Download or read book Devaluations Real Exchange Rates and the External Sector written by Sebastian Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exchange Rate Overvaluation and Trade Protection written by Howard J. Shatz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lessons from world experience about the consequences of exchange rate overvaluation (the frequent cause of trade crises), the consequences of trying to defend an overvalued exchange rate, and the most appropriate policies for resolving an overvaluation"--Cover.

Download or read book Exchange Rate Misalignment in Developing Countries written by Sebastian Edwards and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article analyzes the theory of equilibrium real exchange rates and defines misalignment as a deviation of the real exchange rate (RER) from its equilibrium level. The role of macroeconomic policies is then analyzed under three alternative nominal exchange rate regimes: predetermined nominal exchange rates; floating nominal rates; and dual or black market nominal exchange rates. This discussion points out how inconsistent macroeconomic policies often lead to real exchange rate misalignment. Corrective measures, including nominal devaluation and several alternative approaches, are then evaluated.

Download or read book Currency Devaluation in Developing Countries written by Richard N. Cooper and published by Princeton, N.J. : International Finance Section, Princeton University. This book was released on 1971 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Credibility and Exchange Rate Management in Developing Countries written by Pierre-Richard Agénor and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-09-01 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines the role of credibility in the conduct of exchange rate policy in developing countries, The analysis is based on a model in which policymakers are concerned about inflation and external competitiveness. Price setters in the nontraded goods sector of the economy adjust prices in reaction to anticipated fluctuations in the domestic price of tradable goods. This type of model is showm to generate a “devaluation bias” which undermines the credibility of a fixed exchange rate. The effect of reputational factors, signaling considerations, and joining a currency union as possible solutions to this bias is examined.

Download or read book Fiscal and Social Impact of a Nominal Exchange Rate Devaluation in Djibouti written by Paloma Anós Casero and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limited fiscal space limits Djibouti's ability to meet the Millennium Development Goals and improve the living conditions of its population. Djibouti's fiscal structure is unique in that almost 70 percent of government revenue is denominated in foreign currency (import taxes, foreign aid grants, and military revenue) while over 50 percent of government expenditure is denominated in local currency (wages, salaries, and social transfers). Djibouti's economic structure is also unusual in that merchandise exports of local origin are insignificant, and the country relies heavily on imported goods (food, medicines, consumer and capital goods). A currency devaluation, by reducing real wages, could potentially generate additional fiscal space that would help meet Djibouti's fundamental development goals. Using macroeconomic and household level data, the authors quantify the impact of a devaluation of the nominal exchange rate on fiscal savings, real public sector wages, real income, and poverty under various hypothetical scenarios of exchange-rate pass-through and magnitude of devaluation. They find that a currency devaluation could generate fiscal savings in the short-term, but it would have an adverse effect on poverty and income distribution. A 30 percent nominal exchange rate devaluation could generate fiscal savings amounting between 3 and 7 percent of GDP. At the same time, a 30 percent nominal devaluation could cause nearly a fifth of the poorest households to fall below the extreme poverty line and pull the same fraction of upper middle-income households below the national poverty line. The authors also find that currency devaluation could generate net fiscal savings even after accounting for the additional social transfers needed to compensate the poor for their real income loss. However, the absence of formal social safety nets limits the government's readiness to provide well-targeted and timely social transfers to the poor.

Download or read book Balance of Payments Exchange Rates and Competitiveness in Transition Economies written by Mario I. Blejer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating transition economies into the global commercial and trade market system is a prolonged and risky process. This book is a collection of studies dealing with the different issues related to the liberalization of external relations in economies moving from a socialist to a market-based system The focus is on external sector developments, and the topics deal with balance of payments conditions, exchange rate policies and regimes, international competitiveness, international capital flows, trade, and other matters related to the integration of transition economies into the world economy. An understanding of the principles involved and of the experiences of both transition and advanced economies during this process is crucial to ensure its ultimate success. Written by internationally recognized scholars, the chapters cover these issues in a systematic manner. The first section treats current account developments, capital flows, and exchange rate policies in transition countries, the second section deals with specific issues related to international trade, and the final section consists of six specific country experiences. In this final section, a chapter dealing with the Russian Federation discusses the collapse of the ruble in August 1998.

Download or read book Exchange Rate Parity for Trade and Development written by Pan A. Yotopoulos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extends recent theories of incomplete markets to investigate empirically the appropriate balance between the market and the state in the trade relations between developed and developing countries. The conclusion is that in an ideal world government intervention in foreign exchange and trade is necessary in developing countries in the early stages and inevitably decreases as development occurs. Rationing of foreign exchange prevents a 'soft currency distortion' that commonly afflicts developing countries and can turn comparative advantage trade into competitive devaluation trade, with severe losses of income and welfare. Yotopoulos finds that the level of underdevelopment narrowly circumscribes and conditions the extent to which free-market, free-trade, laissez-faire can be beneficial, contrary to the mainstream policy paradigm as currently applied. The analysis and tests draw on empirical research from seventy countries and four extended country studies to confirm the usefulness and validity of the theoretical framework.

Download or read book Exchange rate Devaluation in a Semi industrialized Country written by Carlos Federico Díaz Alejandro and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1966 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argentina. Thesis on the impact of devaluation of the foreign exchange rate on the economy and on the balance of payments - includes economic theory of devaluation, the structure and nature of savings and investment, the problem of inflation, features of foreign trade, monetary policy, etc. Bibliography pp. 196 to 203.

Download or read book External Devaluations written by Sebastian Acevedo Mejia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper investigates whether the macroeconomic effects of external devaluations have systematically different effects in small states, which are typically more open and less diversified than larger peers. Through several analytical approaches -- DSGE model, event study, and regression analysis -- it finds that the effects of devaluation on growth and external balances are not significantly different between small and large states, with both groups equally likely to experience expansionary or contractionary outcomes. However, the transmission channels are different: devaluations in small states are more likely to affect demand through expenditure compression, rather than expenditure-switching channels. In particular, consumption tends to fall more sharply in small states due to adverse income effects, thereby reducing import demand. Policy conclusions point to the importance of social safety nets, complementary wage and antiinflation policies, investment-boosting reforms, and attention to potential adverse balance sheet effects to ensure positive outcomes.

Download or read book Uniform Trade Taxes Devaluation and the Real Exchange Rate written by Stephen A. O'Connell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exchange Rate Rules written by John Williamson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-06-18 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Real and Monetary Determinants of Real Exchange Rate Behavior written by Sebastian Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a dynamic model of real exchange rate behavior in developing countries. A three goods economy (exportables, importables and nontradables) is considered. Residents of this country hold domestic and foreign assets, and there is a dual exchange rate regime. There is a government that consumes importables and nontradables. A distinction is made between equilibrium and disequilibrium movements of the RER. The determinants of real exchange rate misalignment are studied with emphasis placed on the role of devaluations and balance of payments crisis. The implications of the model are tested using data for 12 developing countries. The results obtained are generally favorable for the model. The issue of RER stationarity is also analyzed.

Download or read book A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System written by Michael D. Bordo and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the close of the Second World War, when industrialized nations faced serious trade and financial imbalances, delegates from forty-four countries met in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in order to reconstruct the international monetary system. In this volume, three generations of scholars and policy makers, some of whom participated in the 1944 conference, consider how the Bretton Woods System contributed to unprecedented economic stability and rapid growth for 25 years and discuss the problems that plagued the system and led to its eventual collapse in 1971. The contributors explore adjustment, liquidity, and transmission under the System; the way it affected developing countries; and the role of the International Monetary Fund in maintaining a stable rate. The authors examine the reasons for the System's success and eventual collapse, compare it to subsequent monetary regimes, such as the European Monetary System, and address the possibility of a new fixed exchange rate for today's world.

Download or read book Demanding Devaluation written by David Steinberg and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exchange rate policy has profound consequences for economic development, financial crises, and international political conflict. Some governments in the developing world maintain excessively weak and "undervalued" exchange rates, a policy that promotes export-led development but often heightens tensions with foreign governments. Many other developing countries "overvalue" their exchange rates, which increases consumers’ purchasing power but often reduces economic growth. In Demanding Devaluation, David Steinberg argues that the demands of powerful interest groups often dictate government decisions about the level of the exchange rate. Combining rich qualitative case studies of China, Argentina, South Korea, Mexico, and Iran with cross-national statistical analyses, Steinberg reveals that exchange rate policy is heavily influenced by a country’s domestic political arrangements. Interest group demands influence exchange rate policy, and national institutional structures shape whether interest groups lobby for an undervalued or an overvalued rate. A country’s domestic political system helps determine whether it undervalues its exchange rate and experiences explosive economic growth or if it overvalues its exchange rate and sees its economy stagnate as a result.

Download or read book Some Multi country Evidence on the Effects of Real Exchange Rates on Output written by Steven Kamin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exchange Rate Policy the Real Exchange Rate and Inflation written by Miguel Alberto Kiguel and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attempts to achieve real depreciation through continuous devaluation or by accelerating the rate of crawl - when not supported by changes in other policies and in the underlying conditions - usually end up increasing inflation, yet remain ineffective in changing the real exchange rate.