Download or read book Development of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIV Pathogen written by Paul Frederick Edmonson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Hosts of SIV written by Aftab A. Ansari and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Hosts of SIV: Implications in AIDS thoroughly reviews the possible mechanisms by which African nonhuman primate natural hosts of lentiviruses remain essentially disease-free while other hosts exhibit disease and death. The book ultimately indicates directions for further research and potential translations of this compelling phenomenon into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV. When Asian non-human primate non-natural hosts are experimentally infected with viruses isolated from African species, disease and death normally results. Meanwhile, these African nonhuman primate natural hosts maintain similar levels of plasma and cellular viremia and exhibit compellingly different, essentially disease-free, states. This work attempts to answer the question of how the natural host remains disease resistant. Summarizes the past 30 years of research in this field and describes the latest developments in AIDS research using nonhuman primate animal models Provides insights into how this large body of scientific work can be translated into novel approaches to treat and prevent HIV Highlights the areas that merit future pursuit, focusing on potential applications for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection

Download or read book Models of Protection Against HIV SIV written by Gianfranco Pancino and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A successful vaccine for the prevention and/or immunotherapy against HIV/AIDS is one of the prominent challenges of the 21st century. To date, all human vaccine trials against this virus/disease have resulted in failure, or at best have shown very low efficacy. The scientific community dealing with HIV/AIDS has unanimously proposed a focus on basic science, with the intention of identifying correlates of protection that can serve as guides in developing and evaluating vaccine preparation. However, Nature seems to have already found several ways of dealing with infections by HIV and related primate lentiviruses, either by resisting infection or, once infected, avoiding immune damage and immunodeficiency. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV will allow for an in-depth reflection on the perspectives for vaccine and therapy research derived from important recent studies. It will be authored by some of the most well known specialists in the field of HIV resistance/protection: including F. Barré-Sinoussi (2008 Nobel Prize for Medicine winner), B. Walker, S. Rowland-Jones, A. Telenti, M. Lederman and F. Plummer. This book is structured in a unique way, looking at three models of resistance/protection separately and then comparing the models against one another to provide its readership with a detailed examination of the research that is most predominant in the search for a vaccine. This structure presents the information in an easy-to-understand format and gives the book a cross-discipline appeal -- an important reference for those in the scientific community, medical care, public health and academia alike. Provides extensive descriptions and comparisons on the different models of protection agains HIV/AIDS Comprehensive writing and illustrations Contributors are among the most eminent specialists in the field

Download or read book Chimpanzees in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, experiments using chimpanzees have been instrumental in advancing scientific knowledge and have led to new medicines to prevent life-threatening and debilitating diseases. However, recent advances in alternate research tools have rendered chimpanzees largely unnecessary as research subjects. The Institute of Medicine, in collaboration with the National Research Council, conducted an in-depth analysis of the scientific necessity for chimpanzees in NIH-funded biomedical and behavioral research. The committee concludes that while the chimpanzee has been a valuable animal model in the past, most current biomedical research use of chimpanzees is not necessary, though noted that it is impossible to predict whether research on emerging or new diseases may necessitate chimpanzees in the future.

Download or read book Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Norman L. Letvin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses has greatly intensified due to the realization that HIV-1 and HIV-2 are members of this previously obscure group. Related lentiviruses have now been isolated from sheep, goats, horses, cattle, cats, monkeys, and humans. This issue of CTMI is devoted to the lentiviruses of nonhuman primates, referred to as simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). The SIVs provide valuable tools for our quest to understand and control the HIVs, which are obviously important new human pathogens. Included in this volume are discussions of the distribution and molecular phylogeny of the SIVs and their use as animal models for the study of AIDS pathogenesis, and the chapters clearly illustrate how SIV models are contributing to our understanding of the ability of host immune responses to control infection at least temporarily and the ability of virus to evade these host immune defenses.

Download or read book Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research written by Christian R. Abee and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-06-07 with total page 867 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2e of the gold standard text in the field, Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of the use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research. The Diseases volume provides thorough reviews of naturally occurring diseases of nonhuman primates, with a section on biomedical models reviewing contemporary nonhuman primate models of human diseases. Each chapter contains an extensive list of bibliographic references, photographs, and graphic illustrations to provide the reader with a thorough review of the subject. Fully revised and updated, providing researchers with the most comprehensive review of the use of nonhuman primates in bioledical research Addresses commonly used nonhuman primate biomedical models, providing researchers with species-specific information Includes four color images throughout

Download or read book Simian Immunodeficiency Virus New Insights for the Healthcare Professional 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyPaper™ that delivers timely, authoritative, and intensively focused information about Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in a compact format. The editors have built Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Simian Immunodeficiency Virus in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Induction of Type 1 Immune Responses to SIV by IFN Gamma written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our long term goal is the development of a safe and efficacious vaccine against infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The immediate objective of this study is to develop vaccinia virus (VV) vector vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) as a model in rhesus macaques.

Download or read book Simian Immunodeficiency Virus as a Model for the Characterization of Integrase Inhibitors written by Said Hassounah and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Currently, there is no cure for infection by HIV, the virus responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic. Although attempts at generating an effective HIV vaccine have had little success, the development of antiretroviral drug treatments has led to improvements in the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS by delaying or preventing the progress to AIDS. Since the discovery of the first inhibitors of HIV replication, drug resistance has been a major problem in HIV therapy, due, in part, to the high mutation rate of HIV. Therefore, the development of a predictive animal model is important to identify impending resistance mutations and to possibly inform treatment decisions. Significant advances have been made possible through the use of nonhuman primates and humanized mouse models. The integrase (IN) protein is one of the important viral proteins since it plays a crucial role in the insertion of the viral genome into the host chromosomal DNA. This makes IN a therapeutic target. Integrase inhibitors (INIs) are the most recent category of antiretroviral therapy to be developed and include raltegravir (RAL), elvitegravir (EVG) and dolutegravir (DTG). The first generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), RAL, and EVG have been shown to possess modest genetic barriers to the development of resistance; however, DTG has shown to possess higher genetic barrier than RAL and EVG. Second generation INSTIs, bictegravir (BIC), and cabotegravir (CAB), exhibit favorable resistance profiles against clinical isolates with resistance against the earlier INSTIs, as well as longer half-life and higher genetic barrier to the development of resistance than RAL and EVG.Previous studies on simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) have documented the antiviral activities of multiple antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, including INSTIs such as L-870812, a RAL analogue. Monotherapy of rhesus macaques infected with a simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) variant termed 89.6P with L-870812 led to the detection of a drug-resistant virus that contained a N155H mutation. This virus exhibited lower viral replication capacity and reduced pathogenicity compared to wild-type (WT) viruses; the N155H mutation in IN has also been documented in HIV in patients failing therapy with RAL. The susceptibility of SIVmac251 to a RAL analogue encourages the pre-clinical testing of novel INSTIs in SIVmac-infected animals. This thesis examined the challenge virus, SIVmac239, as a preclinical model for testing INSTIs, and the development of INSTI resistance through tissue culture, homology modeling, and biochemical experiments. Sequence alignments of SIVmac239 IN with the INs of various HIV-1 isolates showed high degrees of homology and conservation of each of the catalytic triad and key residues involved in drug resistance. In chapter 2, we evaluated the effect of IN mutations associated with INSTI-resistance on SIV susceptibility to INSTIs and infectivity. We observed that SIVmac239 is susceptible to different INSTIs and that SIV IN mutant viruses displayed resistance profiles similar to HIV-1 to RAL, EVG, and DTG. In chapter 3, we assessed the catalytic activities of IN and INSTI inhibitory constants in cell-free assays, and assessed whether SIV would yield the same resistance mutations as in HIV by performing tissue culture selections. We found that SIV and HIV share similar resistance pathway profiles towards EVG and DTG. In chapter 4, we compared SIV and HIV-1 WT and IN variant susceptibilities to BIC, CAB, and DTG. Chapter 4 shows that BIC possesses an excellent resistance profile in regard to HIV and SIV and an improved resistance profile against viruses containing HIV mutations associated with resistance against RAL and EVG.Collectively, our findings indicate that SIV and HIV share similar resistance pathway profiles towards INSTIs and that SIVmac239 is a useful challenge virus for studies of HIV resistance to INSTIs." --

Download or read book The Evolution of HIV written by Keith A. Crandall and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1999-04-26 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wolinsky.-- "European Molecular Biology Organization Reports"

Download or read book Encyclopedia of AIDS written by Thomas J. Hope and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-06-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of occupational health and safety constantly changes, especially as it pertains to biomedical research. New infectious hazards are of particular importance at nonhuman-primate facilities. For example, the discovery that B virus can be transmitted via a splash on a mucous membrane raises new concerns that must be addressed, as does the discovery of the Reston strain of Ebola virus in import quarantine facilities in the U.S. The risk of such infectious hazards is best managed through a flexible and comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety Program (OHSP) that can identify and mitigate potential hazards. Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates is intended as a reference for vivarium managers, veterinarians, researchers, safety professionals, and others who are involved in developing or implementing an OHSP that deals with nonhuman primates. The book lists the important features of an OHSP and provides the tools necessary for informed decision-making in developing an optimal program that meets all particular institutional needs.

Download or read book Chimpanzees in Research written by Committee on Long-Term Care of Chimpanzees and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chimpanzees in biomedical and behavioral research constitute a national resource that has been valuable in addressing national health needs. Facilities that house chimpanzees owned and supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have successfully met the research requirements of the scientific community. The captive chimpanzee population in the United States has grown substantially, particularly over the last decade. That growth is due primarily to the success of the NIH-sponsored Chimpanzee Breeding and Research Program, which achieved the birth numbers thought necessary to meet the projected needs of biomedical research. However, the expected level of use of the chimpanzee model in biomedical research did not materialize, and that has created a complex problem that threatens both the availability of chimpanzees for research in the future and the infrastructure required to ensure the well-being of captive chimpanzees used in biomedical research. Because the present system is fragmented, it is impossible to formulate an accurate overview of the size and nature of the chimpanzee population. But, if the chimpanzee is to continue to be used in biomedical research responsibly, effectively, and cost-effectively, we must be able to oversee, track, and coordinate the maintenance and use of chimpanzees and to control the size of the population. To assess the long-range situation and to develop, implement, and monitor the application of policies for the proper use and care of chimpanzees, an authoritative, centralized oversight structure is imperative. Once it is in place, it will be possible to refine and implement this report's recommendations.

Download or read book Handbook on Immunosenescence written by Tamas Fulop and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This authoritative handbook covers all aspects of immunosenescence, with contributions from experts in the research and clinical areas. It examines methods and models for studying immunosenescence; genetics; mechanisms including receptors and signal transduction; clinical relevance in disease states including infections, autoimmunity, cancer, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, frailty and osteoporosis; and much more.

Download or read book Linked by Blood Hemophilia and AIDS written by David Green and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linked by Blood: Hemophilia and AIDS recounts the factors responsible for the widespread infection of people with hemophilia by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-contaminated blood and offers a prescription for addressing the challenges of future viral epidemics. The book describes the impact of AIDS on people with hemophilia, their families, and caregivers. The collection, processing, and distribution of blood in the early years of the HIV epidemic are described, including the failure of regulatory agencies to promulgate effective rules to safeguard the blood supply. The contributions of individuals and organizations that mitigated the epidemic are recognized. Linked by Blood presents recommendations for addressing the myriad medical, social, and economic challenges posed by blood-borne viral infections (AIDS, Ebola, MERS) that periodically sweep through large segments of our population. Addresses the challenges of future viral epidemics Promotes understanding of the risks and benefits of blood transfusion Demystifies HIV/AIDS by explaining how the virus causes disease and is detected and treated Covers the factors that led to contamination of the blood supply and contributed to the AIDS epidemic Provides background information on hemophilia: who is affected, why they bleed, how it is treated, and what complications can occur Discusses the role of regulatory agencies in protecting the blood supply and ensuring the safety of blood and blood products Features new proposals to enhance blood product safety and regulate the prices of blood, drugs, and devices that are essential for human health

Download or read book The River written by Edward Hooper and published by Back Bay. This book was released on 2000 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A British medical journalist offers a meticulously researched look at HIV and its potential source, discussing the history of this lethal epidemic, analyzing a number of theories concerning its origins, and investigating current scientific inquiries into HIV, AIDS, and the search for a cure. Reprint. 15,000 first printing.

Download or read book The Nonhuman Primate in Nonclinical Drug Development and Safety Assessment written by Joerg Bluemel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-13 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nonhuman Primate in Drug Development and Safety Assessment is a valuable reference dedicated to compiling the latest research on nonhuman primate models in nonclinical safety assessment, regulatory toxicity testing and translational science. By covering important topics such as study planning and conduct, inter-species genetic drift, pathophysiology, animal welfare legislation, safety assessment of biologics and small molecules, immunotoxicology and much more, this book provides scientific and technical insights to help you safely and successfully use nonhuman primates in pharmaceutical toxicity testing. A comprehensive yet practical guide, this book is intended for new researchers or practicing toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists and pharmaceutical scientists working with nonhuman primates, as well as graduate students preparing for careers in this area. Covers important topics such as species selection, study design, experimental methodologies, animal welfare and the 3Rs (Replace, Refine and Reduce), social housing, regulatory guidelines, comparative physiology, reproductive biology, genetic polymorphisms and more Includes practical examples on techniques and methods to guide your daily practice Offers a companion website with high-quality color illustrations, reference values for safety assessment and additional practical information such as study design considerations, techniques and procedures and dosing and sampling volumes