Download or read book Defect Reduction in 112 O A plane GaN by Two stage Epitaxiallateral Overgrowth written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of (11{bar 2}0) a-plane GaN, the uneven growth rates of two opposing wings, Ga- and N-wings, makes the coalescence of two neighboring wings more difficult than that in c-plane GaN. We report a two-stage growth method to get uniformly coalesced epitaxial lateral overgrown a-plane GaN using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) by employing relatively lower growth temperature in the first step followed by enhanced lateral growth in the second. Using this method, the height differences between Ga-polar and N-polar wings at the coalescence front could be reduced, thereby making the coalescence of two wings much easier. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the threading dislocation density in the wing areas was 1.0x108cm−2, more than two orders of magnitude lower than that in the window areas (4.2x101°cm−2). However, high density of basal stacking faults of 1.2x104 cm-1 was still observed in the wing areas as compared to c-plane GaN. Atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence measurements on the coalesced ELO a-GaN sample also indicated improved material quality.
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Download or read book III Nitride Based Light Emitting Diodes and Applications written by Tae-Yeon Seong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-18 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised edition of this important book presents updated and expanded coverage of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on heteroepitaxial GaN on Si substrates, and includes new chapters on tunnel junction LEDs, green/yellow LEDs, and ultraviolet LEDs. Over the last two decades, significant progress has been made in the growth, doping and processing technologies of III-nitride based semiconductors, leading to considerable expectations for nitride semiconductors across a wide range of applications. LEDs are already used in traffic signals, signage lighting, and automotive applications, with the ultimate goal of the global replacement of traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamps, thus reducing energy consumption and cutting down on carbon-dioxide emission. However, some critical issues must be addressed to allow the further improvements required for the large-scale realization of solid-state lighting, and this book aims to provide the readers with details of some contemporary issues on which the performance of LEDs is seriously dependent. Most importantly, it describes why there must be a breakthrough in the growth of high-quality nitride semiconductor epitaxial layers with a low density of dislocations, in particular, in the growth of Al-rich and In-rich GaN-based semiconductors. The quality of materials is directly dependent on the substrates used, such as sapphire and Si, and the book discusses these as well as topics such as efficiency droop, growth in different orientations, polarization, and chip processing and packaging technologies. Offering an overview of the state of the art in III-Nitride LED science and technology, the book will be a core reference for researchers and engineers involved with the developments of solid state lighting, and required reading for students entering the field.
Download or read book Nitride Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material and Electronic Devices written by Yue Hao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically introduces physical characteristics and implementations of III-nitride wide bandgap semiconductor materials and electronic devices, with an emphasis on high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). The properties of nitride semiconductors make the material very suitable for electronic devices used in microwave power amplification, high-voltage switches, and high-speed digital integrated circuits.
Download or read book Flat Panel Display Manufacturing written by Jun Souk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive introduction to the engineering and manufacture of current and next-generation flat panel displays This book provides a broad overview of the manufacturing of flat panel displays, with a particular emphasis on the display systems at the forefront of the current mobile device revolution. It is structured to cover a broad spectrum of topics within the unifying theme of display systems manufacturing. An important theme of this book is treating displays as systems, which expands the scope beyond the technologies and manufacturing of traditional display panels (LCD and OLED) to also include key components for mobile device applications, such as flexible OLED, thin LCD backlights, as well as the manufacturing of display module assemblies. Flat Panel Display Manufacturing fills an important gap in the current book literature describing the state of the art in display manufacturing for today's displays, and looks to create a reference the development of next generation displays. The editorial team brings a broad and deep perspective on flat panel display manufacturing, with a global view spanning decades of experience at leading institutions in Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the USA, and including direct pioneering contributions to the development of displays. The book includes a total of 24 chapters contributed by experts at leading manufacturing institutions from the global FPD industry in Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, Israel, and USA. Provides an overview of the evolution of display technologies and manufacturing Treats display products as systems with manifold applications, expanding the scope beyond traditional display panel manufacturing to key components for mobile devices and TV applications Provides a detailed overview of LCD manufacturing, including panel architectures, process flows, and module manufacturing Provides a detailed overview of OLED manufacturing for both mobile and TV applications, including a chapter dedicated to the young field of flexible OLED manufacturing Provides a detailed overview of the key unit processes and corresponding manufacturing equipment, including manufacturing test & repair of TFT array panels as well as display module inspection & repair Introduces key topics in display manufacturing science and engineering, including productivity & quality, factory architectures, and green manufacturing Flat Panel Display Manufacturing will appeal to professionals and engineers in R&D departments for display-related technology development, as well as to graduates and Ph.D. students specializing in LCD/OLED/other flat panel displays.
Download or read book Technology of Gallium Nitride Crystal Growth written by Dirk Ehrentraut and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the important technological aspects of the growth of GaN single crystals by HVPE, MOCVD, ammonothermal and flux methods for the purpose of free-standing GaN wafer production.
Download or read book Power GaN Devices written by Matteo Meneghini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first comprehensive overview of the properties and fabrication methods of GaN-based power transistors, with contributions from the most active research groups in the field. It describes how gallium nitride has emerged as an excellent material for the fabrication of power transistors; thanks to the high energy gap, high breakdown field, and saturation velocity of GaN, these devices can reach breakdown voltages beyond the kV range, and very high switching frequencies, thus being suitable for application in power conversion systems. Based on GaN, switching-mode power converters with efficiency in excess of 99 % have been already demonstrated, thus clearing the way for massive adoption of GaN transistors in the power conversion market. This is expected to have important advantages at both the environmental and economic level, since power conversion losses account for 10 % of global electricity consumption. The first part of the book describes the properties and advantages of gallium nitride compared to conventional semiconductor materials. The second part of the book describes the techniques used for device fabrication, and the methods for GaN-on-Silicon mass production. Specific attention is paid to the three most advanced device structures: lateral transistors, vertical power devices, and nanowire-based HEMTs. Other relevant topics covered by the book are the strategies for normally-off operation, and the problems related to device reliability. The last chapter reviews the switching characteristics of GaN HEMTs based on a systems level approach. This book is a unique reference for people working in the materials, device and power electronics fields; it provides interdisciplinary information on material growth, device fabrication, reliability issues and circuit-level switching investigation.
Download or read book Nitrides with Nonpolar Surfaces written by Tanya Paskova and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-31 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text discusses in detail the present stage of development of nonpolar nitrides, with special emphasis on the three main topics of crystal growth, properties, and device studies. All nonpolar nitride materials and all known growth techniques which are currently under strong investigation are covered.
Download or read book GaN and Related Materials written by Stephen J. Pearton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents views on current developments in heat and mass transfer research related to the modern development of heat exchangers. Devotes special attention to the different modes of heat and mass transfer mechanisms in relation to the new development of heat exchangers design. Dedicates particular attention to the future needs and demands for further development in heat and mass transfer. GaN and related materials are attracting tremendous interest for their applications to high-density optical data storage, blue/green diode lasers and LEDs, high-temperature electronics for high-power microwave applications, electronics for aerospace and automobiles, and stable passivation films for semiconductors. In addition, there is great scientific interest in the nitrides, because they appear to form the first semiconductor system in which extended defects do not severely affect the optical properties of devices. This series provides a forum for the latest research in this rapidly-changing field, offering readers a basic understanding of new developments in recent research. Series volumes feature a balance between original theoretical and experimental research in basic physics, device physics, novel materials and quantum structures, processing, and systems.
Download or read book Optoelectronic Devices written by M Razeghi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tremendous progress has been made in the last few years in the growth, doping and processing technologies of the wide bandgap semiconductors. As a result, this class of materials now holds significant promis for semiconductor electronics in a broad range of applications. The principal driver for the current revival of interest in III-V Nitrides is their potential use in high power, high temperature, high frequency and optical devices resistant to radiation damage. This book provides a wide number of optoelectronic applications of III-V nitrides and covers the entire process from growth to devices and applications making it essential reading for those working in the semiconductors or microelectronics. Broad review of optoelectronic applications of III-V nitrides
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Silicon based Microphotonics written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystal Growth for Beginners written by Ivan V. Markov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first-ever textbook on the fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. It has been written from a unified point of view and is thus a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. All formulae and equations are accompanied by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. The second revised edition includes two separate chapters dealing with the effect of the Enrich-Schwoebel barrier for down-step diffusion, as well as the effect of surface active species, on the morphology of the growing surfaces. In addition, many other chapters are updated accordingly. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference book for both graduate students and researchers in materials science.
Download or read book Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits written by Larry A. Coldren and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-02 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diode Lasers and Photonic Integrated Circuits, Second Edition provides a comprehensive treatment of optical communication technology, its principles and theory, treating students as well as experienced engineers to an in-depth exploration of this field. Diode lasers are still of significant importance in the areas of optical communication, storage, and sensing. Using the the same well received theoretical foundations of the first edition, the Second Edition now introduces timely updates in the technology and in focus of the book. After 15 years of development in the field, this book will offer brand new and updated material on GaN-based and quantum-dot lasers, photonic IC technology, detectors, modulators and SOAs, DVDs and storage, eye diagrams and BER concepts, and DFB lasers. Appendices will also be expanded to include quantum-dot issues and more on the relation between spontaneous emission and gain.
Download or read book The Physics of Semiconductor Devices written by R. K. Sharma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book disseminates the current knowledge of semiconductor physics and its applications across the scientific community. It is based on a biennial workshop that provides the participating research groups with a stimulating platform for interaction and collaboration with colleagues from the same scientific community. The book discusses the latest developments in the field of III-nitrides; materials & devices, compound semiconductors, VLSI technology, optoelectronics, sensors, photovoltaics, crystal growth, epitaxy and characterization, graphene and other 2D materials and organic semiconductors.
Download or read book Nitride Semiconductors Volume 482 written by Materials Research Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1998-04-20 with total page 1274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is on recent experimental and theoretical progress in the rapidly growing field of III-V nitrides. Issues related to crystal growth (bulk and thin films), structure and microstructure, formation of defects, doping, alloying, formation of heterostructures, determination of physical properties and device fabrication and evaluation are addressed. Papers show much progress in the growth and understanding of III-V nitrides and in the production of optoelectronic devices based on these materials. Most exciting is the fact that light-emitting diodes and laser diodes have now reached amazing levels of performance which forecasts a revolution in lighting, optical storage, printing, and display technologies. Topics include: crystal growth- bulk growth, early stages of epitaxy; crystal growth- MOCVD; growth techniques - MBE and HVPE; novel substrates and growth techniques; structural properties; electronic properties; luminescence and recombination; characterization, elemental and stress analysis; physical modelling; device processing, implantation, annealing; device characterization, contacts, degradation; and injection laser diodes and applications.
Download or read book Calcium Orthophosphates written by Sergey V. Dorozhkin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-06-04 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium orthophospha
