Download or read book El empleo en crisis written by Joana Silva and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: • Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; • Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and • Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.
Download or read book Constituci n de Brasil de 1988 written by Autores varios and published by Linkgua. This book was released on 2022-12-10 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: El 5 de octubre de 1988, se promulgó la Constitución de Brasil de 1988 o Constitución de la República federativa de Brasil, la cual también fue conocida como la Constitución Ciudadana. Este texto tiene vigencia en la actualidad y fue elaborado por la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, compuesta por 559 diputados, y presidida por Ulysses Guimãres. La Constitución Federal de 1988 estableció que la República Federativa del Brasil se constituyera como un Estado Democrático de Derecho, inaugurando una nueva era en el constitucionalismo brasileño, rompiendo el ciclo autoritario que dominó el país de 1964 hasta mediados de la década de los ochenta. Su estructura difiere de las constituciones anteriores. Comprende nueve títulos, que tratan: 1) de los principios fundamentales; 2) de los derechos y garantías fundamentales, según una perspectiva moderna y que abarca los derechos individuales y colectivos, los derechos sociales de los trabajadores, la nacionalidad, los derechos políticos y de los partidos políticos; 3) de la organización del Estado, en la que estructura a la federación con sus componentes; 4) de la organización de los poderes: Poder Legislativo, Poder Ejecutivo y Poder Judicial, con la manutención del sistema presidencialista, derrotado el parlamentarismo. Contiene, además, un capítulo sobre las funciones esenciales de la Justicia, con ministerio público, abogacía pública (de la Unión y de los Estados), abogacía privada y defensa pública; 5) de la defensa del Estado y de las instituciones democráticas, con mecanismos del estado de defensa, del estado de sitio y de la seguridad pública; 6) de la tributación y del presupuesto; 7) del orden económico y financiero; 8) del orden social; 9) de las disposiciones generales. Finalmente, viene el Acto de las Disposiciones Transitorias. Ese contenido se distribuye en 245 artículos en la parte permanente, y 73 artículos más en la parte transitoria, reunidos en capítulos, secciones y sub-secciones.
Download or read book Estudio Econ mico de Am rica Latina Y El Caribe written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bolet n de Estad sticas Del Trabajo written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perspectivas econ micas Las Am ricas Octubre de 2024 written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-10-25 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tras sortear con éxito una serie de shocks, la mayoría de los países de la región están convergiendo hacia su (débil) crecimiento potencial. Se prevé que el crecimiento se modere a finales de 2024 y en 2025, al tiempo que se proyecta que la inflación continúe remitiendo, pero gradualmente. Con las brechas del producto mayormente cerradas y con la inflación próxima a los niveles fijados como meta en la mayoría de los casos, se debe proceder a recalibrar las políticas. La consolidación fiscal debe avanzar sin demora para reconstruir los márgenes de maniobra, protegiendo al mismo tiempo la inversión pública prioritaria y el gasto social. La mayoría de los bancos centrales están en condiciones de proceder a la relajación monetaria, de forma que se logre un equilibrio entre eludir el riesgo de nuevas presiones sobre los precios y evitar una contracción económica excesiva. A mediano plazo, se prevé que el crecimiento permanezca cerca de su bajo promedio histórico, a causa de problemas pendientes desde hace bastante tiempo. Continuar con las reformas estructurales será fundamental para estimular el crecimiento potencial y elevar los niveles de vida.
Download or read book La evoluci n geogr fica de la productividad y el empleo written by Elena Ianchovichina and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2024-03-19 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo: Ideas para lograr un crecimiento inclusivo a través de una perspectiva territorial en América Latina y el Caribe se utiliza una perspectiva territorial para comprender las tasas de crecimiento económico persistentemente bajas de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Utilizando nuevos datos y métodos, se muestra que la desindustrialización, la distancia y las divisiones son factores interrelacionados que explican la paradoja de la productividad urbana en ALC, a saber: las ciudades densamente pobladas deberían estar entre las más productivas del mundo, pero no lo están. Las ciudades de ALC se han visto frenadas por la falta de dinamismo, la mala conectividad y las divisiones en barrios pobres y prósperos desconectados. A causa de la desindustrialización, el empleo urbano se ha desplazado, especialmente en las ciudades más grandes de la región, de las manufacturas a actividades no comercializables menos dinámicas y de baja productividad, como el comercio minorista y los servicios personales y de otra índole, que se benefician menos con la aglomeración, sobre todo en ciudades muy congestionadas. Si bien el empleo en el sector de los servicios comercializables urbanos ha aumentado, el alza ha sido lo suficientemente firme como para compensar la disminución del empleo en el sector manufacturero. Al mismo tiempo, los problemas de conectividad interurbana han menoscabado el desempeño de la red de ciudades de la región, dado que restringen el acceso a los mercados y la capacidad de las empresas para beneficiarse de la especialización reubicándose en ciudades más pequeñas. Dentro de las ciudades, la conectividad deficiente y la segregación del mercado laboral residencial han limitado los beneficios de la aglomeración a los vecindarios de los distritos comerciales centrales donde operan las empresas formales. La informalidad ha persistido en los barrios de bajos ingresos, cuyos habitantes enfrentan múltiples privaciones. En cambio, muchas zonas agrícolas y mineras se han beneficiado con la fuerte demanda de productos básicos por parte de China y otras economías de rápido crecimiento, particularmente durante la década dorada (2003-13), lo que llevó a una disminución de la desigualdad territorial en la mayoría de los países de la región. Se concluye que, para fomentar el crecimiento inclusivo, los países deben transformar más eficientemente la riqueza natural en capital humano, infraestructura e instituciones, y mejorar la competitividad de la economía urbana. En tal sentido, se esbozan los contornos de dicha strategia de desarrollo, identificando las prioridades en materia de políticas a nivel nacional, regional y local.
Download or read book Cuadernos de econom a written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Textile Workers in Brazil and Argentina written by Liliana Acero and published by United Nations University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Las instituciones laborales frente a los cambios en Am rica Latina written by José B. Figueiredo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brazil written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Revenue Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean 2021 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compiles comparable tax revenue statistics over the period 1990-2019 for 27 Latin American and Caribbean economies. Based on the OECD Revenue Statistics database, it applies the OECD methodology to countries in Latin America and the Caribbean to enable comparison of tax levels and tax structures on a consistent basis, both among the economies of the region and with other economies.
Download or read book Investment in Health written by and published by Pan American Health Org. This book was released on 2001 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication considers the final reports of three research projects that explored how investing in health can benefit economic growth, household productivity, and poverty reduction in Latin America and the Caribbean. It contains case studies of health systems and policies in a number of countries including Brazil, Jamaica, Mexico and Peru; as well as a review of experiences from other regions in the world regarding health inequalities and poverty alleviation.
Download or read book A Rendezvous with My Professional Destiny written by Belmont F. Haydel Ph.D and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2003-11-14 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The books title is not an accident, as Belmont Haydel feels strongly about A Rendezvous with My Professional Destiny. Providence took him to Latin America and other places around the world in macro-economic pursuits. He found his work as an accountant, a military officer, and a diplomat not adequately fulfilling. Gods enlightenment directed him to higher education, where he spent most of his professional years. This book portrays his life through writings, speeches, and service in his chosen fields -- thus, Making a Difference with people and their lives. A compilation of Haydels academic papers and professional works, with selected themes portrayed in eight chapters, is not intended to be a professional autobiography; it constitutes a memoir, which also delves into some of the authors non-professional experiences. The book serves as an historical reference for practitioners and scholars in international business and economics, as well as strategic management and business policy. This digest of the authors works and achievements is intended as an inspirational piece for young people seeking similar professions. Its content also sheds light on a small fragment of history, thus useful to professionals in the scholarly community. This book is not comprehensive; such a volume would be overwhelming. Colleagues and former students contribute their thoughts in the Epilogue Expression section. Dr. Ruben Armiana, President, Sonoma State University, said, Working closely with Belmont, I learned to appreciate his deep commitment to a just and ethical society. this book, which encompasses over 40 years of Belmonts distinguished work in the diplomatic service, business, academics, and consulting, makes significant contributions to the body of literature of several disciplines. Ehab Al-Shihabi, CPA, Manager, KPMG Consulting, wrote, The most important day of my life occurred when I met Dr. Haydel in 1993, while I was an undergraduate student at the University of Jordan We often discuss economics, world affairs, science, religion [his knowledge of Islam I am a Muslim and Christian/Judaeo concepts is astonishing], politics, and law. His wisdom and vision for the future have helped me shape my life. From another reference, Michael Skol, former U.S. Foreign Service Officer and U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela, remarked, This is no mere eyewitness account. It is a chronicle of how one intelligent and broad-minded American served his country and, at the same time, his own spiritual development throughout a distinguished multi-level career. The notable personalities and events are familiar; what is new and intriguing is how Belmont Haydels own unique personality intersected with all that history and led to making some of his own. This compendium includes abstracts of Haydels Masters thesis (Finance and Economics) and Ph.D. dissertation (Management -- Organization Theory & Policy), which are relevant to socio-economic conditions today. Destiny carried him into international affairs, including diplomacy as a U.S. Foreign Service Officer, and academia. He presents his views and research on strategic management of multinational corporations and corporate social responsibility. He traces aspects of his Fulbright experiences in Uruguay (1989) and Jordan (1993), where he lived and worked, continuing to make a difference. Haydel discusses his experiences as a diplomat in the 1960s, as presidential appointee of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, reflecting the economic tenor of the times, while he fulfilled assignments in the American Embassy, Rio de Janeiro, as vice-consul; the American Consulate General, So Paulo, as commercial attach; and the American Embassy, Buenos Aires, as economic/commercial officer. He presents segments of his economic reporting and commercial and investment pursuits of American businesses, along with his experiences during his protocol ass
Download or read book A Rendezvous with My Professional Destiny written by Belmont F. Haydel and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2003-11-14 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Working closely with Belmont I learned to appreciate his deep commitment to a just and ethical society. He has a deep devotion to the principles of a democratic society and a passion for education. I know that this book, which encompasses over 40 years of Belmont's distinguished work in the diplomatic service, business, academics, and consulting, makes significant contributions to the body of literature of several disciplines. His international business papers are of special interest as they truly develop important theories and actions for international commerce and social responsibility."—Ruben Armiñana, Ph. D., President, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA."Seldom does one have the opportunity to share in the experiences of a true American diplomat like Belmont Haydel, who has made this book a personal read on the 'business' of international enterprise and government relations. The reader will be captivated by the interpersonal observations of Dr. Haydel's students, friends, and professional associates, as they draw from what he has taught them. The essence of this book comes from understanding what it takes to be a diplomat in good and bad times. This work is timely, given the uncertainty of the present international scenario."—Roy A. Herberger, Jr., Ph. D., President, "Thunderbird, " The American Graduate School of International Management, Glendale, AZ."This no mere eyewitness account. It is a chronicle of how one intelligent and broad-minded American served his country and, at the same time, his own spiritual development throughout a distinguished multi-level career. The notable personalities and events are familiar; what is new and intriguing is how Belmont Haydel's own unique personality intersected with all that history and led to making some of his own."—Michael Skol, former U. S. Ambassador to Venezuela and Assistant Secretary of State for Latin America
Download or read book Inter American Yearbook on Human Rights Anuario Interamericano de Derechos Humanos Volume 36 2020 VOLUME III written by Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Yearbook aims to contribute to a greater awareness of the functions and activities of the organs of the Inter-American system for the protection of human rights. The Yearbook is partly published as an English-Spanish bilingual edition. NB: This book is part of a three volume set. Each volume should be ordered separately!Vol 1 isbn 978-90-04-44560-4Vol 2 isbn 978-90-04-50440-0Vol 3 isbn 978-90-04-50991-7
