Download or read book Cross scale Interactions Between Land Cover land Use Climate and River Water Quality written by Samantha K. Abbott and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of climate, geomorphology, and land use dictates catchment sediment production and associated river sediment loads. This case study in the Manawatu River catchment in the Lower North Island of New Zealand was a decade-long examination of the short- and long-term effects of an extreme storm event on sediment supply and exhaustion in the landslide-dominated Oroua and Pohangina subcatchments. Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA), a program developed to characterize hydrologic regimes, was used to analyze daily suspended sediment records over a period of a decade in order to characterize sediment regimes of the Oroua and Pohangina. An aggregated dataset of sediment-bearing events for the period of record was analyzed with a local polynomial regression (LOESS) to examine the suspended sediment response of individual storms relative to runoff magnitudes. The findings of this study demonstrate that large storms have the ability to generate enough sediment via landsliding to temporarily convert these catchments from a supply-limited state to a transport-limited state. Land use in the form of livestock grazing on steep hillslopes was an important control on the location of landslides and thus sediment supply. The timing and intensity of storms were also important influences on these state transitions. The suspended sediment response to the February 2004 storm (relative to the mean condition) was smaller in the Pohangina than in the Oroua. The occurrence of another large storm in the Pohangina that closely preceded the February 2004 storm likely depleted available sediment in the landscape. In both subcatchments, suspended sediment loads were elevated for a period of approximately four years following the landslide-generating February 2004 storm. The spatial and temporal interactions between land cover/land use and climate have important implications for land management strategies to reduce erosion and improve river water quality in landscapes dominated by storm-induced erosion.

Download or read book Climate Change 2014 written by Groupe d'experts intergouvernemental sur l'évolution du climat and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Land Use and Water Quality written by Brian Kronvang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 11 papers introduces broad topics covering various professional disciplines related to the research arena of land use and water quality. The papers exemplify the important links between agriculture and water quality in surface and ground waters as well as the pollution problems around urban areas. Advancement of new technologies for analyzing links between land use and water quality problems as well as insights into new tools for analyzing large monitoring datasets are highlighted in this collection of papers.

Download or read book Investigating the Relationship Between Hydrological Variation Land Use Cover Change and Climate Change at Regional and Local Scales Under Future Scenarios written by Hui Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The connections between environmental change and human activities are complex. Scientists have been working on understanding the interactions between hydrological processes, land use/cover change (LUCC) and climate change in both qualitative and quantitative ways for several decades. Although previous studies show that interactions between these three aspects are typically multidimensional and occur in multiple spatial and temporal scales, a systematic investigation of their historical and future relationships is still lacking at a local scale, especially when considering the non-stationarity of LUCC. This doctoral dissertation applies quantitative research methods, such as hydrological and LUCC modeling methods, to cover two general study directions: (1) how human activities (e.g., LUCC), climate change and hydrological processes interact with each other, and (2) how to analyze these interactions when taking local spatial variance into consideration. To follow these directions, this research includes three main sections: First, by integrating a new elasticity of runoff method and a water balance model, I separate and quantify the impacts of climate change and LUCC on increasing surface runoff change in the lower Connecticut River Basin. Inverse variation trends of LUCC on opposite sides of the river is found in this section, giving us motivation to hypothesize that human activity could influence our landscape to varying degrees in different locations. Second, I identify spatially non-stationary relationships between driving factors and land use/cover categories at a local scale by applying geographically weighted logistic regression model. Sensitivity of simulated LUCC to spatial non-stationarity is then examined. Third, based on the previous conclusions, I simulate the streamflow change in a small basin under future LUCC and various climate change scenarios, and ultimately quantify the relationship of change rate between streamflow and climate variables in the future.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Land Use land Cover and Water Quality for Hydrophobic Organic Compounds written by Charles Shiu Wong and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice written by Monica G. Turner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal text for students taking a course in landscape ecology. The book has been written by very well-known practitioners and pioneers in the new field of ecological analysis. Landscape ecology has emerged during the past two decades as a new and exciting level of ecological study. Environmental problems such as global climate change, land use change, habitat fragmentation and loss of biodiversity have required ecologists to expand their traditional spatial and temporal scales and the widespread availability of remote imagery, geographic information systems, and desk top computing has permitted the development of spatially explicit analyses. In this new text book this new field of landscape ecology is given the first fully integrated treatment suitable for the student. Throughout, the theoretical developments, modeling approaches and results, and empirical data are merged together, so as not to introduce barriers to the synthesis of the various approaches that constitute an effective ecological synthesis. The book also emphasizes selected topic areas in which landscape ecology has made the most contributions to our understanding of ecological processes, as well as identifying areas where its contributions have been limited. Each chapter features questions for discussion as well as recommended reading.

Download or read book Impacts of Land Cover and Climate Change on Water Resources in Suasco River Watershed written by Ammara Talib and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF LAND COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES IN SUASCO RIVER WATERSHED September 2015 AMMARA TALIB, BS., PUNJAB UNIVERSITY LAHORE MS., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Tim Randhir Hydrological balance and biogeochemical processes in watershed are significantly influenced by changes in land use land cover (LULC) and climate change. Those changes can influence interception, evapotranspiration (ET), infiltration, soil moisture, water balance and biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and other elements at regional to global scales. The impacts of these hydrological disturbances are generally reflected in form of increasing runoff rate and volume, more intense and frequent floods, decreasing groundwater recharge and base flow, elevated levels of sediments and increase in concentration of nutrients in both streams and shallow groundwater. Water quality of Sudbury, Assabet and Concord (SuAsCo) watershed in Massachusetts is also compromised because of influx of runoff, sediments and nutrients. There is a crucial need to evaluate the synergistic effects of LULC change and climate change on the water quality and water quantity in a watershed system. A watershed simulation model is used to simulate hydrologic processes and water quality changes in sediment loads, total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP). The model is calibrated and validated with field-measured data. Climatic scenarios are represented by downscaled regional projections from Global Climate Model (GCM) models and regional built out scenarios of LULC are used to assess the impacts of projected LULC and climate change on water quality and water quantity. Simultaneous changes in LULC and climate significantly affect the water resources in the SuAsCo River watershed. Change in climate increased ET (4.7 %) because of high temperature, but independent change in land cover reduced ET (6.5%) because of less available vegetation. Combined change in land cover and climate reduced ET (2.1%) overall, which indicates that land cover change has significant impact on ET. Change in climate increased total run off (6%) and this increase is more significant as compared to 2.7 % increase in total runoff caused by land cover change. Change in land cover increased surface runoff more significantly (69.2%) than 7.9 % increase caused by climate change. Combined change in land cover and climate further increased the average storm peak volume (12.8 percent) because of high precipitation and impervious area in future. There is a potential for reducing runoff, sediments and nutrients loads by using conservation policies and adaptation strategies. This research provides valuable information about the dynamics of watershed system, as well as the complex processes that impair water resources.

Download or read book Impacts of Landscape Change on Water Resources written by Manoj K. Jha and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in land use and land cover can have many drivers, including population growth, urbanization, agriculture, demand for food, evolution of socio-economic structure, policy regulations, and climate variability. The impacts of these changes on water resources range from changes in water availability (due to changes in losses of water to evapotranspiration and recharge) to degradation of water quality (increased erosion, salinity, chemical loadings, and pathogens). The impacts are manifested through complex hydro-bio-geo-climate characteristics, which underscore the need for integrated scientific approaches to understand the impacts of landscape change on water resources. Several techniques, such as field studies, long-term monitoring, remote sensing technologies, and advanced modeling studies, have contributed to better understanding the modes and mechanisms by which landscape changes impact water resources. Such research studies can help unlock the complex interconnected influences of landscape on water resources in terms of quantity and quality at multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this Special Issue, we published a set of eight peer-reviewed articles elaborating on some of the specific topics of landscape changes and associated impacts on water resources.

Download or read book Subsurface Hydrological Responses to Land Cover and Land Use Changes written by Makoto Taniguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1997-06-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since human beings first appeared on the earth, we have changed land cover and land use for our own purposes, such as conveniences and high productivity. As a result of the land cover and land use changes, many serious environmental problems occur on the earth. Studying meteorological and hydrological effects of vegetation and land cover/use changes helps us to understand the environmental changes and problems happening near the earth surface, because the vegetation distributes the solar energy and water on the earth surface into atmosphere and geosphere. Subsurface hydrological responses to land cover and land use changes have drawn only regional environmental concerns, although global change caused by biosphere change has been studied in various scientific fields. The changes in land cover and land use alter water, solute and heat cycles in basins and elements of those balances, including evapotranspiration, groundwater recharge rate, discharge rates into rivers or ocean and soil moisture content, which are directly or indirectly related to the global environmental issues. Therefore, the changes in biosphere may substantially alter the subsurface hydrological system. For instance, increased groundwater recharge rates following clearing forest into grasses might be one consequence resulting in rising water tables and salinization.

Download or read book Impacts of Anthropogenic Activities on Watersheds in a Changing Climate written by Luís Filipe Sanches Fernandes and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-14 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service.

Download or read book Imprints of the Land Spatial and Temporal Connections Between Land Use and Water Quality written by Janet Barclay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activity and land use patterns are altering solute concentrations in waterbodies worldwide, frequently with effects that are delayed and/or displaced from their cause. Understanding the resulting water quality trends allows managers to tailor interventions and preemptively respond to likely future conditions. My research addressed two broad questions: 1) How and why does surface water quality vary spatially? Many U.S. states classify waterbodies according to groups of designated uses, suggesting that water quality and classifications are correlated. The relationship between classification and water quality, however, is untested. I analyzed existing data for the State of Connecticut to identify differences in water quality between waterbody classes and as a function of land cover (Chapter 1). My results suggest that land cover is a better proxy for water quality than classification. 2) What is the role of groundwater in delivering nitrogen to streams and rivers, and removing nitrogen through denitrification? Reactive nitrogen applied to land surfaces percolates with precipitation and moves along groundwater flowpaths before discharging to surface waters. Patterns of groundwater discharge are difficult to measure and predict due to spatial heterogeneity. I explored the feasibility of using regional groundwater models and thermal infrared imagery to identify areas of groundwater discharge at the regional-scale. I implemented a suite of groundwater models using common assumptions to quantify precision in modeled flowpath characteristics (Chapter 2). Then, I used thermal infrared imagery and extensive field surveys to compare modeled and observed patterns (Chapter 3). I found substantial variation in modeled flowpath characteristics among models, but that thermal infrared imagery was a useful tool for evaluating modeled patterns. Groundwater discharges can deliver large nitrogen loads to streams and rivers, but nitrogen can also be removed by microbial processes along groundwater flowpaths. I analyzed discharging groundwater from spatially extensive surveys to quantify patterns of nitrogen loading to surface waters and removal within the groundwater system. Then, I used land cover, soil, and flowpath characteristics to quantify patterns of nitrogen loading and removal at the watershed scale (Chapter 4). I found that removal dominates in forested areas, and loading dominates where development and agriculture overlay coarse sediments.

Download or read book A Land Use and Land Cover Classification System for Use with Remote Sensor Data written by James Richard Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Long Term Socio Ecological Research written by Simron Jit Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors in this volume make a case for LTSER’s potential in providing insights, knowledge and experience necessary for a sustainability transition. This expertly edited selection of contributions from Europe and North America reviews the development of LTSER since its inception and assesses its current state, which has evolved to recognize the value of formulating solutions to the host of ecological threats we face. Through many case studies, this book gives the reader a greater sense of where we are and what still needs to be done to engage in and make meaning from long-term, place-based and cross-disciplinary engagements with socio-ecological systems.

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Download or read book Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology written by G. Mathias Kondolf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluvial Geomorphology studies the biophysical processes acting in rivers, and the sediment patterns and landforms resulting from them. It is a discipline of synthesis, with roots in geology, geography, and river engineering, and with strong interactions with allied fields such as ecology, engineering and landscape architecture. This book comprehensively reviews tools used in fluvial geomorphology, at a level suitable to guide the selection of research methods for a given question. Presenting an integrated approach to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it provides guidance for researchers and professionals on the tools available to answer questions on river restoration and management. Thoroughly updated since the first edition in 2003 by experts in their subfields, the book presents state-of-the-art tools that have revolutionized fluvial geomorphology in recent decades, such as physical and numerical modelling, remote sensing and GIS, new field techniques, advances in dating, tracking and sourcing, statistical approaches as well as more traditional methods such as the systems framework, stratigraphic analysis, form and flow characterisation and historical analysis. This book: Covers five main types of geomorphological questions and their associated tools: historical framework; spatial framework; chemical, physical and biological methods; analysis of processes and forms; and future understanding framework. Provides guidance on advantages and limitations of different tools for different applications, data sources, equipment and supplies needed, and case studies illustrating their application in an integrated perspective. It is an essential resource for researchers and professional geomorphologists, hydrologists, geologists, engineers, planners, and ecologists concerned with river management, conservation and restoration. It is a useful supplementary textbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in Geography, Geology, Environmental Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and interdisciplinary courses in river management and restoration.

Download or read book Earth Science and Applications from Space written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural and human-induced changes in Earth's interior, land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans affect all aspects of life. Understanding these changes requires a range of observations acquired from land-, sea-, air-, and space-based platforms. To assist NASA, NOAA, and USGS in developing these tools, the NRC was asked to carry out a "decadal strategy" survey of Earth science and applications from space that would develop the key scientific questions on which to focus Earth and environmental observations in the period 2005-2015 and beyond, and present a prioritized list of space programs, missions, and supporting activities to address these questions. This report presents a vision for the Earth science program; an analysis of the existing Earth Observing System and recommendations to help restore its capabilities; an assessment of and recommendations for new observations and missions for the next decade; an examination of and recommendations for effective application of those observations; and an analysis of how best to sustain that observation and applications system.

Download or read book Scenarios and Implications of Land Use and Climate Change on Water Quality in Mesoscale Agricultural Watersheds written by Bano B Mehdi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A comparative study in two mesoscale, agricultural watersheds located in mid-latitude, developed regions (Altmühl River, Germany and in Pike River, Canada) investigated potential future land use change and climate change impacts on surface water quality. The two watersheds provided a unique opportunity to compare potential impacts of change in similar physical and climatological regions, yet under different political settings related to agricultural policies as well as water quality management and protection. The objectives of the research were to develop agricultural land use scenarios to apply to a hydrological model simultaneously with climate change simulations. This modelling framework allowed quantifying these combined impacts on streamflow, sediment loads, nitrate-nitrogen loads and concentrations, as well as total phosphorus loads and concentrations to the 2050 time horizon. The impacts of climate change were evaluated alone and then with land use change. Overall, the quality of surface water simulated in both watersheds will be deteriorated according to environmental standards set by the ministries by 2050 due to higher mean annual nutrient loads transported into the rivers. Climate change impacts were greater than land use change impacts; however land use change can have an important influence on water quality, depending on the magnitude of crop changes taking place. Field-level adaptation strategies in the Pike River were simulated to determine the extent of reducing the combined impacts of land use and climate change. The strategies were able to mitigate the combined impacts, and also to improve the quality of surface water compared to the in-stream nutrient concentrations in the reference simulation.In both watersheds, it was determined that the combined interaction between climate change and land use change in the hydrological model are non-linear. Examining the combined impacts are necessary to determine potential alterations in water quality in a basin since the direction and the magnitude are not predictable from the individual changes alone." --