Download or read book Detection Rats written by Rosie Albright and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2012-01-15 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces detection rats, most of which are African pouched rats, the largest rat in the world, and explains that rats can be trained to find land mines and dangerous diseases.
Download or read book Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience written by Jerry J. Buccafusco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-29 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic
Download or read book Mine Detection Rats written by Amanda M. Mahoney and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, giant African pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) have been used successfully for detecting landmines in Mozambique. The rats are trained to detect mines through the use of operant conditioning techniques, in which the indicator response (stopping and digging) is rewarded (reinforced) with food when it occurs within one meter of a landmine and not rewarded when it occurs under other circumstances. Because handlers do not know the location of landmines when the rats are used operationally, and therefore cannot ascertain if an indication response is correct (near a mine) or incorrect, no rewards are delivered in actual demining. That is, in operational use the rats work under extinction conditions. The present study, conducted on a training minefield in Tanzania, evaluated the effects of repeated extinction on the performance of nine rats trained to detect landmines. Five rats worked in boxes (100 m2 areas) with one mine and four rats worked in boxes with four mines. Accuracy (percent mines detected) was good when rewards were provided but declined fairly quickly under extinction conditions and recovered slowly when rewards were reinstated. Arranging parallel training sessions in which rewards were provided lessened the deleterious effects of extinction. These findings suggest that it is unwise to use Cricetomys as mine detection animals for long periods under extinction conditions and that arranging parallel reward training sessions, as is done in actual demining, is an effective solution to lessening extinction effects.
Download or read book Landmine Monitor Report written by and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Influences of TNT food Pairings on the Performance of Mine Detection Rats in Early Training Stages written by Timothy L. Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling, a Belgian nongovernmental organization headquartered in Tanzania, trains giant African pouched rats to detect land mines and deploys the rats for operational use in countries afflicted with mines and explosive remnants of war. In the present study an evaluation of the influence of ongoing scent-food pairings on the performance of the rats in early mine detection training was conducted. Twenty young rats in APOPO's mine detection rat program were divided into two groups and exposed to five daily stimulus food pairing sessions each week. For the experimental group the stimulus was the scent of TNT, an explosive commonly found in land mines. For the control group the stimulus was the scent of sugar. The influence of the respondent conditioning procedure on performance during early training was evaluated by examining key performance indicators throughout the early training process. Measures included latency to arrival at the TNT target, duration of the detection response, number of false indications, and number of days required to complete early training. Only one of the measures was associated with a statistically significant outcome. However, the group exposed to TNT food pairings consistently outperformed the control group throughout early training, suggesting that such pairings may have a small positive influence on performance in early scent discrimination training. Because of the small effect sizes and the predominance of statistically non significant findings, the pairings have not been incorporated into APOPO's standard operating procedures for training of mine detection rats.
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-02-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.
Download or read book Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-10-30 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: US/Japan meetings on laboratory animal science have been held virtually every year since 1980 under the US/Japan Cooperative Program on Science and Technology. Over the years these meetings have resulted in a number of important documents including the Manual of Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals published in 1994 and the article Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats for General Purposes. In addition to these publications, the meetings have been instrumental in increasing awareness of the need for microbiologic monitoring of laboratory rodents and the need for genetic definition and monitoring of mice and rats. In cooperation with the Comparative Medicine section of NCRR/NIH, the ILAR Council and staff are pleased to become the host for this important annual meeting and look forward to participating in future meetings. The support and sponsorship of NCRR (P40 RR 11611) in the United States and the Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Japan are gratefully acknowledged. Bringing together the leading scientists in the field of laboratory animal care has resulted in increased understanding of American and Japanese approaches to laboratory animal science and should continue to strengthen efforts to harmonize approaches aimed at resolving common challenges in the use of animal models for biomedical research and testing. This effort to improve understanding and cooperation between Japan and the United States should also be useful in developing similar interaction with other regions of the world including Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia.
Download or read book Investigation of Behaviorally Modified Rats for Use in Explosives Detection Systems written by Raymond Vincent Nolan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detection Probability of Invasive Ship Rats written by Helen Nathan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detection of cryptic animal species in the wild often relies on the use of passive detection devices, which require an animal to physically interact with the device in order to be detected. However, these devices imperfectly detect animals; some individuals may be present, but not detected. Estimating the proportion of individuals that are successfully detected using the sampling methodology, or the detection probability, therefore becomes essential where robust inference on population parameters across time and space is required. Despite this crucial importance, detection probability is usually considered to be a nuisance parameter; something which must be accounted for, but is not of interest in itself. In this thesis, I advance the argument that detection probability is not merely a nuisance parameter, but is itself a worthy topic of study, with biological and environmental casual mechanisms, and practical applications. In the context of invasive species management in particular, probability of detection is a ratelimiting parameter which essentially describes the effectiveness of management tools and techniques. This thesis provides a detailed analysis of detection probability of the invasive ship rat (Rattus rattus), one of the world's worst invasive species. I used camera traps and electronic identity loggers to collect a large dataset of ship rat encounters and interactions with three types of detection device in northern New Zealand forest. In addition, home range areas and centres were estimated, using location data from VHF radio-collared rats. I used these data to estimate the component parameters of detection probability; namely the probability that a rat would encounter a device, and the probability that a rat would interact with a device upon encounter. I found that encounter probability could be described by a predictive model, with distance from home range centre as the primary predictor variable, and individual rat identity and device location as highly significant random effects moderating the response. Probability of interaction varied significantly among the different device types studied, and was also highly variable among individual rats and individual device locations. Finally, my estimates of encounter and interaction probabilities were used to inform a simulation study which predicted detection outcomes of a variety of management scenarios. The key finding of my simulations was that factors which influence the rate of encounter were more important determinants of population-level detection outcomes than factors influencing device interaction rates. Therefore, research and management effort aimed at increasing the likelihood that rats will encounter devices will generally be more impactful than effort to increase interaction probability.
Download or read book Investigation of Behaviorally Modified Rats for Use in Explosives Detection Systems written by Raymond Vincent Nolan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Download or read book Wildlife Abstracts written by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book Handbook of Exotic Pet Medicine written by Marie Kubiak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Easy-to-use, comprehensive reference covering the less common species encountered in general veterinary practice Handbook of Exotic Pet Medicine provides easy-to-access, detailed information on a wide variety of exotic species that can be encountered in general veterinary practice. Offering excellent coverage of topics such as basic techniques, preventative health measures, and a formulary for each species, each chapter uses the same easy-to-follow format so that users can find information quickly while working in the clinic. Presented in full colour, with over 400 photographs, the book gives small animal practitioners the confidence to handle and treat more familiar pets such as budgerigars, African grey parrots, bearded dragons, corn snakes, tortoises, pygmy hedgehogs, hamsters and rats. Other species that may be presented less frequently including skunks, marmosets, sugar gliders, koi carp, chameleons and terrapins are also covered in detail to enable clinicians to quickly access relevant information. Provides comprehensive coverage of many exotic pet species that veterinarians may encounter in general practice situations Presents evidence-based discussions of topics including biological parameters, husbandry, clinical evaluation, hospitalization requirements, common medical and surgical conditions, radiographic imaging, and more The Handbook of Exotic Pet Medicine is an ideal one-stop reference for the busy general practitioner seeing the occasional exotic animal, veterinary surgeons with an established exotic animal caseload, veterinary students and veterinary nurses wishing to further their knowledge.
Download or read book Microbial and Phenotypic Definition of Rats and Mice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-26 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: US-Japan meetings on laboratory animal science have been held virtually every year since 1980 under the US-Japan Cooperative Program on Science and Technology. Over the years these meetings have resulted in a number of important documents including the Manual of Microbiologic of Monitoring of Laboratory Animals published in 1994 and the article Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats for General Purposes published in 1991. In addition to these publications, these meetings have been instrumental in increasing awareness of the need for microbiologic monitoring of laboratory rodents and the need for genetic definition and monitoring of mice and rats.
Download or read book Test No 488 Transgenic Rodent Somatic and Germ Cell Gene Mutation Assays written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Test Guideline describes an in vivo assay that detects chemicals that may induce gene mutations. In this assay, transgenic rats or mice that contain multiple copies of chromosomally integrated plasmid or phage shuttle vectors are used. The ...
