Download or read book Creep Fatigue Behavior of Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels written by Jonathan Parker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creep Fatigue knowledge is necessary for meaningful reliability assessment of existing power generating plant because cyclic operation of an aging power plant fleet requires better understanding of factors affecting damage initiation and propagation, as well as technologies and methods to predict damage accumulation for individual components and overall safe/economic life. Utilities typically adopt operating practices which involve more severe cycles, either in terms of number or magnitude or both, so that there is, and will continue to be, a requirement to assess the creep fatigue performance of traditional boiler and turbine components. The recent installation of large numbers of combustion turbines and the associated heat recovery steam generators has significantly increased the number of materials and components which are operating under cyclic conditions at high temperatures. Indeed, the materials and component types susceptible to creep-fatigue is increasing since much of the new high efficiency coal plant will be operating with steam/metal temperatures much higher than those of traditional plant. Recent expert review has reemphasized that with most practical scenarios regarding future generation mix, fossil plant will continue to be important. Thus, there is the expectation that creep-fatigue damage will increase in occurrence, and affect an increased range of components. Different challenges will be faced since the new components will involve a greater range of alloys, methods of manufacture, and types of operation than conventional fossil generating stations. It is therefore apparent that operation under cyclic conditions at temperatures where creep can occur the potential for creep/fatigue damage is, and will continue to be, a matter of significant concern. The present paper considers specific challenges associated with creep/fatigue in creep strength enhanced ferritic steels such as Grade 91 and Grade 92.
Download or read book Creep and Creep fatigue Deformation Studies in 22V and P91 Creep strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels written by Harrison Collin Whitt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferritic-martensitic steels constitute a key class of materials for power generation due to their creep-resistant properties. The current study examines the creep and creep-fatigue properties of two ferritic-martensitic steels, 22V (21⁄4Cr-1MoV) and P91 (9Cr-1MoV). These steels are commonly used in boiler and piping applications at elevated temperatures. While base metal properties are important and are investigated in the present work, component failure most commonly occurs in the welded region of components in-service. The majority of the present work consists of studies on welded ferritic-martensitic components, examining the effect of weldment processing on microstructure and elevated temperature performance. First, creep-fatigue properties of P91 base metal are examined. In service, P91 components are subjected to elevated temperatures and cyclic stresses, leading to the accumulation of creep-fatigue damage. This study examines the creep-fatigue behavior of P91, including mechanical response under various loading conditions at 600°C and 650°C. Microstructural studies utilize techniques including: scanning electron microscopy, (SEM) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). Quantitative microstructural studies track substructure coarsening and dislocation density as a function of creep-fatigue deformation. Significant anelastic backflow is observed at minimum load during every creep-fatigue test conducted. The effects of loading parameters on creep-fatigue rupture life and anelastic backflow are also studied. The differences between monotonic creep and creep-fatigue, which lead to accelerated failure under creep-fatigue deformation are examined. Creep-fatigue properties of P91 weldments are also assessed by studying a conventional flux-cored arc welding process (FCAW) as well as a non-conventional cold metal transfer (CMT) welding process. Specimens from each weldment were deformed using a purpose-built, load-controlled creep-fatigue testing apparatus under multiple loading conditions at 650°C. Ruptured weldments are examined using characterization techniques including SEM and STEM diffraction-contrast imaging (STEM-DCI). Specimens welded using the CMT process significantly outperform the FCAW weldments. Further characterization reveals that changes in precipitate size and distribution as well as differences in subgrain size and dislocation density between the two welding processes result in the differences in creep-fatigue strength. Concerning 22V, a systematic comparison is performed to determine the effect of welding polarity and post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions on weld metal microstructure. DC+, AC 50% balance and AC 75% balance waveforms are used to weld 22V submerged arc weldments (SAW). All weldments are PWHT at either 1275°F (690°C) or 1310°F (710°C). The present work examines grain size, subgrain and dislocation content, and second phase distribution as a function of welding polarity and PWHT conditions using SEM, STEM, EBSD, optical microscopy (OM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The most critical microstructural difference is a change in precipitate distribution as a function of weld processing parameters. AC 50% weldments produce a refined distribution of MX carbonitrides compared to the DC+ weldments. Also, MX carbonitrides in the DC+ weldments nucleate preferentially on high-angle grain boundaries which reduce the creep strengthening effects of the MX phase. The change in precipitate distribution is attributed to differences in heat distribution during welding as a function of welding polarity. In addition, the effect of welding polarity and PWHT conditions on mechanical properties of 22V SAW are also studied. AC 50% weldments with a refined intragranular MX carbonitride distribution exhibit a stable substructure and the best creep performance. In addition, the AC 50% weldments exhibit the highest fracture toughness when PWHT at 1310°F. Ductile fracture modes include microvoid coalescence, with microvoids nucleating at Cr-Mo rich carbides. Based on the current work, the most favorable SAW parameters for 22V include welding with AC 50% polarity and PWHT at 1310°F, which produces favorable fracture toughness while retaining excellent creep strength.
Download or read book Proceedings Creep Fracture in High Temperature Components written by I. A. Shibli and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compendium of European and worldwide research investigating creep, fatigue and failure behaviors in metals under high-temperature and other service stresses. It helps set the standards for coordinating creep data and for maintaining defect-free quality in high-temperature metals and metal-based weldments.
Download or read book Creep Resistant Steels written by Fujio Abe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-14 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creep-resistant steels are widely used in the petroleum, chemical and power generation industries. Creep-resistant steels must be reliable over very long periods of time at high temperatures and in severe environments. Understanding and improving long-term creep strength is essential for safe operation of plant and equipment. This book provides an authoritative summary of key research in this important area.The first part of the book describes the specifications and manufacture of creep-resistant steels. Part two covers the behaviour of creep-resistant steels and methods for strengthening them. The final group of chapters analyses applications in such areas as turbines and nuclear reactors.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Creep-resistant steels is a valuable reference for the power generation, petrochemical and other industries which use high strength steels at elevated temperatures. - Describes the specifications and manufacture of creep-resistant steels - Strengthening methods are discussed in detail - Different applications are analysed including turbines and nuclear reactors
Download or read book Elevated temperature Tensile and Creep Properties of Several Ferritic Stainless Steels written by J. Daniel Whittenberger and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants written by D. Gandy and J. Shingledecker and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conference proceedings covering the latest technology developments for fossil fuel power plants, including nickel-based alloys for advanced ultrasupercritical power plants, materials for turbines, oxidation and corrosion, welding and weld performance, new alloys concepts, and creep and general topics.
Download or read book Structural Alloys for Power Plants written by A. Shirzadi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current fleets of conventional and nuclear power plants face increasing hostile environmental conditions due to increasingly high temperature operation for improved capacity and efficiency, and the need for long term service. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement to cycle plants to meet peak-load operation. This book presents a comprehensive review of structural materials in conventional and nuclear energy applications. Opening chapters address operational challenges and structural alloy requirements in different types of power plants. The following sections review power plant structural alloys and methods to mitigate critical materials degradation in power plants.
Download or read book Experience with Creep strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels and New Emerging Computational Methods written by Yong-Yi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Creep fatigue Properties of Type 316 Steel and Weld Metal at 625 C written by D. S. Wood and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Joint EPRI 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High Temperature Materials written by J. Shingledecker and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 1500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings from: EPRI’s 9th International Conference on Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants and the 2nd International 123HiMAT Conference on High-Temperature Materials
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Download or read book Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants written by Ramaswamy Viswanathan and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An October 2007 conference allowed scientists and engineers from around the world to exchange information on advanced, high-efficiency coal power plants. Papers from the conference are presented here, in sections on boilers, turbines, oxidation, creep/life management, welding, and oxy fuel. Some specific topics include materials solutions for advanced steam power plants, consideration of weld behavior in the design of high temperature components, nickel alloys for high efficiency fossil power plants, and material development and mechanical integrity analysis for advanced steam turbines. Other subjects are ferritic and austenitic grades for a new generation of steam power plants, the impact of steam-side oxidation on boiler heat-exchanger tube design, and oxy-combustion technology for utility coal-fired boilers.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Creep in Metals and Alloys written by Michael E. Kassner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-04-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Numerous line drawings with consistent format and units allow easy comparison of the behavior of a very wide range of materials * Transmission electron micrographs provide a direct insight in the basic microstructure of metals deforming at high temperatures * Extensive literature review of over 1000 references provide an excellent reference document, and a very balanced discussionUnderstanding the strength of materials at a range of temperatures is critically important to a huge number of researchers and practitioners from a wide range of fields and industry sectors including metallurgists, industrial designers, aerospace R&D personnel, and structural engineers. The most up-to date and comprehensive book in the field, Fundamentals of Creep in Metals and Alloys discusses the fundamentals of time-dependent plasticity or creep plasticity in metals, alloys and metallic compounds. This is the first book of its kind that provides broad coverage of a range of materials not just a sub-group such as metallic compounds, superalloys or crystals. As such it presents the most balanced view of creep for all materials scientists. The theory of all of these phenomena are extensively reviewed and analysed in view of an extensive bibliography that includes the most recent publications in the field. All sections of the book have undergone extensive peer review and therefore the reader can be sure they have access to the most up-to-date research, fully interrogated, from the world's leading investigators.· Numerous line drawings with consistent format and units allow easy comparison of the behavior of a very wide range of materials· Transmission electron micrographs provide a direct insight in the basic microstructure of metals deforming at high temperatures· Extensive literature review of over 1000 references provide an excellent reference document, and a very balanced discussion
Download or read book Analysis of the Long term Creep fatigue Behavior of 2 1 4 Cr 1 Mo Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications written by Robert Odette and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-performance alloys that can withstand operation in hazardous nuclear environments are critical to presentday in-service reactor support and maintenance and are foundational for reactor concepts of the future. With commercial nuclear energy vendors and operators facing the retirement of staff during the coming decades, much of the scholarly knowledge of nuclear materials pursuant to appropriate, impactful, and safe usage is at risk. Led by the multi-award winning editorial team of G. Robert Odette (UCSB) and Steven J. Zinkle (UTK/ORNL) and with contributions from leaders of each alloy discipline, Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications aids the next generation of researchers and industry staff developing and maintaining steels, nickel-base alloys, zirconium alloys, and other structural alloys in nuclear energy applications. This authoritative reference is a critical acquisition for institutions and individuals seeking state-of-the-art knowledge aided by the editors' unique personal insight from decades of frontline research, engineering and management. - Focuses on in-service irradiation, thermal, mechanical, and chemical performance capabilities. - Covers the use of steels and other structural alloys in current fission technology, leading edge Generation-IV fission reactors, and future fusion power reactors. - Provides a critical and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art experimental knowledge base of reactor materials, for applications ranging from engineering safety and lifetime assessments to supporting the development of advanced computational models.
Download or read book Materials and Processes for Nuclear Energy Today and in the Future written by Fanny Balbaud-Célérier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-11-20 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a low carbon energy source, nuclear energy plays a reinforced role in a sustainable electricity mix. However, strengthening the share of nuclear energy implies the guarantee of safe, long-term operation of current systems and potentially the fostering of new constructions. Service life extension – as well as the design of future nuclear power plants – relies on the availability of robust and qualified structural materials, and their manufacturing processes. The science and engineering of materials are key in selecting robust material solutions and predicting aging mechanisms. Materials and Processes for Nuclear Energy Today and in the Future reviews different reactor concepts and fuel management systems. Nuclear equipment has to maintain integrity under extreme conditions, such as high temperature, radiation, loads and/or corrosive environments. This book analyzes the requirements on components, and introduces reference solutions regarding materials and processes. It describes the materials’ main properties, their limits and the current R&D trends. Lastly, innovations are discussed, such as materials with enhanced properties, advanced manufacturing or using AI.
Download or read book Thermal fatigue behavior and strength estimation of power plant component materials under creep fatigue interaction written by Kazuo Kuwahara and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
