Download or read book Determining the Source of Fecal Pollution in Urban Streams Through Microbial Source Tracking written by Anna Marie Scopp and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.

Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Michèle Gourmelon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Investigation Into Bacterial Contamination in an Urban Nebraska Stream Using Microbial Source Tracking written by Allison R. Speicher and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High levels of fecal bacteria in surface waters are a public health concern due to the enteric illnesses caused by primary contact with these waters. Shortcomings in the current fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) monitoring approach and the ubiquity of pathogen-impaired water bodies has led to the development of microbial source tracking (MST), a molecular tool that can identify potential fecal contamination sources. In this study we use a bacterial community based approach examining the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to elucidate sources of fecal bacteria in Antelope Creek, an urban creek in Lincoln Nebraska. We hypothesized that sediment from the bed of Antelope Creek and animal wastes near the stream were major sources of the fecal bacteria in dry and wet weather water samples. To test the hypothesis, water from three dry weather events and three storm events was collected in addition to streambed sediment, sanitary sewage, and fecal waste from birds, dogs, small mammals, and horses. A UniFrac multi-variative principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed differences in bacterial communities from sediment and water samples, indicating that sediment is not likely a major contributor of bacteria to dry and wet weather flows. PCoA analysis on the Bacteroidetes phylum revealed strong differences in community composition between water samples and fecal waste from horses, sanitary sewage, geese and dogs. The closest fecal community compositions were found for wastes from small mammals, pigeons, and ducks. Statistical differences were seen in the overall bacterial community and the Bacteroidetes population by sampling date for both dry and wet weather water, while no statistical differences were seen by sampling location. This distinction suggests that environmental or source changes throughout the recreational season (e.g. temperature, sunlight, seasonal animal migration) were the major drivers of the shifts in the bacterial community in Antelope Creek. The absence of a location with consistently high E. coli counts suggests no major point source contribution.

Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking of Bacteroides to Identify Human and Bovine Fecal Loading in McDaniel Lake written by Kalie M. Somerville and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal waste enters waterways from run-off during rain events, and is especially high in agricultural areas due to manure application and livestock. Increased fecal waste may also be due to direct human influence. This fecal loading may lead to eutrophication and poses health hazards to humans. By determining the source of fecal pollution, practices can be implemented to reduce the amount entering waterways. Bacteroides sp. have previously shown high host specificity allows for species-specific identification of fecal sources. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), human-associated and bovine-associated Bacteroides DNA, as well as total Bacteroides DNA can be quantified and concentrations of fecal contamination in lakes and streams can be determined. Amplification control plasmids containing 16S rDNA from human and bovine specific Bacteroides were constructed using TOPO cloning. Samples taken from McDaniel Lake in Springfield, MO Dec. 2013-Dec. 2014 were analyzed with end-point PCR and fecal concentrations determined with qPCR. Quantitative PCR showed increased sensitivity and selectivity, compared to end-point PCR. While Bacteroides sp. were present in all samples, less than 1% of total Bacteroides in McDaniel Lake was identified as human- or bovine-associated Bacteroides for the sample period. The use of qPCR is shown to be a valuable tool in identifying and quantifying fecal inputs and monitoring nonpoint source pollution as urban and agricultural areas encroach on natural systems.

Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Sava River written by Radmila Milačič and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-05 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of environmental aspects of the Sava River, which is the greatest tributary to the Danube River and the major drainage river system of South Eastern Europe. Hydroelectric power plants, river traffic, intensive agricultural activities, heavy industry and floods have considerable influence on the environment and biota in the basin. Summarizing the results that were gathered in the course of EU, bilateral and national projects, the book highlights the most important stressors and helps readers to better understand the impact of anthropogenic activities on the function of river basins. Topics include: transboundary water cooperation between the riparian countries; climate change projection, including its impact on flood hazards; evaluation of anthropogenic pollution sources; pollution of sediments, metal bioavailability and ecotoxicological and microbiological characterization of the river. The biological part also addresses quality aspects related to wildlife in river aquatic ecosystems (algae, macrophytes, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates and fish) and riparian ecosystems (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals). The general state of biodiversity and pressures caused by invasive aquatic species are also discussed.

Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â

Download or read book Watershed Hydrology written by Vijay P. Singh and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Use of Spatial Sampling and Microbial Source tracking Tools for Understanding Fecal Contamination at Two Lake Erie Beaches written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Download or read book Guidelines on recreational water quality Volume 1 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-07-12 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of coastal, estuarine and freshwater recreational environments has significant benefits for health and well-being, including rest, relaxation, exercise, cultural and religious practices, and aesthetic pleasure, while also providing substantial local, regional and national economic benefits. These guidelines focus on water quality management for coastal and freshwater environments to protect public health. The guidelines: 1. describe the current state of knowledge about the possible adverse health impacts of various forms of water pollution; and2. set out recommendations for setting national health-based targets, conducting surveillance and risk assessments, putting in place systems to monitor and control risks, and providing timely advice to users on water safety.These guidelines are aimed at national and local authorities, and other entities with an obligation to exercise due diligence relating to the safety of recreational water sites. They may be implemented in conjunction with other measures for water safety (such as drowning prevention and sun exposure) and measures for environmental protection of recreational water use sites.

Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment written by Charles N. Haas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides the latest QMRA methodologies to determine infection risk cause by either accidental microbial infections or deliberate infections caused by terrorism • Reviews the latest methodologies to quantify at every step of the microbial exposure pathways, from the first release of a pathogen to the actual human infection • Provides techniques on how to gather information, on how each microorganism moves through the environment, how to determine their survival rates on various media, and how people are exposed to the microorganism • Explains how QMRA can be used as a tool to measure the impact of interventions and identify the best policies and practices to protect public health and safety • Includes new information on genetic methods • Techniques use to develop risk models for drinking water, groundwater, recreational water, food and pathogens in the indoor environment

Download or read book Using Microbial Source Tracking to Identify Fecal Contamination Sources in Great South Bay on Long Island New York written by Tristen N. Tagliaferri and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bacterial Genomes written by F.J. de Bruijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide range of microbiologists, molecular biologists, and molecular evolutionary biologists will find this new volume of singular interest. It summarizes the present knowledge about the structure and stability of microbial genomes, and reviews the techniques used to analyze and fingerprint them. Maps of approximately thirty important microbes, along with articles on the construction and relevant features of the maps are included. The volume is not intended as a complete compendium of all information on microbial genomes, but rather focuses on approaches, methods and good examples of the analysis of small genomes.

Download or read book Waterborne Zoonoses written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.