Download or read book Consumptive Water Use in Liquid Fuel Production written by Pasquale D. Battista and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of energy feedstocks and fuels requires substantial water input. Not only do biofuel feedstocks like corn, switchgrass, and agricultural residues need water for growth and conversion to ethanol, but petroleum feedstocks like crude oil and oil sands also require large volumes of water for drilling, extraction, and conversion into petroleum products. Moreover, in many cases, crude oil production is increasingly water dependent. Competing uses strain available water resources and raise the specter of resource depletion and environmental degradation. Water management has become a ke.

Download or read book Consumptive Water Use in the Production of Ethanonl and Petroleum Gasoline written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of energy feedstocks and fuels requires substantial water input. Not only do biofuel feedstocks like corn, switchgrass, and agricultural residues need water for growth and conversion to ethanol, but petroleum feedstocks like crude oil and oil sands also require large volumes of water for drilling, extraction, and conversion into petroleum products. Moreover, in many cases, crude oil production is increasingly water dependent. Competing uses strain available water resources and raise the specter of resource depletion and environmental degradation. Water management has become a key feature of existing projects and a potential issue in new ones. This report examines the growing issue of water use in energy production by characterizing current consumptive water use in liquid fuel production. As used throughout this report, 'consumptive water use' is the sum total of water input less water output that is recycled and reused for the process. The estimate applies to surface and groundwater sources for irrigation but does not include precipitation. Water requirements are evaluated for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from Canadian oil sands, Saudi Arabian crude, and U.S. conventional crude from onshore wells. Regional variations and historic trends are noted, as are opportunities to reduce water use.

Download or read book Consumptive Water Use in the Production of Ethanol and Petroleum Gasoline written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the growing issue of water use in energy production by characterizing current consumptive water use in liquid fuel production. As used throughout this report, "consumptive water use" is the sum total of water input less water output that is recycled and reused for the process. The estimate applies to surface and groundwater sources for irrigation but does not include precipitation. Water requirements are evaluated for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, ethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from Canadian oil sands, Saudi Arabian crude, and U.S. conventional crude from onshore wells.

Download or read book Water in Synthetic Fuel Production written by Ronald F. Probstein and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1978 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a period when easily extractable sources of relatively clean energy are dwindling worldwide and becoming increasingly expensive, the development of new energy sources--compatible with society's existing technology--has become both an urgent national priority and an increasingly competitive commercial venture.One promising source is the manufacture of synthetic fuels from coal and oil shale. A major constraint is that the processes involved require considerable amounts of water--a once-"free" commodity that is itself becoming increasingly scarce and expensive in many areas. "Water in Synthetic Fuel Production" explores both the promise and the constraints that are involved in the large-scale synthesis of such fuels.The authors summarize the problem and the intent of their book as follows: "Plants to manufacture synthetic fuels from coal and oil shale require large quantities of fresh water and produce large quantities of dirty water. In the United States this poses a problem: much of the easily mined coal and almost all of the high-grade oil shale are in the arid West, and local and temporal water shortages sometimes occur where coal supplies are located in the East. In all regions the discharge of contaminated water is constrained by environmental considerations. In this book we have endeavored to present the practically available technology that can be incorporated in synthetic fuel plants to minimize water consumption and pollution. The book is intended to be a guide to understand the role water plays in synthetic fuel production and includes the basic concepts underlying water usage and water treatment in this context...."The book is directed to a wide audience including those responsible for planning energy development, those involved with the engineering and design of synthetic fuel plants, and students and others who desire a background in synthetic fuel production. The book is formally self-contained and all the material--encompassing the disciplines of chemical, mechanical, civil, environmental, and mining engineering--should be accessible to anyone with an undergraduate degree in engineering or the physical sciences."The book describes the various methods of producing synthetic fuels, and the technologies and costs involved in "not" using water. For alternative economic constraints and different levels of water availability, the technologies involved in minimizing the need for water, and in reusing and recycling water, are applied to the manufacture of different synthetic fuels. For a given level of fuel production, the book demonstrates how to calculate the water consumption and the residual solid wastes in various regions of the country.The authors conclude that, applying the criteria of water availability alone, a relatively high level of synthetic fuel production can be supported in the principal coal and shale regions of the United States, excepting only the most arid areas and those where water is already largely allocated.

Download or read book Producing Liquid Fuels from Coal written by James T. Bartis and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008-12-04 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large U.S. coal reserves and viable technology make promising a domestic industry producing liquid fuels from coal. Weighing benefits, costs, and environmental issues, a productive and robust U.S. strategy is to promote a limited amount of early commercial experience in coal-to-liquids production and to prepare the foundation for managing associated greenhouse-gas emissions, both in a way that reduces uncertainties and builds future capabilities.

Download or read book Water for Energy written by Water Resources Council (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Benefits and Challenges of Producing Liquid Fuel from Coal written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Use Implications of California s Future Transportation Fuels written by Jacob Teter and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential of New Mexico written by United States Engineers Corps (Army). and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Consumption Footprint and Land Requirements of Large scale Alternative Diesel and Jet Fuel Production written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Middle distillate (MD) transportation fuels, including diesel and jet fuel, make up almost 30% of liquid fuel consumption in the United States. Alternative drop-in MD and biodiesel could potentially reduce dependence on crude oil and the greenhouse gas intensity of transportation. However, the water and land resource requirements of these novel fuel production technologies must be better understood. This analysis quantifies the lifecycle green and blue water consumption footprints of producing: MD from conventional crude oil; Fischer-Tropsch MD from natural gas and coal; fermentation and advanced fermentation MD from biomass; and hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids MD and biodiesel from oilseed crops, throughout the contiguous United States. We find that FT MD and alternative MD derived from rainfed biomass have lifecycle blue water consumption footprints of 1.6 to 20.1Lwater/LMD, comparable to conventional MD, which ranges between 4.1 and 7.4 Lwater/LMD. feedstock-to-fuel production pathway. Alternative MD derived from irrigated biomass has a lifecycle blue water consumption footprint potentially several orders of magnitude larger, between 2.7 and 22600 Lwater/LMD. Alternative MD derived from biomass has a lifecycle green water consumption footprint between 1.1 and 19200 Lwater/LMD. Results are disaggregated to characterize the relationship between geo-spatial location and lifecycle water consumption footprint. We also quantify the trade-offs between blue water consumption footprint and areal MD productivity, which ranges from 490 to 4200 LMD/ha, under assumptions of rainfed and irrigated biomass cultivation. Finally, we show that if biomass cultivation for alternative MD is irrigated, the ratio of the increase in areal MD productivity to the increase in blue water consumption footprint is a function of geo-spatial location and feedstock-to-fuel production pathway.

Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential of Colorado Exhibits and appendices written by United States Engineers Corps (Army). and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential written by Ford, Bacon, and Davis and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of a report on the survey of 37 states and Alaska, and a summary for the United States.

Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential of Colorado Text written by United States Engineers Corps (Army). and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Supply Act Title II Synthetic Fuels Production Act Title VI written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential written by and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuel Potential of Utah written by United States Engineers Corps (Army). and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-02-09 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National interests in greater energy independence, concurrent with favorable market forces, have driven increased production of corn-based ethanol in the United States and research into the next generation of biofuels. The trend is changing the national agricultural landscape and has raised concerns about potential impacts on the nation's water resources. To help illuminate these issues, the National Research Council held a colloquium on July 12, 2007 in Washington, DC. Water Implications of Biofuels Production in the United States, based in part on discussions at the colloquium, concludes that if projected future increases in use of corn for ethanol production do occur, the increase in harm to water quality could be considerable from the increases in fertilizer use, pesticide use, and soil erosion associated with growing crops such as corn. Water supply problems could also develop, both from the water needed to grow biofuels crops and water used at ethanol processing plants, especially in regions where water supplies are already overdrawn. The production of "cellulosic ethanol," derived from fibrous material such as wheat straw, native grasses, and forest trimmings is expected to have less water quality impact but cannot yet be produced on a commerical scale. To move toward a goal of reducing water impacts of biofuels, a policy bridge will likely be needed to encourage growth of new technologies, best agricultural practies, and the development of traditional and cellulosic crops that require less water and fertilizer and are optimized for fuel production.