Download or read book Current Status and Required Actions for National Climate Observing Systems written by Ned Dwyer and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Activities with Respect to the Global Climate Observing System GCOS Implementation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Activities with Respect to the Global Climate Observing System GCOS Implementation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Global Ocean Observing System written by Committee on the Global Ocean Observing System and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-14 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Ocean Observing System is a study by the Ocean Studies Board intended to provide information and advice to federal agencies (the U.S. GOOS Interagency ad hoc Working Group) to help define and implement an effective, affordable, and customer-based U.S. contribution to GOOS. In particular, the committee was asked to provide advice to U.S. agencies regarding a practical concept for GOOS, identify potential applications and users of GOOS during the next 3 to 5 years and beyond, recommend appropriate roles for industry and academia in GOOS, and prioritize observational and infrastructure activities that should be undertaken or continued by the United States in its initial commitments to GOOS. In response to its charge, the committee reviewed the status of GOOS planning and implementation at both the national and international levels, invited presentations by relevant federal agencies and members of the private sector, and examined the range of potential uses and benefits of products derived from information to be collected by GOOS. Finally, the committee drew upon this information and its own expertise to develop a number of recommendations intended to help move the implementation of GOOS forward.
Download or read book Evaluating Progress of the U S Climate Change Science Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-28 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP) coordinates the efforts of 13 federal agencies to understand why climate is changing, to improve predictions about how it will change in the future, and to use that information to assess impacts on human systems and ecosystems and to better support decision making. Evaluating Progress of the U.S. Climate Change Science Program is the first review of the CCSP's progress since the program was established in 2002. It lays out a method for evaluating the CCSP, and uses that method to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the entire program and to identify areas where progress has not met expectations. The committee found that the program has made good progress in documenting and understanding temperature trends and related environmental changes on a global scale, as well as in understanding the influence of human activities on these observed changes. The ability to predict future climate changes also has improved, but efforts to understand the impacts of such changes on society and analyze mitigation and adaptation strategies are still relatively immature. The program also has not met expectations in supporting decision making, studying regional impacts, and communicating with a wider group of stakeholders.
Download or read book The United States Detailed National Report on Systematic Observations for Climate United States Global Climate Observing System U S GCOS Program written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1998, Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have noted with concern the mounting evidence of a decline in the global observing capability and have urged Parties to undertake programs of systematic observations and to strengthen their capability in the collection, exchange, and utilization of environmental data and information. It has long been recognized that the range of global observations needed to understand and monitor Earth processes contributing to climate and to assess the impact of human activities cannot be satisfied by a single program, agency, or country. The U.S. supports the need to improve global observing systems for climate, and we join other Parties in submitting information on national plans and programs that contribute to the global capability. This report was prepared as directed by UNFCCC Decision CP/1999/L.3, which requested Annex I Parties to provide a detailed report on systematic observations in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on global climate change observing systems adopted by the UNFCCC Decision CP/1999/L.4.
Download or read book National Activities with Respect to the Global Climate Observing System GCOS Implementation Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adequacy of Climate Observing Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-04-01 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1997 Conference on the World Climate Research Programme to the Third Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change concluded that the global capacity to observe the Earth's climate system is inadequate and is deteriorating worldwide. As a result, the chair of the subcommittee of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) requested a National Research Council study to assess the current status of the climate observing capabilities of the United States. This report focuses on existing observing systems for detection and attribution of climate change, with special emphasis on those systems with long time series.
Download or read book When Weather Matters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 15 years have seen marked progress in observing, understanding, and predicting weather. At the same time, the United States has failed to match or surpass progress in operational numerical weather prediction achieved by other nations and failed to realize its prediction potential; as a result, the nation is not mitigating weather impacts to the extent possible. This book represents a sense of the weather community as guided by the discussions of a Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate community workshop held in summer 2009. The book puts forth the committee's judgment on the most pressing high level, weather-focused research challenges and research to operations needs, and makes corresponding recommendations. The book addresses issues including observations, global non-hydrostatic coupled modeling, data assimilation, probabilistic forecasting, and quantitative precipitation and hydrologic forecasting. The book also identifies three important, emerging issues-predictions of very high impact weather, urban meteorology, and renewable energy development-not recognized or emphasized in previous studies. Cutting across all of these challenges is a set of socioeconomic issues, whose importance and emphasis-while increasing-has been undervalued and underemphasized in the past and warrants greater recognition and priority today.
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Download or read book Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth s Climate written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean is an integral component of the Earth's climate system. It covers about 70% of the Earth's surface and acts as its primary reservoir of heat and carbon, absorbing over 90% of the surplus heat and about 30% of the carbon dioxide associated with human activities, and receiving close to 100% of fresh water lost from land ice. With the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, notably carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion, the Earth's climate is now changing more rapidly than at any time since the advent of human societies. Society will increasingly face complex decisions about how to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change such as droughts, sea-level rise, ocean acidification, species loss, changes to growing seasons, and stronger and possibly more frequent storms. Observations play a foundational role in documenting the state and variability of components of the climate system and facilitating climate prediction and scenario development. Regular and consistent collection of ocean observations over decades to centuries would monitor the Earth's main reservoirs of heat, carbon dioxide, and water and provides a critical record of long-term change and variability over multiple time scales. Sustained high-quality observations are also needed to test and improve climate models, which provide insights into the future climate system. Sustaining Ocean Observations to Understand Future Changes in Earth's Climate considers processes for identifying priority ocean observations that will improve understanding of the Earth's climate processes, and the challenges associated with sustaining these observations over long timeframes.
Download or read book Air Quality Observation Systems in the United States written by and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2014-10-23 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 2013, President Obama released his Climate Action Plan. The Plan calls for a range of activities to help mitigate the impacts of carbon pollution, prepare for and adapt to those impacts that cannot be avoided, and enhance international efforts to reduce the harmful global effects of climate change. Success in each of the Plan's three components will require access to and application of the highest quality atmospheric science. Fortunately, as a result of decades of attention to the issue of air quality generally – from ozone and carbon dioxide to soot and other particulates – the United States is in good position to address the added observational and modeling challenges posed by climate change. Federal agencies and state and local partners invest hundreds of millions of dollars annually to maintain and operate the Nation's ground- and space-based air quality observation networks, and to conduct short-term field studies relating to air quality. The data collected by these activities have been indispensable to the effective development and implementation of policies to protect public health and the environment, and will be even more so as the Nation addresses the emerging impacts of climate change. This report catalogs the wide range of U.S. air quality measurement modalities and programs, including routine regulatory and deposition networks, intensive field studies, satellites, and fixed-site special-purpose networks operated or overseen by Federal departments and agencies – including the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and Department of the Interior (DOI) – and by various state, local and tribal partners. It also highlights some leading observational needs and opportunities, and identifies some of the barriers to fulfilling those needs and leveraging those opportunities. Specific programs and the pollutants they measure are documented in detail in the appendices.
Download or read book 8th National Communication written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-08 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, the Departments of Defense (DOD) and Commerce (DOC) acquire and operate separate polarorbiting environmental satellite systems that collect data needed for military and civil weather forecasting. The National Performance Review (NPR) and subsequent Presidential Decision Directive (PDD), directed the DOD (Air Force) and the DOC (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA) to establish a converged national weather satellite program that would meet U.S. civil and national security requirements and fulfill international obligations. NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS), and potentially other NASA programs, were included in the converged program to provide new remote sensing and spacecraft technologies that could improve the operational capabilities of the converged system. The program that followed, called the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), combined the follow-on to the DOD's Defense Meteorological Satellite Program and the DOC's Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) program. The tri-agency Integrated Program Office (IPO) for NPOESS was subsequently established to manage the acquisition and operations of the converged satellite. Issues in the Integration of Research and Operational Satellite Systems for Climate Research analyzes issues related to the integration of EOS and NPOESS, especially as they affect research and monitoring activities related to Earth's climate and whether it is changing.
Download or read book Options to Ensure the Climate Record from the NPOESS and GOES R Spacecraft written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-07-19 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2000, the nation's next-generation National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) program anticipated purchasing six satellites for $6.5 billion, with a first launch in 2008. By November 2005, however, it became apparent that NPOESS would overrun its cost estimates by at least 25 percent. In June 2006, the planned acquisition of six spacecraft was reduced to four, the launch of the first spacecraft was delayed until 2013, and several sensors were canceled or descoped in capability. To examine the impacts of these changes, particularly those associated with climate research, and ways to mitigate those impacts, NASA and NOAA asked the NRC to add this task to its ongoing "decadal survey," Earth Science and Applications from Space. The sponsors and the NRC agreed to address this task separately and to base its analysis on a major workshop. This book presents summaries of discussions at the workshop, which included sessions on the measurements and sensors originally planned for NPOESS and GOES-R; generation of climate data records; mitigation options, including the role of international partners; and cross-cutting issues.
Download or read book Climate Observing Systems in the Netherlands written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Implementing Climate and Global Change Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-16 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report reviews a draft strategic plan from the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, a program formed in 2002 to coordinate and direct U.S. efforts in climate change and global change research. The U.S. Climate Change Science Program incorporates the decade-old Global Change Research Program and adds a new component -the Climate Change Research Initiative-whose primary goal is to "measurably improve the integration of scientific knowledge, including measures of uncertainty, into effective decision support systems and resources."
