Download or read book Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Disease written by Barbara T. Alexander and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2013-06-01 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous epidemiological studies report that birth weight is inversely associated with blood pressure, suggesting that slow growth during fetal life programs hypertension and increased risk for cardiovascular disease in later life. Different experimental models are used to provide proof of concept for the theory of developmental programming of cardiovascular disease, and studies in these different animal models are providing insight into the etiology of chronic disease programmed by an imbalance in nutrition during early life or exposure to maternal complications during pregnancy. Alterations in the regulatory systems key to the long-term control of blood pressure are implicated in the etiology of hypertension that results from adverse exposures during early development. Epigenetic processes are also implicated in the increased risk for programmed cardiovascular disease and the passage of programmed cardiovascular risk to the next generation. Sex, age, and early postnatal growth impact later programmed risk; programmed risk is also amplified in response to a secondary challenge that includes normal physiological processes such as pregnancy. Thus, this book will highlight how events during early life impact later cardiovascular health in a manner that is sex- and age-dependent and can be transmitted to the next generation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Historical Perspective / Epidemiological Studies / Experimental Models of Developmental Programming / Mechanisms of Developmental Programming / Birth Weight and Clinical Considerations / Birth Weight and Cardiovascular Disease: Translational Considerations / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Disease written by J. A. Hansell and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developmental Programming of Congenital Heart Diseases and Cardiovascular Risk Factors written by Kim Paulina Jans Wijnands and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 5 written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.
Download or read book Developmental Origins of Health and Disease written by Peter Gluckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-20 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This landmark publication provides the first definitive account of how and why subtle influences on the fetus and during early life can have such profound consequences for adult health and diseases. Although the epidemiological evidence for this link has long proved compelling, it is only much more recently that the scientific and physiological basis has begun to be studied in depth and fully understood. The compilation, written by many of the world's leading experts in this exciting field, summarizes these scientific and clinical advances.
Download or read book The Placenta and Human Developmental Programming written by Graham J. Burton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developmental programming is a rapidly advancing discipline of great importance to basic scientists and health professionals alike. This text integrates, for the first time, contributions from world experts to explore the role of the placenta in developmental programming. The book considers the materno-fetal supply line, and how perturbations of placental development impact on its functional capacity. Chapters examine ways in which environmental, immunological and vascular insults regulate expression of conventional and imprinted genes, along with their impact on placental shape and size, transport, metabolism and endocrine function. Research in animal models is integrated with human clinical and epidemiological data, and questions for future research are identified. Transcripts of discussions between the authors allow readers to engage with controversial issues. Essential reading for researchers in placental biology and developmental programming, as well as specialists and trainees in the wider field of reproductive medicine.
Download or read book Fetal Programming written by P. M. Shaughn O'Brien and published by Rcog Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epigenetic Programming of Cardiovascular Disease by Perinatal Hypoxia and Fetal Growth Restriction written by Paola Casanello and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the worldwide deaths in patients with non-communicable diseases are due to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, which are determined by a mix of environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors, and by their interactions. The aetiology of most cardiovascular diseases has been partially linked with in utero adverse conditions that may increase the risk of developing diseases later in life, known as Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Perinatal hypoxia can program the fetal and postnatal developmental patterns, resulting in permanent modifications of cells, organs and systems function. In spite of the vast evidence obtained from human and animal studies linking development under adverse intrauterine conditions with increased cardiovascular risk, still few is known about the specific effects of intrauterine oxygen deficiency and the related pathogenic mechanisms. Currently, the most accepted processes that program cellular function are epigenetic mechanisms which determine gene expression in a cell-specific fashion. In this chapter we will review the current literature regarding the perinatal exposure to chronic hypoxia and Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) in humans and animals and how this impinges the cardiovascular physiology through epigenetic, biochemical, morphologic and pathophysiologic modifications that translate into diseases blasting at postnatal life.
Download or read book Fetal Cardiac Function written by E. Gratacós and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fetal echocardiography was initially used to detect structural anomalies, but has more recently also been proposed to assess fetal cardiac function. Functional echocardiography has been demonstrated to select high-risk populations and has been seen to have an effect on the outcome of several fetal conditions. Because of the small size and high heart rate and the restricted access away from the transducer, cardiovascular parameters should be validated but used with caution in the fetus. This special issue on fetal cardiac function is a collection of review and original articles showing several potential clinical and research applications of functional echocardiography in intrauterine growth restriction, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, congenital heart disease and aneuploides. The insights provided show that fetal cardiac function assessment is a promising tool that may soon be incorporated into clinical practice to diagnose, monitor or predict outcome in some fetal conditions. Therefore, this special issue on 'fetal cardiac function' provides valuable reading for clinicians and researchers in fetal medicine and cardiology who are interested in the fetal heart.
Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying the Developmental Programming of Health and Disease written by Malgorzata Sylvia Martin-Gronert and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxidative Stress in Heart Diseases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-06 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research in the area of heart disease. It describes a multidisciplinary approach, and demonstrates biochemical mechanisms associated with dysregulation of redox signaling, which leads heart disease. Presenting recent studies on improved forms of ROS scavenging enzymes; specific inhibitors for different ROS generating enzymes; and oxidant induced signaling pathways and their antagonists that allow subtle modulation of redox signaling, it also discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, which are of vital importance in developing better strategies for treating heart disease. Each chapter offers researchers valuable insights into identifying targets for drug development for different types of heart disease.
Download or read book A Murine Model of Developmental Programming of Metabolic Syndrome by Maternal Obesity written by Phillippa Anne Matthews and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction An adverse environment during embryonic, fetal or early postnatal life is now known to influence the development of cardiovascular disease, together with related disorders, such as type-II diabetes in adulthood. This has become known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. One such adverse environment is maternal obesity, which has become more prevalent over recent decades, in line with the worldwide obesity 'epidemic' in the general population. Aim The aim of this thesis was to develop a novel, murine model of maternal diet-induced obesity and to use this to examine effects of maternal obesity on offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function in C57BL/6J mice. The same model in the apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE~7~) mouse, which is genetically predisposed to atherosclerosis was used to examine the development of offspring atherosclerosis. Methods Maternal obesity was induced by feeding a highly palatable diet high in fat and simple sugars. Offspring cardiovascular function was examined using radiotelemetry and small vessel myography. Glucose tolerance was assessed using intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. Atherosclerosis was examined by histology and magnetic resonance imaging. Results Exposure to maternal diet-induced obesity during gestation and suckling produced a hyperphagic, metabolic syndrome-like phenotype in the offspring, characterised by obesity, hypertension and abnormal glucose and insulin homeostasis. A cross-fostering study to examine the relative contributions of the in utero and suckling periods to this phenotype revealed that cross-fostering itself produced profound effects on offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function.
Download or read book Vibrant and Healthy Kids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are the foundation of the United States, and supporting them is a key component of building a successful future. However, millions of children face health inequities that compromise their development, well-being, and long-term outcomes, despite substantial scientific evidence about how those adversities contribute to poor health. Advancements in neurobiological and socio-behavioral science show that critical biological systems develop in the prenatal through early childhood periods, and neurobiological development is extremely responsive to environmental influences during these stages. Consequently, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors significantly affect a child's health ecosystem and ability to thrive throughout adulthood. Vibrant and Healthy Kids: Aligning Science, Practice, and Policy to Advance Health Equity builds upon and updates research from Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity (2017) and From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development (2000). This report provides a brief overview of stressors that affect childhood development and health, a framework for applying current brain and development science to the real world, a roadmap for implementing tailored interventions, and recommendations about improving systems to better align with our understanding of the significant impact of health equity.
Download or read book Maternal Undernutrition and Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders in Male Offspring written by Xiaoyuan Diana Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developmental Programming Effects of Maternal Obesity written by Carolle Kassab and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population studies within the United States indicate increasing rates of obesity, considerably prominent for women within reproductive age. Maternal obesity is associated with the offspring's hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which have chronic consequences. Obesity in pregnancy causes metabolic and epigenetic perturbations within the fetal environment, disrupting future health of offspring. This phenomenon is known as developmental programming. Although the relationship between maternal undernutrition and developmental programming has been demonstrated, its relationship to maternal obesity remains understudied.
Download or read book Epigenetics written by Joel D. Wallach and published by SelectBooks, Inc.. This book was released on 2014-05 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WHAT IS EPIGENETICS? Epigenetics is an emerging field of science that studies alterations in gene expression caused by factors other than changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetics: The Death of the Genetic Theory of Disease Transmission is the result of decades of research and its findings that could be as critical to our understanding of human health as Pasteur’s research in bacteriology. Dr. Joel “Doc” Wallach has dedicated his life work to identifying connections between certain nutritional deficiencies and a range of maladies, formerly thought to be hereditary, including Cystic Fibrosis and Muscular Dystrophy. This nexus between nutrition and so-called genetic disease has been observed in both humans and primates, and it is the central theme of Epigenetics. To bring us Epigenetics, Wallach has teamed with noted scholars Dr. Ma Lan and Dr. Gerhard N. Schrauzer. Their collective expertise gives this book its far reaching perspective. Epigenetics is of vital importance to anyone who wants real knowledge about how the human body functions, and it provides a path for better health. Epigentics dispels the dogma and misinformation propagated by medical institutions and doctors resistant to change. Epigenetics is the beginning of a new era of well-being on this planet.
Download or read book Kidney Development Disease Repair and Regeneration written by Melissa Helen Little and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kidney Development, Disease, Repair and Regeneration focuses on the molecular and cellular basis of kidney development, exploring the origins of kidney lineages, the development of kidney tissue subcompartments, as well as the genetic and environmental regulation of kidney development. Special coverage is given to kidney stem cells and possible steps towards kidney repair and regeneration. Emphasis is placed on the fetal origins of postnatal renal disease and our current understanding of the molecular basis of damage and repair. Biomedical researchers across experimental nephrology and developmental biology will find this a key reference for learning how the underlying developmental mechanisms of the kidney will lead to greater advances in regenerative medicine within nephrology. - Offers researchers a single comprehensive resource written by leaders from both the developmental biology and the experimental nephrology communities - Focuses on understanding the molecular basis of organogenesis in the kidney as well as how this can be affected both genetically and environmentally - Explains the underlying developmental mechanisms which influence the kidney's inherent repair capacity - Demonstrates how a deeper understanding of mechanisms will lead to greater advances in regenerative medicine
