Download or read book Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia written by A.J. Larner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains the key steps in planning and executing diagnostic test accuracy studies in dementia, with clear explanations of difficulties and pitfalls and with jargon clearly explained. The emphasis is on pragmatic diagnostic test accuracy studies which can be integrated into day-to-day clinical practice. The book is based on the author’s experience over more than 10 years, which has resulted in the publication of many diagnostic test accuracy studies. The text is structured as for a research publication on a diagnostic test accuracy study (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion), with a final chapter on Future Prospects. Each of the chapters is devoted to a practical and structured overview of each of these steps in performing and writing up such a study. Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia: A Pragmatic Approach is aimed at any clinician with an interest in dementia disorders: old age psychiatrists, geriatricians, neurologists, neuropsychologists and primary care physicians, as well as other professions allied to medicine. The book is also of interest to any clinician/researcher with an interest in diagnostic test accuracy studies.
Download or read book Primary Care and Dementia written by Steve Iliffe and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2001 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practice and training guide is written with the needs of health and social care professionals working with people with dementia in mind. The book is illustrated with case studies and includes a chapter on understanding and responding to the needs of the carer - such as access to information and support - and the effect on their own health.
Download or read book Manual of Screeners for Dementia written by A. J. Larner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws on the author’s experience in conducting pragmatic test accuracy studies on screening instruments for dementia/mild cognitive impairment. To facilitate comprehension and assimilation, all data is presented in an easily accessible, succinct and user-friendly way by means of a structured tabular format that allows tests to be easily compared. The pragmatic design of studies ensures high external validity and generalizability for the test results. The book includes a wealth of data on previously presented studies, as well as hitherto unreported test measures (“Number needed” metrics). It presents recently described and new diagnostic metrics (Likelihood to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed; Summary utility index; Number needed for screening utility); data from new studies on screeners (Attended with sign; Free-Cog; Two question depression screener; Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire; Triple test); and previously unpublished data (combination of SMC Likert and MACE; IADL Scale and MMSE). Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all professionals, beginners and seasoned experts alike, whose work involves the assessment of individuals with cognitive (memory) complaints.
Download or read book Towards Improving Diagnosis of Memory Loss in General Practice TIMeLi Diagnostic Test Accuracy Study Protocol written by Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Press and published by . This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People with cognitive problems, and their families, report distress and uncertainty whilst undergoing evaluation for dementia and perceive that traditional diagnostic evaluation in secondary care is insufficiently patient centred. The James Lind Alliance has prioritised research to investigate the role of primary care in supporting a more effective diagnostic pathway, and the topic is also of interest to health commissioners. However, there are very few studies that investigate the accuracy of diagnostic tests for dementia in primary care. Proceeds from the sale of this book go to support an elderly disabled person.
Download or read book Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia written by A. J. Larner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new and updated edition of this book explains the key steps in planning and executing diagnostic test accuracy studies in dementia, serving as an introduction to the topic with clear explanations of difficulties and pitfalls. It has been fully revised in light of developments over the past 5 years and includes STARD publications which have appeared since the first edition as well as the use of biomarkers of cognitive disorders as increasingly enshrined in diagnostic criteria. The book covers the presentation of study results in terms of measures of discrimination, taking examples from studies in dementia looking at various diagnostic methods including cognitive instruments, neuroimaging, and biochemical studies. The book continues to reflect the author’s own experience in diagnostic test accuracy studies, particularly in the sphere of cognitive screening instruments.. Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia encourages clinicians to adopt a pragmatic approach to diagnostic test accuracy studies rooted in day-to-day clinical practice.
Download or read book Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology written by John Charles Brocklehurst and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dementia diagnostics in primary care written by Anna Segernäs Kvitting and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Age is the greatest risk factor for developing dementia and the total number of people aged 60 years and above is expected to more than double globally from 2013 to 2050 (1). Primary health care (PHC) is important for basic diagnostic evaluations. Objective test measurements have been shown to be more reliable than a patient's subjective memory complaints in dementia assessments (2). However, several studies indicate the low use of objective cognitive screening tools in dementia diagnostics in PHC (3). Some general practitioners (GPs) do not perceive today’s cognitive instruments as helpful in the diagnostic process and administration problems have been reported in PHC (4, 5). The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the accuracy of several cognitive tests used in dementia assessments in PHC, especially among older patients: A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT), Cognistat and Cognitive Assessment Battery (CAB). The normative values of the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in the oldest old was also studied. Methods The studies included in this thesis are from two different study populations. Studies I, II and IV. Patients with and without cognitive symptoms were recruited from four primary health care centres in Sweden between 2007 and 2009.Study III. The Elderly in Linköping Screening Assessment (ELSA 85) cohort-population examined people born in 1922 in the municipality of Linköping, Sweden. Results Study I. Results showed that AQT is a usable test for dementia diagnosis in PHC. Sensitivity for AQT is superior to the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), equivalent to MMSE and the combination MMSE and CDT. The AUC for AQT was 0.773, valued good enough. Study II. Overall, the results for Cognistat in this study are superior to MMSE and CDT, also in combination. Cognistat is promising for improved dementia diagnosis in PHC with a quick and easily administered multi-domain test for dementia assessments. Study III. This study presents valuable information about normative MMSE data for the oldest patients. Results, suggest using the 25th percentile in MMSE of 25 to 26 points, and indicate that MMSE 26 is as a reasonable cut-off for cognitive decline and further medical evaluation in older persons aged from 85 to 93 years. Study IV. In summary, the additive value of the CAB test in dementia investigations in PHC is not obvious. In addition to questionable accuracy, the test is quite time consuming and normative values are scarce. By introducing the numerical sum (CABsum) the accuracy was increased. Conclusion In conclusion, objective cognitive tests are an important part of dementia diagnosis in PHC and there is a need for improved instruments and norm-values. From our results, several cognitive quick tests are usable in PHC - MMSE, AQT and Cognistat - but they have some disadvantages. MMSE 26 is a reasonable cut-off for cognitive decline in the oldest patients 85 to 93 years from a well-educated population with quite good socioeconomic. There is a great interest in finding short and better multi-domain instruments but the additive value of CAB in dementia investigations in PHC is questionable.
Download or read book Diagnosis and Treatment of Clinical Alzheimer s type Dementia written by Howard A. Fink and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: To summarize evidence on: (1) the accuracy of brief cognitive tests for identifying clinical Alzheimer's-type dementia (CATD) in individuals with suspected cognitive impairment; (2) the accuracy of biomarkers for identifying Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals with dementia; and (3) the benefits and harms of prescription drugs and supplements for cognition, function, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with CATD. DATA SOURCES: Electronic bibliographic databases to March 2019, ClinicalTrials.gov, systematic review bibliographies. REVIEW METHODS: Cognitive test accuracy studies must have used explicit CATD diagnostic criteria and a non-CATD control group. Biomarker accuracy studies must have used neuropathologic criteria to define AD cases and non-AD controls. All treatment trials must have enrolled participants with CATD; those evaluating BPSD enrolled individuals with CATD and BPSD. Minimum trial duration was 2 weeks for agitation, aggression, psychosis, and disinhibited sexual behavior, and 24 weeks for other outcomes. Two reviewers rated risk of bias (ROB) and strength of evidence. One reviewer extracted data; a second checked accuracy. We analyzed English-language studies with low or medium ROB. RESULTS: We analyzed 56 unique studies on the accuracy of brief cognitive tests for CATD, 24 on accuracy of biomarkers for AD (15 brain imaging, nine cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] testing), and 67 trials of CATD treatment (54 reporting cognition or function, 13 reporting BPSD). Multiple brief cognitive tests were highly sensitive and specific (≥0.8) for distinguishing CATD from normal cognition, but less so for distinguishing mild CATD from normal cognition or CATD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on few studies, compared with clinical evaluation alone, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET, and combinations of CSF tests added to clinical evaluation may improve accuracy for distinguishing AD from non-AD dementia. Regardless of CATD severity, cholinesterase-inhibitors produced small improvements in cognition and function compared with placebo but may increase serious adverse events and withdrawals due to adverse events. For moderate to severe CATD, memantine plus a cholinesterase inhibitor slightly improved global change and inconsistently improved cognition, but not function, compared with a cholinesterase inhibitor alone. Evidence was mostly insufficient about the effects of prescription drugs and supplements on agitation, aggression, psychosis, or disinhibited sexual behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Brief cognitive tests accurately distinguished CATD from normal cognition, but were less accurate distinguishing smaller clinical differences. Whether biomarkers improve diagnostic accuracy when added to clinical evaluation needs further verification, but potential benefits of testing are limited by lack of effective treatments for AD and non-AD dementias. Cholinesterase-inhibitors slightly outperformed placebo for cognition and function, but evidence of whether any drug treatments improved BPSD was largely insufficient.
Download or read book The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction written by Margaret Sullivan Pepe and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003-03-13 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes statistical techniques for the design and evaluation of research studies on medical diagnostic tests, screening tests, biomarkers and new technologies for classification and prediction in medicine.
Download or read book Cognitive Screening Instruments written by A. J. Larner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and updated second edition provides a practical and structured overview of some of the most commonly used and easily available cognitive screening instruments applicable in the outpatient clinic and bedside setting. It now includes additional chapters on AD8 and also methodological aspects of systematic cognitive screening instrument assessment from the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group. Expert authors from around the world equip the reader with clear instructions on the usage of each screening instrument, its strengths and weaknesses, and the time required for administration. Rules on scoring are also provided, such as how to correct for variations in the patient’s age or education, and suggested cut-off scores. Cognitive Screening Instruments: A Practical Approach, Second Edition is aimed at both clinicians and professionals in disciplines allied to medicine who are called upon to assess patients with possible cognitive disorders, including neurologists, old age psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, primary care physicians, dementia support workers, and members of memory assessment teams.
Download or read book Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales written by A. F. Jorm and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment written by Andrew J. Larner and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this special issue of Diagnostics, expert contributors have produced up-to-date research studies and reviews on various topics related to the diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment. The methods of the assessments discussed extend from simple neurological signs, which may be elicited in the clinical encounter, through cognitive screening instruments, to sophisticated analyses of neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of disease. It is hoped that these various methods may facilitate earlier diagnosis of dementia and its subtypes, and provide differential diagnosis of depression and functional cognitive disorders, as a prelude to meaningful interventions.
Download or read book Synthesizing Evidence of Diagnostic Accuracy written by Sarahlouise White and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinicians have long relied upon diagnostic tests for 'evidence' of the presence or absence of a disease or a condition. Similarly, policy makers must evaluate the value of a particular diagnostic test, compare it to any others, and decide which test should be made available or funded. Methods to synthesize evidence from diagnostic test accuracy studies are now emerging and this text examines the methodological basis to the synthesis of diagnostic test accuracy data and describes the processes involved in the conduct of a diagnostic test accuracy systematic review. Although screening studies share some similarities with diagnostic studies and may report similar statistics, screening is typically applied to uncover very early signs of disease or the risk of disease, whereas diagnostic tests are generally applied to individuals with signs or symptoms of disease. Issues of meta-analysis of screening studies are discussed elsewhere.
Download or read book Dementia in Australia written by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and published by AIHW. This book was released on 2012 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a comprehensive picture of dementia in Australia, illustrated by the latest available data and information on trends over time.
Download or read book Neurology in Clinical Practice written by Walter George Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition, completely rewritten, with new chapters on endovascular surgery and mitochrondrial and ion channel disorders.
Download or read book Cortical Abnormalities in Alzheimer s Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuropsychological Assessments of Dementia in Down Syndrome and Intellectual Disabilities written by Vee P. Prasher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews important neuropsychological measures currently used in the assessment of dementia by the principal clinicians and researchers associated with the test, offering practical guidance on each test along with an analysis of its limitations.
