Download or read book Detection of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Ambient Air at a Wastewater Treatment Facility in Tampa Florida written by Brenda L. White and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this study was to quantify the ambient air concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from three locations within the Howard Curren Wastewater Treatment Facility located in Tampa, Florida. PBDEs have been linked to endocrine disruption, cancer, developmental concerns in children, as well as other toxic effects; however their precise roles concerning these deleterious effects remains to be determined. The present study was motivated by these potential health concerns posed by inhalational exposure to PBDEs. Ambient air was monitored with a Tisch Environmental PUF high volume sampler for 48 hours with collection on three types of media-quarts filter, PUF (polyurethane foam) and XAD-2 resin. The samples were then analyzed with GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) for eight PBDEs that are routinely detected. The results showed elevated levels of PBDEs at the 2nd and 3rd sampling locations indicating a possible increased presence in the ambient air at the facility. Levels of PBDE 47 ranked highest amongst the detected congeners. PBDE 209 was not detected at any site. The present results indicate that PBDEs may lead to an inhalational exposure, thus future experimentation is needed to fully evaluate the health complications associated with inhalational exposure route to PBDEs.

Download or read book Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs in Indoor and Outdoor Environments written by Dudsadee Muenhor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polybrominated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers During Wastewater Treatment Process Producing Reclaimed Water written by Kristy Siegel and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge was found to carry the largest mass loading at 14.2 lb/day (sum7)PBDE. Of the total mass loading of PBDEs from the WWTP, sludge is responsible for 86.7%, followed by reclaimed water and effluent (11.7% and 1.6%, respectively). The mass loading from air was negligible with less than 0.01% contribution to the total mass loading. Whereas reclaimed water overall had higher PBDE congener mean concentrations than the effluent, the independent samples t-test found no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The results of this study can be used to improve the wastewater treatment process to reduce the impact of PBDEs being released into the environment by WWTPs, and to educate the public on utilizing reclaimed water in a safe and healthy manner.

Download or read book Transport and Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Baltic and Arctic Regions written by Anna Palm and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediments Within the Hillsborough Bay Watershed written by Candice Simmons and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a widely used class of flame retardants that are important sources for contamination in the marine environment. Sediments serve as a large reservoir for PBDEs due to their large sorption capacity. This research assessed the presence and distribution of PBDEs in Hillsborough Bay, a subdivision of Tampa Bay, FL, by determining levels in surface sediment samples, creating a historical profile of the contaminant in a sediment core taken from within the bay, and investigating sediment characteristics that control their distribution. Compositional patterns and temporal distributions of 8 of the 209 congeners of PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183 and 209) were determined in sediment surface samples and a sediment core collected throughout the study area. Contaminant concentrations varied spatially due to proximity to sources and the spatial variability of physical processes that suspend or remove contaminants from the water column. Concentrations in the bay also varied in time with factors such as wind, precipitation, and subsequent freshwater runoff. PBDE contamination in surficial sediments from various regions of Tampa Bay is not well correlated with sediment grain size or organic matter content, but these factors may be more important in suspended sediments which may control the fate of these contaminants in the bay. The results from this investigation can be used in understanding the extent of PBDE pollution, identifying sources, as well as implementing management strategies for Hillsborough Bay.

Download or read book Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs in Sediment and Biota written by L. Webster and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Detection and Management of Emerging Chemical Threats written by Rebecca Marie Jensen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs as Emerging Environmental Pollutants written by Elizabeth Ndunda and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution has been a challenging phenomenon in most developing countries, due to the weak enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result, humans and animals are exposed to different environmental pollutants, which threaten their very existence. Some of the emerging pollutants of great concern are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) since they are categorized as probable human carcinogens and are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of animals and humans, reaching toxic levels upon continued exposure. Monitoring of these pollutants is therefore paramount as it contributes to addressing the problem of human exposure and environmental pollution. Their monitoring involves sample preparation methods followed by quantification with various detection techniques. Sample preparation methods that aim at reducing matrix interferences, enriching analytes and transfer of analytes to a desirable solvent, have evolved from conventional methods to advanced methods that facilitate the detection of these chemicals at very low concentrations. Likewise, detection techniques have advanced from chromatographic detection techniques to miniaturized systems that involve sensors. This chapter discusses PBDEs as emerging pollutants, their sources, and toxicological implications on humans, as well as advances in sample preparation methods and detection techniques in the determination of PBDEs.

Download or read book Determination of Select Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Methoxylated Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sediment Cores from Two Inland Lakes in Michigan written by Patrick William Bradley and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chapter Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers PBDEs as Emerging Environmental Pollutants Advances in Sample Preparation and Detection Techniques written by Japheth M. Nzangya and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental pollution has been a challenging phenomenon in most developing countries, due to the weak enforcement of environmental regulations. As a result, humans and animals are exposed to different environmental pollutants, which threaten their very existence. Some of the emerging pollutants of great concern are polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) since they are categorized as probable human carcinogens and are also known to bioaccumulate in fatty tissues of animals and humans, reaching toxic levels upon continued exposure. Monitoring of these pollutants is therefore paramount as it contributes to addressing the problem of human exposure and environmental pollution. Their monitoring involves sample preparation methods followed by quantification with various detection techniques. Sample preparation methods that aim at reducing matrix interferences, enriching analytes and transfer of analytes to a desirable solvent, have evolved from conventional methods to advanced methods that facilitate the detection of these chemicals at very low concentrations. Likewise, detection techniques have advanced from chromatographic detection techniques to miniaturized systems that involve sensors. This chapter discusses PBDEs as emerging pollutants, their sources, and toxicological implications on humans, as well as advances in sample preparation methods and detection techniques in the determination of PBDEs.

Download or read book Baseline Studies of Selected Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Air of the Nandamojo Watershed Costa Rica written by Mary Sophia Geesey and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study suggests that the spatial and temporal distribution patterns observed are strongly related to anthropogenic activities and presence of a population similar to that observed in other studies. The presence of PBDEs has become a global issue and, as such, these results provide background information on air concentrations of PBDEs for use in a global-scale multimedia model. In order to monitor PBDEs globally, it is imperative to implement and/or expand surveillance programs internationally.

Download or read book Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Disturb Neural Development in Mice and Men written by Sebastian Timm Schreiber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent and bioaccumulative flame retardants that are of concern as they are ubiquitous and potentially toxic; and they have been found at rapidly rising levels in humans during the past few decades. The greatest concern of PBDEs for potential adverse health effects relates to their developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Various PBDE congeners caused behavioral alterations like hyperactivity and disrupted performance in learning and memory tests in perinatally exposed mice and rats. To facilitate hazard assessment for humans, the impact of PBDEs on human and murine neurodevelopment in vitro and the mechanisms underlying these changes were investigated.

Download or read book Assessing Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polyfluorinated Compounds from Diet and the Indoor Environment written by Alicia June Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This dissertation examines exposure of the general population to two classes of persistent organic pollutants, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs), both of which are used in consumer products. Exposure is known to occur in the indoor environment and via diet, though the relative contribution of different exposure pathways and microenvironments to human body burdens is poorly understood. Chapter 2 investigates the association between diet and serum concentrations of PBDEs in the general U.S. population The study sample consists of 1,971 participants of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using both a 24-hour food recall and a 1-year food frequency questionnaire, food categories were examined as predictors of five PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, and 153), and their sum (ΣPBDE) while adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and BMI. Consumption of poultry and red meat contributed significantly to PBDE body burdens and vegetarians had 25% lower ΣPBDE serum concentrations than omnivores. Chapters 3 and 4 investigate the role of indoor air and dust exposure to PFC body burdens among 31 individuals living and working in Boston, MA. Week-long, active air samples were collected from participant offices while dust samples were collected from offices, homes, and vehicles. Air samples were measured for the volatile PFC precursor compounds fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), sulfonamides (FOSAs), and sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs). Dust samples were analyzed for 19 PFCs, including perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), FTOHs, FOSAs, and FOSEs. Serum samples were also collected from participants and analyzed for eight PFCs including PFOA and PFOS. FTOH concentrations in office air, particularly 8:2-FTOH, were much higher than FOSAs and FOSEs, and varied by building with the highest levels observed in a newly constructed and newly furnished building. FTOHs in air were significantly associated with PFOA in serum. PFOS in serum was not associated with air levels of FOSAs/FOSEs. PFC concentrations in dust varied by microenvironment and, in general, were found to be highest in offices and not associated with PFCs in serum. In conclusion, diet is an important exposure pathway for PBDEs, and office air may be an important contributor to PFOA body burden.

Download or read book Development of a Methodology for the Analysis of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Sewage Treatment Works written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emerging Contaminant written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An "emerging contaminant" is a chemical or material that is characterized by a perceived, potential, or real threat to human health or the environment or a lack of published health standards. A contaminant may also be "emerging" because a new source or a new pathway to humans has been discovered or a new detection method or treatment technology has been developed. These fact sheets, developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal Facilities Restoration and Reuse Office (FFRRO), provides brief summaries for emerging contaminants.

Download or read book Transport and Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Baltic and Arctic Regions written by Nordic Council of Ministers and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, concern has been raised regarding the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) due to its increased environmental occurrence and its possible toxicological impact in humans and wildlife. As a result, two of the commercial PBDE products have recently been banned within the EU, while the use of the third product (DecaBDE) is still approved. A dynamic, fugacity-based, regional multimedia fate and transport model (POPCYCLING-Baltic) has been used to assess the historical behaviour and the potential future fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), exemplifying different emission scenarios following the introduction of restricting measures. The past, current and future consumption and emission of PBDEs were estimated, and the environmental fate of individual compounds was modelled. The possible impact on the Arctic region is also discussed. Uncertainties in the estimates and data gaps were identified