounting discretion to influence reported earnings. This paper extends this research by investigating whether managers manipulate the 'valuation allowance' for deferred tax assets. This account has several features that recommend it as a good place to look for earnings management. First, since this account is fairly 'new' (1992), there are no well-established formulae, or even any clear guidelines, for deciding on the appropriate level for this allowance. Second, the appropriate level of the allowance depends on managers' expectations about future earnings. For both of these reasons managers must exercise an unusual amount of discretion in choosing the appropriate level for this account. Finally, for many firms this provision is large enough to effect material adjustments to accounting earnings. We find that there is a good deal of variation across firms in the level of the valuation allowance. Part of this variation is explained by factors that appropriately reflect managers' expectations about whether their firms' deferred tax assets will be realized. In addition, after controlling for these factors, we find support for two earnings-management hypotheses: both the debt/equity hypothesis and income-smoothing have empirical support.
Download or read book Tax Accounting written by A.J. Bakker and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Earnings Management written by John D. Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the usefulness of deferred tax expense as compared to various accrual measures employed in prior research in detecting earnings management in three settings where earnings management likely occurs. The motivation for using deferred tax expense to detect earnings management is that there is typically more discretion under generally accepted accounting principles than under tax rules, and we assume that managers exploit such discretion to manage income upwards primarily in ways that do not affect current taxable income. Thus, we expect that decisions to manage earnings upwards will generate book-tax differences that increase deferred tax expense. Our results provide evidence of the incremental usefulness of deferred tax expense in detecting earnings management activities vis-a-vis total accruals and abnormal accruals derived from two versions of the Jones model. Deferred tax expense is generally incrementally useful beyond all three accruals-based measures with regard to detecting earnings management to avoid an earnings decline and with regard to detecting earnings management to avoid a loss. With regard to meeting analysts' earnings forecasts, only total accruals is incrementally useful in detecting earnings management. We also find that deferred tax expense is significantly more accurate than any of the accrual measures in classifying firm-years as successfully avoiding a loss, whereas no one measure is relatively more accurate than the others in classifying firm-years as successfully avoiding an earnings decline or meeting analysts' forecasts.
Download or read book Financial Reporting and Global Capital Markets written by Kees Camfferman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed and scholarly historical study of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), which prepared the way for the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The IASB holds the dominant influence over the financial reporting of thousands of listed companies in the European Union as well as in many other countries.
Download or read book Accounting for Income Taxes written by John R. Graham and published by Now Pub. This book was released on 2012-11-09 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounting for Income Taxes is the most comprehensive review of AFIT research. It is designed both to introduce new scholars to this field and to encourage active researchers to expand frontiers related to accounting for income taxes. Accounting for Income Taxes includes both a primer about the rules governing AFIT (Sections 3-4) and a review of the scholarly studies in the field (Sections 5-8). The primer uses accessible examples and clear language to express essential AFIT rules and institutional features. Section 3 reviews the basic rules and institutional details governing AFIT. Section 4 discusses ways that researchers, policymakers, and other interested parties can use the tax information in financial statements to better approximate information in the tax return. The second half of the monograph reviews the extant scholarly studies by splitting the research literature into four topics: earnings management, the association between book-tax differences and earnings characteristics, the equity market pricing of information in the tax accounts, and book-tax conformity. Section 5 focuses on the use of the tax accounts to manage earnings through the valuation allowance, the income tax contingency, and permanently reinvested foreign earnings. Section 6 discusses the association between book-tax differences and earnings characteristics, namely earnings growth and earnings persistence. Section 7 explores how tax information is reflected in share prices. Section 8 reviews the increased alignment of accounting for book purposes and tax purposes. The remainder of the paper focuses on topics of general interest in the economics and econometric literatures. Section 9 highlights some issues of general importance including a theoretical framework to interpret and guide empirical AFIT studies, the disaggregated components of book-tax differences and research opportunities as the U.S. moves toward International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Section 10 discusses econometric weaknesses that are common in AFIT research and proposes ways to mitigate their deleterious effects.
Download or read book International GAAP 2018 written by Ernst & Young LLP and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 6661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to practical IFRS implementation, updated for 2018 International GAAP 2018 is the definitive reference for IFRS application around the world. Written by the expert practitioners at Ernst & Young, this invaluable resource provides both interpretation and practical implementation guidance for anyone applying, auditing, interpreting, regulating, studying, or teaching IFRS. Specific instruction written from a global perspective provides clarity on complex issues, and coverage of the latest changes ensures that you will apply the most current standards appropriately and effectively. Worked examples provide answers at a glance, and hundreds of illustrations from major companies’ financial reports demonstrate IFRS implementation and bring technical concepts to life. Countries around the world have adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), and in the US, foreign private issuers are allowed to report under IFRS without reconciling to US GAAP. This book provides the essential information practitioners need to correctly understand and apply these standards, using a clear, consistent approach to resolving global financial reporting issues under IFRS in real-world scenarios. Updated and expanded for 2018, this new edition allows you to: Get up to date on the newest amendments and interpretations issued in the past year Examine implementation issues caused by widespread adoption of IFRS 9, IFRS 15, and the upcoming adoption of IFRS 16 in 2019 Understand the new insurance contract standard IFRS 17, which solves the comparison problem of IFRS 4 Gain clarity and insight on practical matters involved with IFRS implementation This three-volume set provides the depth and breadth of coverage necessary, with financial instruments covered separately for greater ease of navigation. As the world’s most comprehensive reference for IFRS implementation, International GAAP 2018 is the resource no practitioner, regulator, student, or researcher should be without. For further information on the various digital versions which are available for this material please visit www.wileyigaap.com
Download or read book The Economic Function of Deferred Taxes written by Anna Harumova and published by . This book was released on 2016-01-12 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deferred tax is an accounting category that forms part of tax expense and affects the reported amounts of profit after tax for businesses. This book explores the issue of deferred taxes at both the theoretical and practical levels, and investigates the financial aspects of such deferred taxes and their economic function in companies. In practical terms, it discusses specific circumstances leading to the creation of deferred tax and their economic function. The first chapter deals with regulatory issues concerning deferred taxes and accounting, specifically noting the accrual principle and different policies for charging, as well as the valuation of fair-value accounting. The second concentrates on such problems as changes in value based on depreciation, and changes in asset revaluation changes in long-term tangible and financial assets. This is followed by a chapter focusing on the problem of an effective income tax rate. The fourth chapter traces the specific practical use and form of economic functions of deferred taxes, and solves the problem of the equitable tax burden, as well as the distribution of this burden when changing the tax rate. Overall, the book defines, analyses, synthesises and compares current methods and the role of deferred taxes in the management of companies.
Download or read book Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses written by IFRS Foundation and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supervisory Roles in Loan Loss Provisioning in Countries Implementing IFRS written by Ellen Gaston and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Countries implementing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for loan loss provisioning by banks have been guided by two different approaches: International Accounting Standards (IAS) 39 and Basel standards. This paper discusses the different accounting and regulatory approaches in loan loss provisioning, and the challenges supervisors face when there are different perspectives and lack of guidance from IFRS. It suggests actions that supervisors can take to help banks meet regulatory and capital requirements and, at the same time, comply with accounting principles.
Download or read book IFRS 2 written by International Accounting Standards Board and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Taxation written by John Hasseldine and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 31 of Advances in Taxation includes studies from expert contributors, exploring topics such as: firms’ domestic and foreign effective tax rates; tax avoidance; and tax compliance. A study reviews prior literature on tax increment financing, an economic development tool frequently used by U.S. local governments.
Download or read book IFRS 5 Non current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations written by International Accounting Standards Board and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IFRS and XBRL written by Kurt Ramin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Financial Reporting Standards are increasingly adopted worldwide, and it is critical to understand their place within the global business environment as well as the most up-to-date methods of applying them. In IFRS and XBRL Kurt Ramin and Cornelis Reiman, world authorities on IFRS, have condensed the overwhelming flood of available material to present a comprehensive guide to the key components of IFRS, helping to explain why they are a priority for private enterprises and governments alike. The book: provides valuable commentary on key components of IFRS which are crucial to local, national and international business decision making demonstrates the importance of disclosure checklists offers illustrative financial statements arising from IFRS looks at recent developments in IFRS, in particular how the standards should be reflected in the narrative report, and what implications they have for sustainability reporting explores how business reporting can be improved, for example through the addition of non-financial reporting examines the key issue of emerging technology in reporting under IFRS, especially the use of XBRL and the obvious push for a new paradigm whereby object definitions, tracking and valuation offer considerable benefits to the people who produce and rely upon business reports To complete the picture, the authors examines other standards, and cover important issues such as US GAAP convergence with IFRS, and the important of International Valuation Standards, IFRS and XBRL is the complete guide to the background, current state, and future of International Financial Reporting Standards.
Download or read book FRS 102 written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Payout Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dividend policy continues to be among the premier unsolved puzzles in finance. A number of theories have been advanced to explain dividend policy. This e-book briefly reviews the principal theories of payout policy and dividend policy and summarizes the empirical evidence on these theories. Empirical evidence is equivocal and the search for new explanation for dividends continues.
