Download or read book Determination of Equilibrium Constants for Complex Ions written by M. Salomon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A non-linear least squares method is presented for the evaluation of equilibrium constants for complex ion formation. An iterative method is used in which the relative error is minimized. Complete descriptions are given for this mathematical analysis. This method was used to calculate the stability constants for silver halide complex ions in propionitrile and in mixtures of propionitrile with sulfur dioxide and for fluoride complexes in an aqueous solution. The results show that the solubility of complex ions is reduced by 2-5 orders of magnitude upon addition of sulfur dioxide to propionitrile. (Author).
Download or read book The Determination of Stability Constants written by Francis J. C. Rossotti and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination and Use of Stability Constants written by Arthur Earl Martell and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes potentiometric methods for determining stability constants and explains how these constants can be used to describe metal ion speciation in complex environmental and biological systems. It also provides three original computer programs on a disk for calculating stability constants and for using stability constants to calculate concentrations of molecular species in solution. The author gives examples of calculations for simple metal chelates, for metal complexes of large organic molecules, and for mixtures containing several metal ions and complexing agents in aqueous solution. They also describe common errors in calculating stability constants and how to avoid them. This carefully revised second edition is now even more useful to the reader, and, in particular, to those who make use of the program disk. Each program has been revised to improve speed, control, and error trapping.
Download or read book Chemistry written by Bruce Averill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science.
Download or read book Instability Constants of Complex Compounds written by K. B. Yatsimirskii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years many research workers have turned their attention to the quantitative characterization of complex compounds and reactions of complex-formation in solution. Instability constants characterize quantitatively the equili bria in solutions of complex compounds and are extensively used by chemists of widely-varying specialities, in analytical chemistry, electrochemistry, the technology of non-ferrous and rare metals, etc., for calculations of various kinds. Despite the wealth of numerical data, no reasonably full coliection of instability constants of complex compounds has been made until now. The various individual collections of data are far from complete and in most cases omit references to the source materials. Moreover, the present state of the chemistry of complex compounds most urgently demands the complete systematization of data on instability constants and an extension of work in this field which would take advantage of the latest physico-chemical methods. The present work contains instability constants for 1,381 complex compounds. We have considered it convenient to preface the summary of the instability constants with an introductory section of a general theoretical character. This section deals with methods for the calculation of instability constants from experimental data, the influence of external conditions, such as temperature and ionic strength, on the stability of com plexes, and the principal factors determining the stability of complex compounds in aqueous solution. (vii) PREFACE In compiling the summary we have used the original litera ture and abstracts for the most part up to 1954, and some work published in 1955-1956.
Download or read book A Critical Review of Equilibrium Data for Proton and Metal Complexes of 1 10 Phenanthroline 2 2 Bipyridyl and Related Compounds written by W.A.E. McBryde and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Critical Review of Equilibrium Data for Proton- and Metal Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline, 2,2'-Bipyridyl and Related Compounds is a compilation of acidity constants for the 1,10-phenanthrolinium and 2,2'-bipyridinium ions and their derivatives, as well as stability constants for metal complexes formed by the conjugate bases of these. These equilibrium data are critically examined. This monograph includes values determined in non-aqueous or mixed solvents, as well as those for a large number of ""mixed"" metal complexes incorporating these bases and a second ligand. The survey also contains known values for the enthalpies and entropies of formation for the proton- and metal-ion complexes. The compilation indicates the conditions under which the equilibrium constants apply and the methods by which they were determined. The acid-base properties of the compounds are represented by the acidity constant of the phenanthrolinium or bipyridinium ion expressed as a pK value. Nearly all the values listed were obtained either potentiometrically or spectrophotometrically, both of which depend fundamentally on measurements of pH or hydrogen-ion concentration. This book will be of value to chemists.
Download or read book A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry Volume 1 written by Mandeep Dalal and published by Dalal Institute. This book was released on 2017-01-01 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced-level textbook of inorganic chemistry for the graduate (B.Sc) and postgraduate (M.Sc) students of Indian and foreign universities. This book is a part of four volume series, entitled "A Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry – Volume I, II, III, IV". CONTENTS: Chapter 1. Stereochemistry and Bonding in Main Group Compounds: VSEPR theory, dπ -pπ bonds, Bent rule and energetic of hybridization. Chapter 2. Metal-Ligand Equilibria in Solution: Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interactions, Trends in stepwise constants, Factors affecting stability of metal complexes with reference to the nature of metal ion and ligand, Chelate effect and its thermodynamic origin, Determination of binary formation constants by pH-metry and spectrophotometry. Chapter 3. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – I: Inert and labile complexes, Mechanisms for ligand replacement reactions, Formation of complexes from aquo ions, Ligand displacement reactions in octahedral complexes- acid hydrolysis, Base hydrolysis, Racemization of tris chelate complexes, Electrophilic attack on ligands. Chapter 4. Reaction Mechanism of Transition Metal Complexes – II: Mechanism of ligand displacement reactions in square planar complexes, The trans effect, Theories of trans effect, Mechanism of electron transfer reactions – types; Outer sphere electron transfer mechanism and inner sphere electron transfer mechanism, Electron exchange. Chapter 5. Isopoly and Heteropoly Acids and Salts: Isopoly and Heteropoly acids and salts of Mo and W: structures of isopoly and heteropoly anions. Chapter 6. Crystal Structures: Structures of some binary and ternary compounds such as fluorite, antifluorite, rutile, antirutile, crystobalite, layer lattices- CdI2, BiI3; ReO3, Mn2O3, corundum, pervoskite, Ilmenite and Calcite. Chapter 7. Metal-Ligand Bonding: Limitation of crystal field theory, Molecular orbital theory, octahedral, tetrahedral or square planar complexes, π-bonding and molecular orbital theory. Chapter 8. Electronic Spectra of Transition Metal Complexes: Spectroscopic ground states, Correlation and spin-orbit coupling in free ions for Ist series of transition metals, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams for transition metal complexes (d1 – d9 states), Calculation of Dq, B and β parameters, Effect of distortion on the d-orbital energy levels, Structural evidence from electronic spectrum, John-Tellar effect, Spectrochemical and nephalauxetic series, Charge transfer spectra, Electronic spectra of molecular addition compounds. Chapter 9. Magantic Properties of Transition Metal Complexes: Elementary theory of magneto - chemistry, Guoy’s method for determination of magnetic susceptibility, Calculation of magnetic moments, Magnetic properties of free ions, Orbital contribution, effect of ligand-field, Application of magneto-chemistry in structure determination, Magnetic exchange coupling and spin state cross over. Chapter 10. Metal Clusters: Structure and bonding in higher boranes, Wade’s rules, Carboranes, Metal Carbonyl Clusters - Low Nuclearity Carbonyl Clusters, Total Electron Count (TEC). Chapter 11. Metal-π Complexes: Metal carbonyls, structure and bonding, Vibrational spectra of metal carbonyls for bonding and structure elucidation, Important reactions of metal carbonyls; Preparation, bonding, structure and important reactions of transition metal nitrosyl, dinitrogen and dioxygen complexes; Tertiary phosphine as ligand.
Download or read book Chemistry 2e written by Paul Flowers and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.
Download or read book Computational Methods for the Determination of Formation Constants written by David J. Leggett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with methods that are available for the calculation of for mation constants, in particular computational procedures. Although graphical meth ods have considerable value in the exploration of primary (raw) data they have been overtaken by computational methods, which, for the most part, take primary data and return the refined formation constants. Graphical methods are now considered com plementary to these general computational procedures. This volume brings together programs that span the lifetime of computer-assisted determination of formation constants. On one hand the reader will find listings of programs that are derived from LETAGROP (b.l961) and the GAUSS-G/SCOGS (b. 1962) families. On the other hand programs are presented that are the newest mem bers of the SCOGS lineage and from the on-going MINIQUAD series. One program is presented that describes a computational approach to the classical Hedstrom Osterberg methods; another that takes care of electrode calibration in a simple yet rigorous manner. Potentiometry and spectrophotometry are the most popular experimental tech niques for equilibrium studies, and the programs in this volume reflect this. Four programs handle potentiometric data, two will process spectrophotometric data, and one makes use of both types of data separately or in combination.
Download or read book Chemistry of Complex Equilibria written by Mihály T. Beck and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1990 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Survey of Stability Constants of EDTA Complexes written by G. Anderegg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Survey of Stability Constants of EDTA Complexes focuses on the computations, values, and characteristics of stability constants. The book emphasizes that for a critical discussion of experimentally determined stability constants, it is important to consider the precision of the values that manifests the self-consistency of the constant, taking into consideration the random errors. The publication reviews the stability constants of metal complexes. The numerical calculations affirm the reactions and transformations of metal ions when exposed to varying conditions. The text also presents a list of enthalpies of reactions with (ethylenedinitrito)tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) obtained by direct calorimetric measurements. The book also notes that in order to identify reliable metal complex stability constants for a ligand, it is important to know the formation constants of protonated species. The text is a dependable reference for readers wanting to dig deeper into the stability constants of EDTA complexes.
Download or read book Qualitative Analysis and Ionic Equilibrium written by George H. Schenk and published by Houghton Mifflin. This book was released on 1985 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A supplement for courses with a qualitative analysis component, this lab manual contains explanations of the chemistry of metal ions and anions. It includes pre-lab exercises, experiments, and lab reports.
Download or read book Chemistry of Complex Equilibria written by Mihály T. Beck and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1990 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Modern Chemistry written by David W. Oxtoby and published by Harcourt Brace College Publishers. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINCIPLES OF MODERN CHEMISTRY has dominated the honors and high mainstream general chemistry courses and is considered the standard for the course. The fifth edition is a substantial revision that maintains the rigor of previous editions but reflects the exciting modern developments taking place in chemistry today. Authors David W. Oxtoby and H. P. Gillis provide a unique approach to learning chemical principles that emphasizes the total scientific process'from observation to application'placing general chemistry into a complete perspective for serious-minded science and engineering students. Chemical principles are illustrated by the use of modern materials, comparable to equipment found in the scientific industry. Students are therefore exposed to chemistry and its applications beyond the classroom. This text is perfect for those instructors who are looking for a more advanced general chemistry textbook.
Download or read book Instability Constants of Complex Compounds written by Konstantin Borisovich I︠A︡t︠s︡imirskiĭ and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Iron III Thiocyanate Reaction written by Kevin C. de Berg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief presents an historical investigation into the reaction between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions, which has been viewed in different ways throughout the last two centuries. Historically, the reaction was used in chemical analysis and to highlight the nature of chemical reactions, the laws of chemistry, models and theories of chemistry, chemical nomenclature, mathematics and data analysis, and instrumentation, which are important ingredients of what one might call the nature of chemistry. Using the history of the iron(III) thiocyanate reaction as a basis, the book’s main objective is to explore how chemistry develops its own knowledge base; how it assesses the reliability of that base; and how some important tools of the trade have been brought to bear on a chemical reaction to achieve understanding, a worthwhile goal of any historical investigation.
Download or read book General Chemistry written by Ralph H. Petrucci and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
