Download or read book Development and Optimization of a Dedicated Hybrid Dual Modality SPECT CmT System for Improved Breast Lesion Diagnosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this project is to implement a dual-modality single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and x-ray computed mammotomography (CmT) system for the detection and staging of breast cancer monitoring of treatment therapies and improving surgical biopsy guidance. The sequential acquisition with emission (nuclear) and transmission (x-ray) 3D imaging systems can aid in localizing the radioactive uptake of a tumor from the emission image by using the anatomical structure from the transmission image. In the first year both systems were integrated onto a single platform with a customized patient bed to allow emission and transmission imaging of a pendant uncompressed breast during a single session. Further investigation was done to ensure that each system was positioned such that it could fit over the patient bed and completely sample the breast. Physical constraints of each system were examined. A data acquisition sequence was designed for SPECT and CmT. Imaging feasibility with geometric phantoms and breast phantoms were performed to study the resolution/sampling properties and fusion of functional-anatomical images. One hybrid patient study was also carried out. In the next two years of this grant corrections due to the CmT offset geometry x-ray scatter and attenuation will be applied to increase contrast decrease noise and improve quantitative accuracy in the images. In addition to research clinical experience in other areas of breast cancer detection was explored.

Download or read book Optimizing and Evaluating an Integrated SPECT CmT System Dedicated to Improved 3 D Breast Cancer Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this research is to optimize the development of a combined dual-modality single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and x-ray computed mammotomography (CmT) system for the earlier detection and staging of breast cancer, improving surgical biopsy guidance, and the monitoring of patient therapy response. It is believed that co-registered acquisition of emission (nuclear) and transmission (x-ray) data using both 3D imaging modalities in a common field of view may aid to accurately localize the radioactive uptake of a tumor in the emission image by using anatomical structure from the transmission image. In this second year, the radiation dose absorbed by the uncompressed breast during a regular tomographic scan using is extensively quantified using the developed tomographic system. New concept designs for the next generation 3D breast CmT system are also developed, in addition to new tomographic trajectories designed to overcome limitations in the ability of the developed CmT system to view the chest wall of the prone patient. In addition to the technical work, other aspects of the training program were also completed, including site visits to a major medical imaging company, the presentation of the research at scientific conferences, and the ongoing submission of a manuscript to a major peer reviewed journal. Finally, the doctoral thesis arising from this research was written and successfully defended by the author.

Download or read book Dual Modality Imaging System for Breast Cancer Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 25-40% of the general female population with radiodense breast parenchyma, clinically occult lesions may be invisible in the screen-film mammogram. Even if suspicious masses are detected, determination of the benign or malignant nature of a mass is often impossible from the x-ray image. There is thus a need for diagnostic procedures that can noninvasively help characterize suspicious breast lesions. Scintimammography is an imaging technique that shows promise as an adjunct diagnostic tool in problem solving mammography, for monitoring recurrence after surgery, and in the assessment of multidrug-resistance. However, because clinical Anger cameras have only moderate spatial resolution and are difficult to position close to the breast, small lesions are difficult to detect. In addition, no direct means exists of correlating mammographic and scintigraphic information because of the significantly different shape of the breast in mammography (compressed) and scintimammography (prone, pendulant). We are developing an imaging system that overcomes these problems by combining digital x-ray mammography and gamma emission scintigraphy in a single, integrated system. The system is mounted on a standard upright mammography unit, and can easily be placed in a typical mammography room, providing accessibility even for small breast imaging clinics not associated with major medical centers.

Download or read book Dual Modality Imaging System for Breast Cancer Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 25.40% of the general female population with radiodense breast parenchyma, clinically occult lesions may be invisible in the screen-film mammogram. Even if suspicious masses are detected, determination of the benign or malignant nature of a mass is often impossible from the x-ray image. There is thus a need for diagnostic procedures that can noninvasively help characterize suspicious breast lesions. Scintimammography is an imaging technique that shows promise as an adjunct diagnostic tool in problem solving mammography, for monitoring recurrence after surgery, and in the assessment of multidrug-resistance. However, because clinical Anger cameras have only moderate spatial resolution and are difficult to position close to the breast, small lesions are difficult to detect. In addition, no direct means exists of correlating mammographic and scintigraphic information because of the significantly different shape of the breast in mammography (compressed) and scintimammography (prone, pendulant). We are developing an imaging system that overcomes these problems by combining digital x-ray mammography and gamma emission scintigraphy in a single, integrated system. The system is mounted on a standard upright mammography unit, and can easily be placed in a typical mammography room, providing accessibility even for small breast imaging clinics not associated with major medical centers.

Download or read book Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography CEDM written by Jacopo Nori and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive, practical resource entirely devoted to Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography (CEDM), a state-of-the-art technique that has emerged as a valuable addition to conventional imaging modalities in the detection of primary and recurrent breast cancer, and as an important preoperative staging tool for women with breast cancer. CEDM is a relatively new breast imaging technique based on dual energy acquisition, combining mammography with iodine-based contrast agents to display contrast uptake in breast lesions. It improves the sensitivity and specificity of breast cancer detection by providing higher foci to breast-gland contrast and better lesion delineation than digital mammography. Preliminary results suggest that CEDM is comparable to breast MRI for evaluating the extent and size of lesions and detecting multifocal lesions, and thus has the potential to become a readily available, fast and cost-effective examination. With a focus on the basic imaging principles of CEDM, this book takes a practical approach to breast imaging. Drawing on the editors’ and authors’ practical experience, it guides the reader through the basics of CEDM, making it especially accessible for beginners. By presenting the key aspects of CEDM in a straightforward manner and supported by clear images, the book represents a valuable guide for all practicing radiologists, in particular those who perform breast imaging and have recently incorporated or plan to incorporate CEDM into their diagnostic arsenal.

Download or read book Contrast Enhanced Mammography written by Marc Lobbes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a novel advanced mammography technique using dual-energy mammography in combination with intravenous contrast administration in order to increase the diagnostic performance of digital mammography. Readers will find helpful information on the principles of CEM and indications for the technique. Detailed attention is devoted to image interpretation, with presentation of case examples and highlighting of pitfalls and artifacts. Other topics to be addressed include the establishment of a CEM program, the comparative merits of CEM and MRI, and the roles of CEM in screening populations and monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CEM became commercially available in 2011 and is increasingly being used in clinical practice owing to its superiority over full-field digital mammography. This book will be an ideal source of knowledge and guidance for all who wish to start using the technique or to learn more about it.

Download or read book Hybrid SPECT CT Imaging in Clinical Practice written by Ora Israel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring a technology that is significantly impacting the noninvasive evaluation of the physiology and anatomy of tumors, as well as the diagnosis of infectious processes and cardiac diseases, this source presents recent advances and clinical applications of sequential, single session single-photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography imaging. This source is written by pioneers in hybrid imaging and offers authoritative sections on state-of-the-art breakthroughs in sentinel lymph node identification, cardiac imaging, and the study and treatment of a variety of disorders including lymphoma, thyroid and parathyroid tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, prostatic cancer, and bone metastases.

Download or read book Advancement of Spatial Resolution in Dedicated Breast CT written by Peymon Gazi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated computed tomography of the breast (bCT) is a three dimensional imaging modality developed in order to explore its potential as an alternative to conventional, x-ray mammography. Digital mammography is the standard breast cancer screening modality in part due to its high spatial resolution - essential to the detection of small microcalcifications that have a significant prognostic value. This work describes the development of two dedicated cone-beam bCT systems spanning two generations of design evolution with a focus on spatial resolution improvement. To date, over 90 patients have been scanned on the fabricated prototypes. In these systems, significant spatial resolution improvements have resulted from factors including the switch from continuous to pulsed fluoroscopic image acquisition modes, the change in system geometry and the employment of new acquisition hardware components. Characterization of different generations of bCT systems shows these modifications resulted in an 188% improvement of the limiting MTF properties from the previous bCT systems to first developed prototype, and an additional 110% from the first to second developed prototypes. Standard procedures dictating methods for image acquisition, reconstruction and presentation have been developed and streamlined which result in greater flexibility and usability for both the researcher and radiologist. Hardware capabilities have been improved upon between the two generations of bCT scanner design. An included modulated Region Of Interest CT acquisition core (ROI-CT) is discussed in this work. The addition of an integrated dedicated breast PET scanner to the latest prototype bCT system is also described. To further the goal of improving bCT for diagnostic applications, a framework of deformable, image registration and segmentation for the purpose of temporal subtraction contrast-enhanced breast CT has been developed and evaluated. A variant of the Demons deformable registration algorithm: Intensity Difference Adaptive Demons (IDAD), was developed in order to correct for the large deformation forces stemming from contrast enhancement. The accuracy of the IDAD has been evaluated via mathematical simulation, physical phantom and clinical patient images. The proposed method outperformed conventional affine and Demons variations for serial and longitudinal pre-contrast and post-contrast breast CT image alignment.

Download or read book Low Dose 3D Quantitative Vascular X ray Imaging of the Breast written by Pablo Milioni de Carvalho and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in women. Diagnostic imaging techniques are a critical part for screening, diagnosis, tumor staging and cancer therapy of the breast. Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) is the current standard imaging technique allowing detection of abnormal vascular development and lesion contrast uptake. CE-MRI is however very costly and not widely available. Moreover, its spatial resolution might not be sufficient to depict certain types of lesions including microcalcifications. The development of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) has made the clinical use of intravenous contrast enhancement with conventional mammography possible. However, CESM is a 2D projection technique and therefore presents limitations to depict the 3D internal structures of lesions and to provide accurate quantitative 3D functional information.Contrast-Enhanced Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (CE-DBT) and dedicated Contrast-Enhanced Breast CT (CE-bCT) are two breast imaging modalities currently under investigation by academic and industrial research groups. It is however anticipated that the quantitative potential of CE-DBT is limited, due to the inherent low depth-resolution of limited opening angle DBT modality. CE-bCT with quasi-isotropic spatial resolution and voxel signal intensity proportional to the linear attenuation coefficient is believed to offer more accurate quantitative information, though a low-dose operation is still a challenge.Objectives: The purpose of this thesis has been to study the technical feasibility of CE-bCT and its potential to accurately depict and localize tumors, as well as to provide accurate quantitative morphological and functional imaging information about tumors, at low radiation dose levels. To understand the incremental value of CE-bCT over CE-DBT, the quantitative potential of both technologies have been compared. This investigation has been performed through computer simulations.Methods: At first, a simulation platform capable of modeling various X-ray breast imaging techniques and providing radiographic images of simple and complex computational phantoms was developed and validated. Secondly, an optimization study of a CE-bCT technique based on a dual-energy approach was performed, aiming to maximize image quality of iodine-enhanced and morphological images. Finally, the quantitative potential of CE-bCT and CE-DBT was compared through the assessment of iodine-enhanced lesion detectability, characterization, localization and 3D extent measurement. In a human observer study, depiction and characterization of iodine-enhanced lesions of different sizes, shapes and iodine uptakes was compared between CE-bCT and CE-DBT using a mesh-based anthropomorphic breast phantom.Conclusions: The simulation studies in this PhD thesis suggest that dual-energy iodine-injected CE-bCT could be a feasible technique for breast tumor depiction, localization and characterization, with dose levels comparable to standard mammography. While preliminary comparisons with CE-DBT suggests comparable depiction and characterization performance, the fully 3D information combined with high spatial resolution confirms CE-bCT as an interesting low-dose evolution of CESM toward 3D quantitative assessment of contrast uptakes and potential alternative to.

Download or read book Investigation of Metastatic Breast Tumor Heterogeneity and Progression Using Dual Optical SPECT Imaging Addendum written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of our project was to develop methods to image the processes that occur during tumor growth and metastatic spread or regression including the fate of minimal residual disease. The key to this was through the development of a dual modality imaging system capable of performing both optical and SPECT imaging in mice. To do so it is necessary to test the limits of sensitivity of newly developed techniques: our technical goal is to develop integrated light emission and single photon emission tomography. We have made substantial progress in our techniques for the detection of metastases. We have demonstrated our capability to detect millimeter or sub-millimeter metastases in mice by light emission. To this end we have used Light Emission Tomography (LET) a technique based on bioluminescence of cancer cells transfected with lucifernse to detect metastases in the lung bones and head. We have begun assessment of perfusion using fluorescence imaging. In addibon our technological focus is on the simultaneous use of Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and to this end we have developed a new form of micro-SPECT based on cooled electron-multiplied Charge-Coupled Devices (EMCCDs).

Download or read book Optimizing Near infrared Spectral Tomography for Diagnostic Imaging and Monitoring of Breast Cancer Treatment written by Yan Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) has been intensively investigated for clinical application in breast imaging, by providing functional information about physiologically related biomarkers such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid and scatter component. In this thesis, a series of studies on system development and reconstruction algorithm were completed to improve the imaging quality of MR-guide NIRST and to predicate breast cancer response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. To optimize image recovery which maximizes difference between malignant and benign lesions, non-linear iterative reconstructions of MR-Guided NISRT images were recovered using an L-curve based algorithm, and applied to clinical trial data. The statistical analyses have shown that the new approach dramatically improved the statistical significance for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. While MRI guide NIRST has been utilized to detect breast cancer, NIRST is also used to predicate and monitor breast tumor responses in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Based on an existing hybrid NIRST system developed at Dartmouth, a compact and portable NIRST system has been developed for imaging patients in the infusion unit while patients are awaiting or undergoing infusion. This system can acquire frequency-domain and continuous-wave data simultaneously at 12 wavelengths in the wavelength range of 660nm to 1064nm. Novel soft gel based homogenous and heterogamous tissue-mimicking phantoms with sphere-shape inclusions have been developed, to mimic human breasts. The phantom experiments indicate that the reconstructed optical images highly depend on the position of imaging plane, especially in the case of small inclusions. Tomographic images of breast collagen content have been recovered for the first time, and image reconstruction approaches with and without collagen content included have been validated in simulation studies, which indicate that including collagen content into the reconstruction procedure can significantly reduce the overestimation in total hemoglobin, water and lipid, and underestimates in oxygen saturation. A group of 10 normal subjects were imaged, and significantly higher (p

Download or read book Hybrid PET CT and SPECT CT Imaging written by Dominique Delbeke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-30 with total page 761 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide is a reference source of cases for images obtained on state-of-the-art integrated PET/CT and SPECT/CT imaging systems. It covers the full spectrum of clinical applications, including head and neck tumors, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and genitourinary tumors. In addition a wealth of illustrations reinforce the key teaching points discussed throughout the book.

Download or read book Design Implementation and Characterization of a Dedicated Breast Computed MammoTomography System for Enhanced Lesion Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this work was to design, implement, and characterize a novel dedicated mammotomography system for enhanced lesion detection. This novel system allows fully 3-D imaging of a pendant, uncompressed breast using novel 3-D complex orbit capabilities. A prototype system has been designed, developed, and extensively characterized with a number of figures of merit including SNR, dose efficiency, and contrast sensitivity. Results indicate the potential for sub dual-view dose uncompressed breast imaging. Observer studies have been performed to determine the lower limits of detectibility. Patient bed optimization has also been performed as well as system/bed positioning and tilt angles for optimal chest wall imaging and patient comfort. The outcome of this project is a fully functioning 3D dedicated breast imaging system ready for initial patient studies. In addition, the training provided by this grant has allowed the PI to continue on with further research and development of this system through SBIR and North Carolina state funding with the goal of commercialization.

Download or read book Development of a Dual mode Microwave ultrasound Breast Imaging System written by Hannah Fogel and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis reports on the development and testing of 2-D and 3-D ultrasound (US) breast imaging systems, as well as a novel integrated microwave-ultrasound breast imaging system that uses US-derived prior information to enhance microwave imaging (MWI). The dual-mode system is designed to overcome the challenges present in current breast cancer screening and diagnostic techniques, namely, the use of ionizing radiation, the dependence on a skilled clinician to perform the scan and painful compression of the breast during imaging. The USI systems presented herein utilize a stationary array of transceivers that surround the breast being imaged. Tissue-mimicking phantoms designed to have sound-speeds similar to real breast tissue were developed, and details of their design are reported. Reconstruction results for several 2-D and 3-D phantoms are shown, demonstrating the ability of our USI system to produce quantitative images of the speed of sound inside an object of interest. The integrated dual-mode system makes use of the new 3-D USI system along with an existing air-based MWI system. Features of the dual-mode design include the ability to obtain scattered field measurements for both imaging modalities with little to no movement of the breast, as well as not requiring the breast to be compressed, nor the use of an immersion medium. A workflow for dual-mode imaging has been developed, including the investigation of several techniques for producing and incorporating US-derived prior information into the MW finite-element method contrast source inversion algorithm. Data were obtained using each imaging modality as well as the integrated system for two simple dual-mode breast phantoms, and the resulting quantitative reconstructions shown. The impact of different types of prior information on the MW reconstructions is discussed. An improved ability for tumour-detection using a simple thresholding technique is demonstrated for the dual-mode system, as compared to either system on its own.

Download or read book Improved Mammographic Technique for Breast Cancer Diagnosis written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the entire project period, we have completed the following tasks: (1) Develop computerized breast border detection and classification scheme. (2) Develop and evaluate exposure equalization filters. (3) Monte Carlo modeling of mammographic imaging systems and optimization of imaging techniques. (4) Design and build breast-tissue-equivalent phantoms for x-ray and ultrasound imaging. (5) Evaluate effects of equalization on image quality. (6) Develop a novel combined x-ray equalization and ultrasound imaging system for improved evaluation of dense breasts and mammographic lesions. (7) Design and build a compressible tank and a special compression paddle for combined imaging. (8) Evaluate tissue-equivalent fluids for x-ray equalization and ultrasound coupling. (9) Perform phantom study to evaluate the feasibility of combined imaging. (10) Develop breast density segmentation program for automated localization of dense tissue regions on digitized mammograms. (11) Design and build a prototype motorized ultrasound scanning device for the combined imaging system. These studies are consistent with the goals of our proposed project. Our new approach of using a compressible tank containing tissue-equivalent fluid for x%ay equalization in a prone mammography system provides truly patient-specific equalization for breasts of any size and shape, and for any mammographic view. Our studies indicate that x-ray equalization can improve visibility of breast lesions on mammograms. We also demonstrated that the feasibility of developing a combined x-ray and ultrasound imaging system for improved breast imaging. The capability of allowing ultrasound scanning in the same geometry as mammography has the promise to improve breast cancer detection and diagnosis in dense breasts.

Download or read book Development of Breast MRI Computer aided Diagnosis System written by Ke Nie and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation is to develop analysis techniques to improve the management of breast diseases using 3D MRI. With nearly 20 years of research, breast MRI has finally evolved from a research tool to an important clinical screening modality. Considering the overwhelming 3D information, there is a critical need to develop computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technology to fully utilize the wealth of imaging information. However, there is very limited work in developing "a true CAD" in either commercial products or in the literature. To respond to this need, the first part of the dissertation described the development of a CAD system that is capable of providing intelligent diagnostic impression. Automated computer algorithms were implemented to simulate the entire procedure of radiologists' interpretation from lesion detection to final classification. The second part of the dissertation described mathematical simulation models to understand the impact of environmental constraints on the tumor growth. Previous published models included only functional information, few of them considered the effect of environmental structure. As such, those models were only good for simulating in-vitro growth, and could not be correlated with in vivo phenotypes. A specific model was developed to simulate the growth of cancer in the milk duct by considering the constraint from the ductal membrane. The result was further correlated with the lesion phenotype shown on MRI. Understanding these biological growth patterns may aid in a better diagnosis, and prediction of the presence of invasive component in DCIS. The third part of the dissertation described the analysis of breast tissue environment (commonly referred as "breast density). A computer-based algorithm was developed to segment the fibroglandular tissue and to analyze the morphological distribution of adipose and dense tissue in addition to the mount of dense tissue. A consensus has been reached by the Breast Cancer Prevention Collaborative Group (BCPCG) to incorporate quantitative breast density into cancer risk prediction models. The methods presented here can be used to evaluate the role of the MRI density for risk prediction or as a surrogate marker predicting the effect of hormone related therapies.

Download or read book Diagnostic Breast Imaging written by Sylvia H. Heywang-Köbrunner and published by Georg Thieme Verlag. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompassing the entire spectrum of breast imaging and diagnostics, this acclaimed text provides a systematic and pragmatic guide for all clinicians involved in diagnosing breast disease. The new third edition has been fully updated to include advances in mammography, ultrasound, breast MRI, percutaneous interventions, and emerging technologies, with pros and cons and evidence-based approaches throughout. Special features of the third edition: Coverage of the field, with comprehensive sections on examination procedures and technical requirements; histologic, clinical, and radiologic appearance of a wide range of breast pathologies; results of international screening studies; and much more Nearly 1,200 clear radiographic images showing normal findings, benign and malignant disorders, and post-traumatic, post-surgical, and post-therapeutic changes to the breast Innovations in digital mammography, tomosynthesis, and computer assisted detection (CAD); new chapters on imaging of implants, lesions of uncertain malignant potential, developing technologies; and more A systematic, highly reproducible methodology for detection, diagnosis, and assessment of findings Easy-to-follow flowcharts for the diagnostic work-up of both typical and atypical cases Written by world-renowned authorities with decades of clinical experience, this book provides a brilliant orientation to the multimodality diagnostic approach and therapeutic significance of breast imaging findings. It is an essential reference and board review for radiologists, residents and fellows, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons, technologists, and any other interdisciplinary specialist working to improve outcomes in breast disease.