Download or read book Constitutively Expressed Heat Shock Proteins in the Rat Nervous System written by Sheng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps) has been established as a characteristic feature of the heat shock response. Some Hsps are constitutively expressed in non-stressed cells. Constitutive Hsps may be of particular importance in the mammalian nervous system because of their higher expression levels in the neural tissues than other tissues. In this thesis, we examined the expression levels of constitutive Hsps in different classes of neurons, and investigated the involvement of Hsc70 in the neuronal heat shock response. Quantitative immunohistochemistry analysis revealed differing expression levels of constitutive Hsc70 and Hsp27 in different populations of neurons. Motor neurons in the spinal cord showed high levels of Hsc70 compared to dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra while neurons in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus demonstrate even lower levels of Hsc70. Hsp27 was constitutively expressed at high levels in motor neurons of the spinal cord but was not detectable in neurons of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and substantia nigra. Other constitutively expressed Hsps, such as Hsp110, Hsp90, Hsp60 and Hsp40, did not demonstrate significant differences in levels in the various classes of neurons. The widely differing levels of constitutive Hsc70 and Hsp27 in different classes of neurons may have implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural cell types showing high levels of Hsc70 and Hsp27 may have a high buffering capacity against protein misfolding disorders. Following thermal stress, Hsc70 demonstrated a translocation to synapse-enriched areas of the cerebral cortex where it associated with Hsp40 to form a complex that can refold denatured proteins. The induction of Hsp70 was mainly observed in glial cells. Our results suggest that the heat shock response in the nervous system involves not only the synthesis of stress-inducible Hsps but also the redeployment of constitutively expressed Hsc70 to the synapse-enriched areas. Lipid rafts are an important compartment of synapses and platforms for signal transduction complexes involved in neurotransmission events. A set of constitutive Hsps was associated with lipid rafts and did not show major changes following thermal stress, suggesting that they may play roles in maintaining the stability of lipid raft-associated signal transduction complexes following neural stress.
Download or read book Localization of Constitutive and Hyperthermia induced Heat Shock Proteins to Synapses of the Rat Brain written by David Alexander Bechtold and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the expression of heat shock proteins Hsp90, Hsc70, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp32 and Hsp27 in rat brain tissues under normal physiological conditions and following hyperthermic stress. Specifically this study has assessed whether these heat shock proteins localize to synaptic structures in the mammalian brain. Western blot analysis of synaptic fractions derived from control animals demonstrated the presence of constitutively expressed Hsp90, Hsc70 and Hsp60. In addition, hyperthermia caused the association of stress-induced Hsp70, Hsp32 and Hsp27 with synaptic components. The localization of constitutive Hsc70 and hyperthermia-induced Hsp70, Hsp32 and Hsp27 to synaptic sites in the rat cerebellum was visualized using electron microscope immunocytochemistry. These findings suggest that heat shock proteins play a role in synaptic function under normal conditions and may facilitate the repair and recovery of synaptic structures following stress.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS written by Christian Alzheimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the very limited capacity of regeneration in the brain, protecting neurons that are on the brink of death is a major challenge for basic and clinical neuroscience, with implications for a broad spectrum of acute and chronic neurological and psychiatric diseases. This book brings together leading experts from neurobiology, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroimmunology and clinical neuroscience to highlight the most recent milestones in this rapidly evolving field. The book will serve as a reference for both basic neuroscientists and clinicians interested in an authoritative update on the molecular and cellular biology of neuroprotection and its promises for new therapeutic strategies.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins and the Brain Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroprotection written by Alexzander A.A. Asea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases on the rise as average life expectancy increases, the hunt for effective treatments and preventive measures for these disorders is a pressing challenge. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been termed ‘protein misfolding disorders’ that are char- terized by the neural accumulation of protein aggregates. Manipulation of the cellular stress response involving the induction of heat shock proteins offers a the- peutic strategy to counter conformational changes in neural proteins that trigger pathogenic cascades resulting in neurodegenerative diseases. Heat shock proteins are protein repair agents that provide a line of defense against misfolded, aggregati- prone proteins. Heat Shock Proteins and the Brain: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuroprotection reviews current progress on neural heat shock proteins (HSP) in relation to neurodegenerative diseases (Part I), neuroprotection (Part II), ext- cellular HSP (Part III) and aging and control of life span (Part IV). Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities and hospitals around the world contribute chapters that review present research activity and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for researchers, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in the fields of Neuroscience, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Molecular Medicine, Aging, Physiology, Pharmacology and Pathology.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins in Neuroscience written by Alexzander A. A. Asea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Heat Shock Proteins in Neuroscience provides the most comprehensive review on contemporary knowledge on the role of HSP in signaling pathways relevant to a number of diseases. Using an integrative approach, the contributors provide a synopsis of novel mechanisms, signal transduction pathways. To enhance the ease of reading and comprehension, this book has been subdivided into various section including; Section I, reviews current progress on our understanding of Neurological Aspects of HSP; Section II, focuses on Aspects of HSP in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Disorders, Section III, emphasizes the importance of HSP in Multiple Sclerosis; Section IV, reviews critical Aspects of HSP in Alzheimer’s Disease and Section V, gives a comprehensive update of the Development of HSP-Based Therapies for Neurological Disorders. Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities, academic medical hospitals, biotechnology and pharmaceutical laboratories around the world have contributed chapters that review present research activity and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for starters and professionals in the fields of Neurology and Neurosciences, Translational Medicine, Clinical Research, Human Physiology, Biotechnology, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical Scientists and Researchers involved in Drug Discovery.
Download or read book Measles Virus Nucleoprotein written by Sonia Longhi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measles virus possesses a non segmented, single stranded, negative sense RNA genome that is encapsidated by the nucleoprotein to form a helical nucleocapsid. This ribonucleoproteic complex is the substrate for both transcription and replication. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase binds to the nucleocapsid template via its co-factor, the phosphoprotein. This book focuses on the main structural information available on the nucleoprotein, showing that it consists of a structured core (NCORE) and of an intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL). The functional implications of the disordered nature of NTAIL are discussed in light of the ability of disordered regions to establish interactions with multiple partners, thus leading to multiple biological effects. Indeed, beyond the phosphoprotein, NTAIL also interacts with cellular partners, including the major heat shock protein, hsp72, the interferon regulator factor 3, IRF3, and a yet unidentified cellular receptor referred to as NR. This book consists of two chapters devoted to the general functions of the nucleoprotein in transcription and replication and to a detailed overview of its structural properties, and of three chapters focused on the functional relevance of the interaction between NTAIL and its various intracellular and extracellular partners.
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins in Neural Cells written by Christiane Richter-Landsberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-22 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable new title addresses the role of heat shock proteins and cellular stress responses in the brain, with a major focus on nerve cells and glia, namely oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Heat shock proteins are involved in many physiological processes, including development and differentiation, organisation of the cytoarchitecture by binding to cytoskeletal elements, and regulation of the balance between cell death and survival.
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Uday Kishore and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the pathophysiological complexities of the mechanisms and factors that are likely to be involved in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, other Dementia, Parkinson Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. The spectrum of diverse factors involved in neurodegeneration, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, caspases and secretase, regulators, cholesterol, zinc, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc, have been discussed in the context of disease progression. In addition, novel approaches to therapeutic interventions have also been presented. It is hoped that students, scientists and clinicians shall find this very informative book immensely useful and thought-provoking.
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Download or read book Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer written by Stuart K. Calderwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat shock proteins are emerging as important molecules in the development of cancer and as key targets in cancer therapy. These proteins enhance the growth of cancer cells and protect tumors from treatments such as drugs or surgery. However, new drugs have recently been developed particularly those targeting heat shock protein 90. As heat shock protein 90 functions to stabilize many of the oncogenes and growth promoting proteins in cancer cells, such drugs have broad specificity in many types of cancer cell and offer the possibility of evading the development of resistance through point mutation or use of compensatory pathways. Heat shock proteins have a further property that makes them tempting targets in cancer immunotherapy. These proteins have the ability to induce an inflammatory response when released in tumors and to carry tumor antigens to antigen presenting cells. They have thus become important components of anticancer vaccines. Overall, heat shock proteins are important new targets in molecular cancer therapy and can be approached in a number of contrasting approaches to therapy.
Download or read book Heat Shock Protein 60 in Human Diseases and Disorders written by Alexzander A. A. Asea and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Heat Shock Protein 60 in Human Diseases and Disorders provides the most comprehensive review on contemporary knowledge on the role of HSP60 in human diseases and disorders. Using an integrative approach, the contributors provide a synopsis of novel mechanisms and signal transduction pathways. To enhance the ease of reading and comprehension the book has further been subdivided into various section including; Section I: Biomolecular Aspects of HSP60; Section II: HSP60 and Cancer; Section III: HSP60 and Inflammatory Diseases and Disorders; Section IV: HSP60 and Cardiovascular Diseases and Disorders; Section V: HSP60 and Neurological and Neurosciences; Section VI: Biomolecular Aspects of HSP60; Section VII: HSP60 and Skeletal Muscle Diseases and Disorders; and Section VIII: HSP60 in Human Health. Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities, academic medical hospitals, biotechnology and pharmaceutical laboratories around the world have contributed chapters that review present research activity and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for graduate students. medical students, basic science researchers and postdoctoral scholars in the fields of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research, Human Physiology, Biotechnology, Neurology & Neuroscience, Oncology, Cardiovascular Disease, Skeletal Muscle Diseases and Disorders, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical Scientists and Researchers involved in Drug Discovery.
Download or read book Translation and Its Regulation in Cancer Biology and Medicine written by Armen Parsyan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, for the first time, comprehensively assembles and analyzes a large body of information on the role of the fundamental mechanism of the protein biosynthesis pathway, translation, in cancer biology. It systematically explores the function of the translation machinery and its regulation, including cell signaling, in the development, maintenance and progression of human cancer. The work presented here unveils the tremendous potential and applications of this vast and exciting branch of genetic, biochemical and molecular science in cancer medicine and drug development. Chapters contributed by experts in the field take the reader on a journey that starts with a dissection of the translation machinery and its regulation in norm and cancer. Later chapters characterize etiological and pathogenetic roles that translation plays in specific cancer types. Various aspects of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of the translation machinery and its control in cancer are discussed. Readers will discover the importance of the process of translation and its regulatory mechanisms in physiology and cancer biology. The chapters and the numerous illustrations included here were contributed by expert scientists and clinicians from renowned academic and clinical establishments in Canada, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, Belgium, Spain, Germany and Australia. The book conveys information and knowledge that may interest a broad range of students and scholars ranging from basic scientists to clinicians and drug developers seeking to better understand the protein synthesis and its aberrations in cancer biology and cancer medicine.
Download or read book Regulation of Heat Shock Protein Responses written by Alexzander A A Asea and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-01 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This books provides the most up-to-date reviews on current advances in our understanding of the regulation of heat shock protein responses. Key basic scientists and clinical research laboratories from major universities, academic medical centers and pharmaceutical companies around the world have contributed chapters that review present research activity and importantly project this field into the future. For easy readability, the book is sub divided into four sections, including, Section I - HSP and Stress Responses; Section II - Chaperone Functions of HSP; Section III - HSP in Human Diseases; Section IV - Prognosis & Diagnosis of HSP. The book is a must read for researchers involved in biomedical research, drug discovery and design to improve human health.
Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur
Download or read book The Mammalian Spinal Cord written by Charles Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-04-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mammalian Spinal Cord provides a comprehensive account of the anatomy and histology of the spinal cord. The text covers the cytoarchitecture, chemoarchitecture, motor neuron distribution, long tracts, autonomic outflow, and gene expression in the spinal cord. A feature of the book is the inclusion of segment-by-segment atlases of the spinal cords of rat, mouse, newborn mouse, marmoset, rhesus monkey, and human. This book is an essential reference for researchers studying the spinal cord.
Download or read book The Rat Nervous System written by George Paxinos and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2004-05-05 with total page 1329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the standard reference on the nervous system of the rat is a complete and updated revision of the 1994 second edition. All chapters have been extensively updated, and new chapters added covering early segmentation, growth factors, and glia. The book is now aligned with the data available in the Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, making it an excellent companion to this bestselling atlas. Physiological data, functional concepts, and correlates to human anatomy and function round out the new edition. Designed to be used in conjunction with the bestselling Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates New to this edition is inclusion of physiological data, functional concepts, and correlates to human anatomy and function in each chapter Contains new chapters on early segmentation of the central nervous system, growth factors and glia
Download or read book Leong s Manual of Diagnostic Antibodies for Immunohistology written by Runjan Chetty and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-28 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a unique A-Z guide to antibodies for immunohistology, this is an indispensable source for pathologists to ensure the correct application of immunohistochemistry in daily practice. Each entry includes commercial sources, clones, descriptions of stained proteins/epitopes, the full staining spectrum of normal and tumor tissues, staining pattern and cellular localization, the range of conditions of immunoreactivity, and pitfalls of the antibody's immunoprofile, giving pathologists a truly thorough quick-reference guide to sources, preparation and applications of specific antibodies. Appendices provide useful quick-reference tables of antibody panels for differential diagnoses, as well as summaries of diagnostic applications. Expanded from previous editions with over forty new entries, this handbook for diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and research applications of antibodies is an essential desktop book for practicing pathologists as well as researchers, residents and trainees.
