Download or read book Cu based Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on the Delafossite Structure written by Robert Bruce Gall and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently Cu-based transparent conducting delafossite compounds have been found to exhibit p-type conductivity either intrinsically or through various doping schemes. The development of a single oxide compound which can be effectively doped both n- and p-type would make a number of interesting transparent devices a reality. In this work, bipolar doping schemes were investigated for polycrystalline CuGaO2 ceramics through aliovalent cation substitutions on the B-site. Dense, single-phase polycrystalline ceramics were synthesized by solid state reaction through controlling the oxygen partial pressure and quenching to room temperature. The high temperature phase equilibria as a function of oxygen partial pressure was examined through x-ray powder diffraction. These results were compared with thermodynamic calculations of the stability of phases in the Cu-Ga-O system. Electrical measurements were then performed in order verify the carrier type, carrier concentration, and conductivity. Finally, optical measurements were made to establish the optical band gap and transmission window.

Download or read book Synthesis of Copper Based Transparent Conductive Oxides with Delafossite Structure Via Sol Gel Processing written by Stefan Götzendörfer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Defect Studies in Cu based P type Transparent Conducting Oxides written by Fnu Ameena and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among other intrinsic open-volume defects, copper vacancy (VCu) has been theoretically identified as the major acceptor in p-type Cu-based semiconducting transparent oxides, which has potential as low-cost photovoltaic absorbers in semi-transparent solar cells. A series of positron annihilation experiments with pure Cu, Cu2O, and CuO presented strong presence of VCu and its complexes in the copper oxides. The lifetime data also showed that the density of VCu was becoming higher as the oxidation state of Cu increased which was consistent with the decrease in the formation energy of VCu. Doppler broadening measurements further indicated that electrons with low momentum made more contribution to the contributed as pure Cu oxidizes to copper oxides. The metastable defects are known to be generated in Cu2O upon illumination and it has been known to affect the performance of Cu2O-based hetero-junctions used in solar cells. The metastable effect was studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and its data showed the change in the defect population upon light exposure and the minimal effect of lightinduced electron density increase in the bulk of materials to the average lifetime of the positrons. The change in the defect population is concluded to be related to the dissociation and association of VCu - VCu complexes. For example, the shorter lifetime under light was ascribed to the annihilation with smaller size vacancies, which explains the dissociation of the complexes with light illumination. Doppler broadening of the annihilation was independent of light illumination, which suggested that the chemical nature of the defects remained without change upon their dissociation and association - only the size distribution of copper vacancies varied. The delafossite metal oxides, CuMIIIO2 are emerging wide-bandgap p-type semiconductors. In this research, the formation energies of structural vacancies are calculated using Van Vechten cavity model as an attempt to study the effect of the size of the MIII cation in the delafossites starting from Cu2O. Comparison of the formation energies between Cu2O and delafossite oxides clearly showed that the equilibrium concentration of the vacancies depended strongly on the structural parameters varied by the presence of different MIII cations. In particular, the size of the MIII cation greatly influenced the defect formation energies of VCu. It was observed from our calculations, as the size increases the formation energy decreases.

Download or read book Structural and Electrical Characterization of Cu based Delafossites written by Nathan Andrew Ashmore and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CuGaO2 is a p-type conducting transparent oxide with the delafossite structure. Considerable interest has been garnered in this field upon the creation of transparent pn junctions using delafossite materials. In order for CuGaO2 to be considered a candidate in transparent devices, the conductivity of this compound must be first increased. It has been suggested that Cu vacancies (V[Subscript Cu]') or interstitial oxygens (O[Subscript i]'') may be the primary conduction mechanisms within CuGaO2. This study demonstrates the effects of non-stoichiometric batching and oxygen annealing of this compound. Structural data will be presented through the use of x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Electrical characterization will be made using ac impedance spectroscopy and conductivity versus time and temperature graphs. Non-stoichiometric compositions ranging from Cu0[Subscript .]95GaO2 to Cu1[Subscript .]05GaO2 were produced using solid-state synthesis. Conductivity and activation energy measurements do not show an appreciable change in either with respect to non-stoichiometry. X-ray diffraction data shows a solubility limit from Cu0[Subscript .]9GaO2 to Cu1[Subscript .]02GaO2 after which both the a and c lattice parameters show a marked decrease in length. This decrease is accompanied by the formation of Ga2O3 with the Cu-deficient compounds. O2 annealed samples were prepared by annealing stoichiometric CuGaO2 in flowing 100% O2 atmosphere at 400°C, 450°C, 500°C, and 600°C for 12 hours, as well as one sample annealed at 400°C for 100 hours. In-site isothermal resistivity versus time measurements were also performed at 450°C and 500°C. Electrical data show a marked increase in resistivity with annealing time and temperatures, while x-ray diffraction results show an increased decomposition from CuGaO2 to CuGa2O4, CuO, and Ga2O3. The in-situ resistivity versus time data do not show evidence of oxygen intercalation before the decomposition reactions begin.

Download or read book Data Mining Aided Crystal Engineering for the Design of Transparent Conducting Oxides written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to accelerate the pace of material discovery processes by systematically visualizing the huge search space that conventionally needs to be explored. To this end, we demonstrate not only the use of empirical- or crystal chemistry-based physical intuition for decision-making, but also to utilize knowledge-based data mining methodologies in the context of finding p-type delafossite transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). We report on examples using high-dimensional visualizations such as radial visualization combined with machine learning algorithms such as k-nearest neighbor algorithm (k-NN) to better define and visualize the search space (i.e. structure maps) of functional materials design. The vital role of search space generated from these approaches is discussed in the context of crystal chemistry of delafossite crystal structure.

Download or read book Reactive Sputter Deposition written by Diederik Depla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-24 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this valuable work, all aspects of the reactive magnetron sputtering process, from the discharge up to the resulting thin film growth, are described in detail, allowing the reader to understand the complete process. Hence, this book gives necessary information for those who want to start with reactive magnetron sputtering, understand and investigate the technique, control their sputtering process and tune their existing process, obtaining the desired thin films.

Download or read book Handbook of Transparent Conductors written by David S. Ginley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-11 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent conducting materials are key elements in a wide variety of current technologies including flat panel displays, photovoltaics, organic, low-e windows and electrochromics. The needs for new and improved materials is pressing, because the existing materials do not have the performance levels to meet the ever- increasing demand, and because some of the current materials used may not be viable in the future. In addition, the field of transparent conductors has gone through dramatic changes in the last 5-7 years with new materials being identified, new applications and new people in the field. “Handbook of Transparent Conductors” presents transparent conductors in a historical perspective, provides current applications as well as insights into the future of the devices. It is a comprehensive reference, and represents the most current resource on the subject.

Download or read book Transparent Oxide Electronics written by Pedro Barquinha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent electronics is emerging as one of the most promising technologies for the next generation of electronic products, away from the traditional silicon technology. It is essential for touch display panels, solar cells, LEDs and antistatic coatings. The book describes the concept of transparent electronics, passive and active oxide semiconductors, multicomponent dielectrics and their importance for a new era of novel electronic materials and products. This is followed by a short history of transistors, and how oxides have revolutionized this field. It concludes with a glance at low-cost, disposable and lightweight devices for the next generation of ergonomic and functional discrete devices. Chapters cover: Properties and applications of n-type oxide semiconductors P-type conductors and semiconductors, including copper oxide and tin monoxide Low-temperature processed dielectrics n and p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) – structure, physics and brief history Paper electronics – Paper transistors, paper memories and paper batteries Applications of oxide TFTs – transparent circuits, active matrices for displays and biosensors Written by a team of renowned world experts, Transparent Oxide Electronics: From Materials to Devices gives an overview of the world of transparent electronics, and showcases groundbreaking work on paper transistors

Download or read book Controlled Synthesis and Chemical Design of Cuprous Delafossite Oxides for Energy Conversion and Catalysis written by Thomas I. Draskovic and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cuprous delafossite oxides are a family of copper-based complex oxides uniquely structured with alternating layers of linearly coordinated O-CuI-O and MIIIO6 edge-shared octahedra. This structure is responsible for several interesting properties, such as p-type conductivity through a delocalized Cu 3d- and O 2p- orbital valence band, susceptibility to both extrinsic acceptor doping and oxygen intercalation, and high optical transparency. However, reported applications of these oxides have been relatively limited, especially compared to perovskite-structured oxides. One reason for this is likely the difficulties faced controlling morphology, impurities, and doping in their syntheses. The work presented here starts with this synthetic challenge, first focusing on the synthetic chemistry in understanding the phase formation and crystallization of CuScO2, then from the observed properties of CuScO2, the potential application of delafossite oxide as oxygen electrocatalysts is proposed and investigated.The properties of CuScO2, a potential p-type transparent conducting oxide, lead to several synthetic challenges. Significant oxygen intercalation within copper layer means control of oxidation proves difficult by the conventional solid state syntheses. Through consideration of copper and scandium species hydrolysis, the first hydrothermally synthesized pure-phase CuScO2 is reported. Post-annealing treatments were used to investigate the influence of oxygen intercalation and were found to increase copper oxidation, leading to increased light absorption, and flat-band potential shifts.The observed oxygen intercalation in CuScO2 led to an original research proposal and subsequent demonstration of cuprous delafossite oxides as catalysts for the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction. The delafossite structure possesses several key elements that could potentially make it desirable for ORR catalytic applications: the presence of low-coordination Cu-sites, accessible by O2 molecules, and the ability to alter lattice space around Cu-sites by changing the size of the MIII cation. CuLaO2 was found to have the most prevalent complete reduction of oxygen out the oxides tested. Finally, preliminary studies on the use of CuLaO2+x as a potential low temperature solid oxide fuel cell cathode material for low temperature oxygen reduction are presented. The experimental setup and custom fabricated cell holder are detailed, followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests to compare the oxide to commercially available cathode materials. The CuLaO2+x phase shows potential at very low temperature (

Download or read book Coatings to Improve Optoelectronic Devices written by Selected Articles Published by MDPI and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This selection is focused on coatings and films with applications in optoelectronics, such as photovoltaics, photocatalysis, and light-based sensors and phenomena. The studies investigate the optimal composition, crystalline structure, and morphology to deliver the different functionalities sought. Obtaining transparent p-type electrodes is challenging but extremely relevant in optoelectronics. Electric conduction mechanisms and the correlations with structure and doping are discussed. The important issue of the degradation pathways in perovskite-based solar cells and the possibilities offered by different types of coatings to encapsulate the devices as well as the beneficial effect of silica coating as an antireflection and antisoiling layer on well-established solar cells are discussed. New designs of nanoplasmonic films for chemical and biological molecule sensing are reviewed, such as the combination of metallic nanoparticles and nanostructured semiconductors and dispersing metallic or bi-metallic nanoparticles in CuO films. The impacts of structure, defects, and morphology on the photoactivated properties of WO3 films and on the shape memory behavior in Cu–Al–Ni thin films are discussed. Aggregated TiO2 nanoparticles on TiO2 layers are shown to enhance optical transmittance and confer a superhydrophilic characteristic. Finally, aspects of the fundamental characterization of thin films, Drude damping in thin films, and laser-induced deflection technique are discussed.

Download or read book Transparent Electronics written by Antonio Facchetti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra-indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory. Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p-type wide-band-gap semiconductors, and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro-optic devices. Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.

Download or read book Materials Science Research Trends written by Lawrence V. Olivante and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials science includes those parts of chemistry and physics that deal with the properties of materials. It encompasses four classes of materials, the study of each of which may be considered a separate field: metals; ceramics; polymers and composites. Materials science is often referred to as materials science and engineering because it has many applications. Industrial applications of materials science include processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc), analytical techniques (electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) etc.), materials design, and cost/benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials. This new book presents new leading-edge research in the field.

Download or read book Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications Volume 1315 written by Joseph J. Berry and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-cost, high-performance transparent conducting oxides are of great interest for reduced-cost optoelectronics, while amorphous oxides of ranging conductivity have attracted attention for interface modification, transistor, and other technological applications. The basic material and physical properties are still being illuminated in these oxide systems, even as they become integral in a number of optoelectronic devices. Symposium MM, "Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications," held during the November 29−December 3, 2010 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, discussed the basic materials issues in transparent oxide systems, such as structure, doping, carrier transport, and optical properties. These topics along with the development of solutions and other novel deposition techniques for development of these materials and process-related properties were covered. This volume includes a cross-section of the research on basic materials properties and the technological applications of these materials covered during the symposium.

Download or read book Metal Oxide based Transparent Conducting Oxides written by Meagen Anne Gillispie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Download or read book Computational Approaches to Energy Materials written by Richard Catlow and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of materials for clean and efficient energy generation and storage is one of the most rapidly developing, multi-disciplinary areas of contemporary science, driven primarily by concerns over global warming, diminishing fossil-fuel reserves, the need for energy security, and increasing consumer demand for portable electronics. Computational methods are now an integral and indispensable part of the materials characterisation and development process. Computational Approaches to Energy Materials presents a detailed survey of current computational techniques for the development and optimization of energy materials, outlining their strengths, limitations, and future applications. The review of techniques includes current methodologies based on electronic structure, interatomic potential and hybrid methods. The methodological components are integrated into a comprehensive survey of applications, addressing the major themes in energy research. Topics covered include: • Introduction to computational methods and approaches • Modelling materials for energy generation applications: solar energy and nuclear energy • Modelling materials for storage applications: batteries and hydrogen • Modelling materials for energy conversion applications: fuel cells, heterogeneous catalysis and solid-state lighting • Nanostructures for energy applications This full colour text is an accessible introduction for newcomers to the field, and a valuable reference source for experienced researchers working on computational techniques and their application to energy materials.

Download or read book Materials and Processes for Solar Fuel Production written by Balasubramanian Viswanathan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features different approaches to non-biochemical pathways for solar fuel production. This one-of-a-kind book addresses photovoltaics, photocatalytic water splitting for clean hydrogen production and CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon fuel through in-depth comprehensive contributions from a select blend of established and experienced authors from across the world. The commercial application of solar based systems, with particular emphasis on non-PV based devices have been discussed. This book intends to serve as a primary resource for a multidisciplinary audience including chemists, engineers and scientists providing a one-stop location for all aspects related to solar fuel production. The material is divided into three sections: Solar assisted water splitting to produce hydrogen; Solar assisted CO2 utilization to produce green fuels and Solar assisted electricity generation. The content strikes a balance between theory, material synthesis and application with the central theme being solar fuels.