Download or read book Corporate Dividend Policy and Tax Avoidance written by Mark C. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article investigates the relation between corporate dividend policy and tax avoidance. The payment of dividends facilitates the transfer of corporate resources, usually cash, from the company to its shareholders. An important aspect of dividend policy is that it is used to address agency problems between shareholders and managers associated with free cash flow. Given that a dividend payment policy is generally considered to be a fixed commitment, and managers may be penalized for cutting dividends, managers may adopt a tax-avoidance strategy to generate additional cash flow to meet this obligation and to fund operating and investment needs. Using data for US publicly listed corporations, we first document that a higher dividend payout ratio is associated with a lower cash-payment-based effective tax rate and a higher book-tax difference, indicating a higher level of tax avoidance. We then test whether tax avoidance increased with the initiation of dividends that occurred in response to the 2003 US dividend income tax cut, and find that it did. The results support our prediction that dividend policy affects tax planning. We employ a Heckman two-stage procedure to address other endogeneities. We also show that our baseline results are robust when an extensive set of tests is applied, including alternative measures of tax avoidance and dividend payout. In addition, we find that the relation between dividend payout and measures of tax avoidance is stronger for firms that experience a non-trivial increase in the dividend payout ratio and that have low institutional ownership, high leverage, and low operating cash flow. Overall, our findings provide persuasive evidence that dividend policy affects the distribution of surplus among shareholders, managers, and the tax authority.
Download or read book Corporate Dividend Policy written by John A. Brittain and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Avoidance at Public Corporations Driven by Shareholder Taxes written by Dan Amiram and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We exploit changes in a country's integration of corporate and shareholder taxes to identify the effect of investor-level taxes on costly corporate tax avoidance. Specifically, we rely on European countries eliminating imputation systems in different years in response to supranational judicial rulings. These eliminations, which are exogenous to the firm, remove managers' disincentive to engage in tax avoidance if they consider investor-level taxes. Using a difference-in-differences model with fixed effects, we find that the average firm affected by an elimination reduces its cash effective tax rate by 5.5 percent. Placebo tests support that this effect is present only for countries and years for which eliminations occur. Consistent with our cross-sectional predictions, we find that the results are stronger for firms with lower growth opportunities, higher dividend payout, lower foreign income, and higher closely held ownership. Further analysis provides evidence consistent with shifting income to foreign countries as one method of tax avoidance employed.
Download or read book Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.
Download or read book Dividend Policy written by George Frankfurter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-06-24 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dividend Policy provides a comprehensive study of dividend policy. It explores the puzzle presented by dividends: irrational and subject to fashion, yet popular and desirable, they remain a priority among managers, even while perceived as largely symbolic. After exploring the history of dividend payments, from the emergence of the modern corporation to current perspectives, it traces the evolution of academic models on dividend policy. Here the authors review models of symmetric and asymmetric information before analyzing academia's accomplishments in solving the dividend puzzle. Related subjects, such as valuation and wealth distribution, round out the authors' presentation about new ways to think about one of the most intriguing subjects in financial economics. The book is recommended for professors and students in departments of finance and business, corporate finance staff, and financial regulators. The only comprehensive study of dividend policy Covers the historical evolution of dividends and academic research on dividend policy Presents new ways of thinking about dividends and dividend policy
Download or read book International Corporate Tax Avoidance A Review of the Channels Magnitudes and Blind Spots written by Sebastian Beer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on international tax avoidance by multinational corporations. It surveys evidence on main channels of corporate tax avoidance including transfer mispricing, international debt shifting, treaty shopping, tax deferral and corporate inversions. Moreover, it performs a meta analysis of the extensive literature that estimates the overall size of profit shifting. We find that the literature suggests that, on average, a 1 percentage-point lower corporate tax rate will expand before-tax income by 1 percent—an effect that is larger than reported as the consensus estimate in previous surveys and tends to be increasing over time. The literature on tax avoidance still has several unresolved puzzles and blind spots that require further research.
Download or read book How to Eliminate Pyramidal Business Groups written by Randall Morck and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments for eliminating the double taxation of dividends apply only to dividends paid by corporations to individuals. The double (and multiple) taxation of dividends paid by one firm to another -- intercorporate dividends - was explicitly included in the 1930s as part of a package of tax and other policies aimed at eliminating United States pyramidal business groups. These structures remain the predominant form of corporate organization outside the United States. The first Roosevelt administration associated them with corporate governance problems, corporate tax avoidance, market power, and an objectionable concentration of economic power. Future tax reforms in the United States should mind the original intent of Congress and the President regarding intercorporate dividend taxation. Foreign governments may find the American experience of value should they desire to eliminate their business groups.
Download or read book Dividend Policy and Corporate Governance written by Luis Correia da Silva and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2004-02-26 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dividends are not only a signal about a firm's prospects under asymmetric information, but they can also act as a corporate governance device to align the management's interests with those of the shareholders. Dividend Policy and Corporate Governance is the first comprehensive volume on the relationship between dividend policy and corporate governance, and examines in detail empirical studies and current theories. Reviewing the interactions between dividend policy and other corporate governance mechanisms, it compares results for the UK and the US with those for other countries such as France, Germany, and Japan, and provides new empirical evidence on corporate governance in continental Europe and its impact on dividends. Focusing on one of the main representatives of this system, Germany, it highlights major differences between the dividend policies of German firms and those of UK or US firms. Conventional wisdom states that German dividends are lower than UK or US dividends, yet on a published-profits basis the exact converse is true. In addition, the authors demonstrate a link between corporate control structures and dividend payouts, report evidence that the existence of a loss is an additional determinant of dividend changes, and demonstrate that the tax status of the controlling shareholder and the firm's dividend payout are not linked. The conclusions reached in this book have important implications for the current debate on corporate governance, making it invaluable for academics, finance professionals, regulators, and legal advisors.
Download or read book Elimination of the Double Tax on Dividends written by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How to Eliminate Pyramidal Business Groups the Double Taxation of Inter Corporate Dividends and Other Incisive Uses of Tax Policy written by Randall Morck and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments for eliminating the double taxation of dividends apply only to dividends paid by corporations to individuals. The double (and multiple) taxation of dividends paid by one firm to another -- intercorporate dividends - was explicitly included in the 1930s as part of a package of tax and other policies aimed at eliminating United States pyramidal business groups. These structures remain the predominant form of corporate organization outside the United States. The first Roosevelt administration associated them with corporate governance problems, corporate tax avoidance, market power, and an objectionable concentration of economic power. Future tax reforms in the United States should mind the original intent of Congress and the President regarding intercorporate dividend taxation. Foreign governments may find the American experience of value should they desire to eliminate their business groups.
Download or read book Taxation Policies and Financial Decisions written by Satya Narayan Mittal and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dividend Policy written by Quoc Trung Tran and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2024-02-19 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research explores the critical role of the business environment in shaping corporate decisions, with a specific focus on dividend policy. Written with a finance and treasury readership in mind, this work will appeal to students, educators, researchers, managers, and policymakers alike.
Download or read book Taxing Corporate Income in the 21st Century written by Alan J. Auerbach and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features state-of-the-art research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.
Download or read book Tax Handbook on Corporate Distributions and Dividends written by D. Larry Crumbley and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1981 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax and Corporate Governance written by Wolfgang Schön and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-12 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic research shows that well-known principal-agent and capital market problems are strongly influenced by tax considerations. Against this background, this volume is the first to present a fully-fledged overview of the interdependence of tax and corporate governance. Not only the basic political, legal and economic questions but also major topics like income measurement, shareholding structures, corporate social responsibility and tax shelter disclosure are covered.
Download or read book Rethinking Double Taxation s Role in Dividend Policy written by Steven A. Bank and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate dividend policy has long been a source of concern in both tax and corporate law. From a tax law perspective, retained earnings potentially escape the high marginal rates imposed on shareholders. From a corporate law perspective, retained earnings increase agency costs for shareholders. With the steady drop in dividends in the last decade, concern over dividend policy has arisen once again. Many commentators attribute the disappearance of the dividend to our corporate income tax system, which quot;trapsquot; retained earnings in the corporation by subjecting dividends to two layers of tax. The assumption is that integrating the corporate and shareholders income taxes - either through a dividend exemption or some other technique - will lead corporations to pay out more money as dividends.Missing from this analysis is any historical perspective on the relationship between taxation and corporate dividend policies. The double taxation of corporate income actually emerged between World War I and II in response to a shift in corporate dividend policies, rather than vice versa. Over that period, managers agreed to a higher rate of tax at the corporate level, and, eventually, to the repeal of the dividend exemption at the shareholder level in exchange for Congress' tacit agreement not to interfere with managerial discretion over undistributed profits. This history not only belies the claim that double taxation is responsible for the disappearance of the dividend, but also suggests that integration of the corporate and shareholder income taxes may not have the effect on corporate dividend policies that its proponents claim.
Download or read book Dividend based Earnings Management written by Eero Kasanen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
