Download or read book Differential Compaction Fractures in Carbonate Mound Complexes written by Yaser Abdullah Alzayer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential compaction is thought to be a primary driver for syndepositional fracture development in carbonate platforms. Outcrop and subsurface observations of syndepositional fractures in carbonate mound complexes and platforms cannot be used to directly identify the mechanism or controlling factors behind their formation, because these observations represents the end state of potentially long and complex stress and diagenetic history. The limitations of outcrop observations are overcome by using a finite-element and combined finite-discrete forward models to simulate differential compaction and subsequent fracture development in carbonate mound complexes. Differential compaction deformation is modeled at the mound scale (tens of meters) and at an isolated platform-scale (kilometers). Numerical models are used to (1) quantify amount of differential subsidence required to develop fractures, (2) predict areas susceptible to fracture development, and (3) identify the most critical factors controlling differential compaction fracturing. 2D and 3D models are constructed based on classic outcrops of Late Pennsylvanian carbonate mounds in the Sacramento Mountains and age-equivalent Canyon and Cisco formations in the Midland Basin, West Texas. Modeling results are consistent with fracture observations in outcrops and the subsurface. Geometry of lithified antecedent topography and the overlying strata controls the location of differential compaction fractures. Fractures develop in strata overlying antecedent topography in transitional crest-to-off-mound/platform areas. Another location for fracture development corresponds to strata overlying the mound/platform slope-to-off-mound/basinal setting transition. Modeling results demonstrate that only a minor amount (cm -10s cm scale) of differential subsidence is required to develop fractures in early lithified carbonates. This suggests that differential compaction fractures in carbonate systems may be generally underestimated. Fracture intensity is found to be proportional to the amount of differential subsidence. A greater control on fracture intensity is the bedding contact nature. Fracture development in strata with bedding contacts that are resistant to layer-parallel slip display almost double the fracture intensity of strata with contacts favoring slip. Layer-parallel slip is concluded to be a major mechanism for dissipating stress during compaction-driven folding. The process-based modeling approach applied by this work provides fundamental understanding of differential compaction fracture development in carbonate mound complexes, which is valuable to prediction of fractures in subsurface reservoirs.
Download or read book Analysis of the Effects of Carbonate Mounds on Associated Stratal Geometry and Fracture Development Sacramento Mountains New Mexico USA written by Nathan Scott Tinker and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is an integrated structural‐stratigraphic analysis of compaction‐related fracturing in carbonate mounds and associated cover strata. The influence of early-cemented carbonate mounds on subsequent sediment deposition (such as creation of hard substrates and topographic relief) is relatively well-understood. The effect of early-cemented carbonate mounds during burial, however, has not been studied in detail. Early marine cementation of mounds enhances mechanical rigidity, which reduces mound compaction during burial as compared to less-resistant sediments surrounding and overlying the mound. This rigidity difference facilitates differential compaction of sediments overlying the mound, which are warped over the inflection point created by the mound topography. This study hypothesizes that there is a measurable increase in fracture intensity associated with differential compaction above early-lithified carbonate mounds. Thus, this work analyzes and quantifies the effects of differential compaction on stratal geometry, mechanical stratigraphy, and fracture development in Mississippian strata overlying carbonate mounds which are well-exposed in the Sacramento Mountains in southeast New Mexico. Methods employed in this study are drawn from structural geology, sedimentology, petrography, and remote sensing in an effort to adequately determine facies, examine fracture characteristics (e.g. size, orientation, and intensity), and to better understand which process(es) most directly control those characteristics (e.g. host rock facies type, diagenesis, bed thickness, mound proximity, mound size). Innovative methods of outcrop characterization such as high-resolution gigapan photography and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography were combined with photogrammetric techniques to create photo-realistic 3D outcrop models. The resulting models enabled a cost-effective, more detailed, less-distorted, and more comprehensive interpretation compared to previous methods, and improved understanding of the relationship between stratigraphy, rock mechanical evolution, and structural deformation in carbonate mound systems. Field work documented facies, stratal geometries, folds, faults, and fracture sets which validated observations and characterizations made using high-resolution field photographs and 3D outcrop models. Results of this work show that paleotopographic relief which has been early lithified (in this instance, Mississippian carbonate mounds) directly controls fracture development and overlying stratal geometry, in that there is a significant increase in tension fracture (mode 1) intensity above pre-existing rigid structures and over-steepening of bed dips beyond an expected and reasonable angle of repose. Additionally, this work outlines a multi-stage tectonostratigraphic sequence of the development of the stratigraphically complex Teepee Mound assemblage based on field observations of facies, fractures, stratal geometries, and diagenetic effects (e.g. cementation, compaction, and chertification), which includes new evidence of late-Mississippian tectonic compression. This result emphasizes the importance of understanding both syndepositional and post-depositional processes in outcrop characterization. Specifically, syndepositional processes establish the original mechanical stratigraphy and control the formation and propagation of early mechanical discontinuities, which in turn set up the fabric of weaknesses preferentially utilized by later fracture development. Post-depositional mechanical and diagenetic processes alter mechanical stratigraphy and rock brittleness, and thus influence fracture propagation through time..
Download or read book Carbonate Mud Mounds written by C. L. V. Monty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to investigate the structure, origin and evolution of carbonate mud-mounds. Mud-mounds are accumulations of biogenic carbonate sediment that are common in the geological record, and economically important as they host lead zinc mineralization and oil and gas. The book reviews, for the first time, the different mechanisms of mud-mound formation and examines in detail the major changes in mud-mound type and occurrence through geological time. The major part of the book contains case studies of mud-mounds from the Palaeozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The coverage is global and truly international, with 32 authors from 10 countries. The first volume to deal with the structure, formation and evolution of mud-mounds. Copiously illustrated, with nine colour plates. If you are a member of the International Association of Sedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see: http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP23
Download or read book Microbial Carbonates in Space and Time written by D.W.J. Bosence and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2015-08-21 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial carbonates (microbialites) are remarkable sedimentary deposits because they have the longest geological range of any type of biogenic limestones, they form in the greatest range of different sedimentary environments, they oxygenated the Earth’s atmosphere, and they produce and store large volumes of hydrocarbons. This Special Publication provides significant contributions at a pivotal time in our understanding of microbial carbonates, when their economic importance has become established and the results of many research programmes are coming to fruition. It is the first book to focus on the economic aspects of microbialites and in particular the giant pre-salt discoveries offshore Brazil. In addition it contains papers on the processes involved in formation of both modern and ancient microbialites and the diversity of style in microbial carbonate buildups, structures and fabrics in both marine and non-marine settings and throughout the geological record.
Download or read book Differential Compaction and Its Effects written by Andrew J. Longley and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deposition and Compaction in Carbonate Clinothems written by Kathleen A. Devaney and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Williston Basin Symposium written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Palaeozoic Reefs and Bioaccumulations written by J. Javier Álvaro and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The geological record contains a fascinating diversity of reefs and shell accumulations. As with many other biosedimentary structures, their facies characterization requires careful observation at outcrop and sample scale, and in thin-section to provide information about the global geometries, fabrics and textures respectively. This collection of papers encompasses the breadth of sedimentary geometries and facies displayed by Palaeozoic reefs, shell accumulations, and transitional composite deposits. The definition of reefs and shell concentrations has given rise to variations in nomenclature. The papers in this volume cover specific problems regarding the nomenclature and facies characterization of reefs, shell accumulations and transitional composite deposits. However, rather than attempt a complete revision of terms, the authors have touched on some of the important issues at this stage of development in the field: the main climatic, environmental and evolutionary factors that controlled the Palaeozoic development of shell accumulations and reefs.
Download or read book Abstracts of Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book AAPG Annual Convention written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issue for 2000 includes also the abstracts of papers presented, in a separately-paged section.
Download or read book Geology of Carbonate Reservoirs written by Wayne M. Ahr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible resource, covering the fundamentals of carbonate reservoir engineering Includes discussions on how, where and why carbonate are formed, plus reviews of basic sedimentological and stratigraphic principles to explain carbonate platform characteristics and stratigraphic relationships Offers a new, genetic classification of carbonate porosity that is especially useful in predicting spatial distribution of pore networks.
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Download or read book Basin wide Diagenetic Patterns written by Isabel P. Montañez and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By integrating the methods of different investagitive fields, this work gives us an interdisciplinary look at basic-scale subsurface fluid flow and its link to regional patterns of diagenesis, metasomatism, sedimentary ore deposits, and hydrocarbon accumulations. Issues addessed include the temporal evolution of hydrodynamic system, paleoflow conduits and their diagenetic products, subsurface fluid-rock interactions, the geochern-istry of basinal fluids, and heat flow in sedimentary basins. Paleo-fluid flow in both carbonate and siliciclastic systems is covered.
Download or read book Abstracts with Program written by SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology). Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
