Download or read book Conditional Discriminative Functions of Meaningful Stimuli and Enhanced Equivalence Class Formation written by Roxana I. Nedelcu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments explored how the formation of two 3-node, 5- member equivalence classes by college students was influenced by the prior acquisition of conditional discriminative functions by one of the abstract stimuli, designated as C, in the class. In Experiment 1, participants in the GR-0, GR-1, and GR-5 groups attempted to form classes after mastering 0, 1 or 5 conditional relations between C and abstract stimuli that were not included in the to-be-formed classes. Participants in the GR-many group attempted to form classes that contained four abstract stimuli and one meaningful, familiar picture that served as the C stimulus. In Experiment 1, the percentage of participants who formed classes in the GR-0, -1, and -5 groups was a direct function of the number of conditional relations that C formed with other stimuli in preliminary training, with the GR-5 group producing a yield similar to that produced when a meaningful picture was the C stimulus (i.e., in the GR-many condition). Two factors differentiated GR-1 and GR-5 pre-training: the number of conditional relations trained to C, and the number of training trials in the presence of the C stimuli. Experiment 2 found that the increase in yield produced by GR-5 was due to number of trained C-based relations and not to the amount of training. Furthermore, Experiment 2 showed that enhancement of class formation after GR-1 pre-training is not improved by linking the C stimulus with a meaningful picture instead of a meaningless stimulus. These results along with recently published research support the view that the class enhancing effect of meaningful stimuli can be attributed to their acquired conditional discriminative and simple discriminative functions, in addition to their connotative and denotative functions.
Download or read book Enhanced Equivalence Class Formation by Prior Discrimination Training written by Robert W. Travis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This experiment documented the effects of manipulating the type, mastery criterion, and overtraining used during prior discrimination training on the likelihood of subsequent equivalence class formation. Seven groups of college students attempted to form two, 3-node, 5-member equivalence classes (ABCDE) using the simultaneous protocol. In the PIC condition, the A, B, D, and E stimuli were nonsense syllables while the C stimuli were pictures of common objects. In all other conditions, the stimuli were nonsense syllables. In the ABS condition, no prior discrimination training was conducted. In all remaining groups, some discrimination training was conducted with the C stimuli before participants attempted to form equivalence classes. In the 84-0-0 condition, participants received simultaneous discrimination training with the C stimuli. In the 84-5-0, 84-20-0, 84-20-100, and 84-20-500 conditions, participants received simultaneous and successive discrimination training but different numbers of successive discrimination trials were presented across groups. Ten percent and 85% formed classes (yield) in the ABS and PIC conditions. Simultaneous discrimination training alone produced a slight increase in yield relative to no discrimination training. Combined simultaneous and successive training produced a greater increase in yield than did simultaneous training only. Yields following increases in pre-class formation successive discrimination training remained stable around 50% until 500 overtraining trials were conducted, at which point, the yield was similar to that obtained when a meaningful picture was used as a member of an equivalence class. Thus, the class-enhancing properties of meaningful stimuli can be replicated by providing a considerable amount of overtraining of one behavioral function served by a meaningful stimulus.
Download or read book Comparison of Stimulus Equivalence Class Formation Using Visual Stimuli with One Or Two Discriminative Dimensions written by Michael Graff Alspaugh and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research on Emotion and Learning Contributions from Latin America written by Camilo Hurtado-Parrado and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-05-11 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America has increased its share of world scientific publications by nearly twofold during the last two decades (approximately from 2 to 4%). Despite this positive trend, the scholarly impact of scientific research produced in the region - measured in terms of citation rate - remains low. Two interrelated factors that contribute to this situation is that most research groups tend to work in isolation or in local sporadic collaboration, and results are often published in journals that are not indexed in major citation databases (e.g., SCOPUS, or Web of Science). Ultimately, part of Latin American high-quality research seems to remain hidden from the rest of the world. Over the last decades, an important number of Latin American scientists have developed fruitful research agendas on questions on learning and emotion, focusing on basic and/or translational research with humans and other animal models, and implementing diverse methodologies. Notwithstanding the important contributions of these research programs, Latin American research on emotion and learning has followed the overall trend of other research fields throughout the region; namely, remaining partially hidden from the large scientific community of the world. This Research Topic aimed to engage researchers from Latin America to share their empirical and conceptual work on learning and emotion. Ultimately, this effort was expected to strengthen and integrate our regional community of experts, enhance global networking, and establish new challenges and developments for future investigation.
Download or read book Handbook of Research Methods in Human Operant Behavior written by Kennon A. Lattal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A host of special methodological issues arise in any discussion of research on human behavior. This practical new volume addresses many of those questions with 19 superb contributions from leading experts in the field. The text evaluates specific strategies and techniques used in laboratory settings, including - reinforcement and punishment - stimulus control - behavioral pharmacology - and methodologies concerning verbal and social behavior, among others. The book includes 135 illustrations and a notable Appendix that offers the APA's ethical guidelines for research with human subjects.
Download or read book Stimulus Class Formation in Humans and Animals written by T.R. Zentall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-24 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus class formation has been studied independently by two groups of researchers. One group has come out of a learning theory approach, while the second has developed out of a behavior analytic tradition. The purpose of the present volume is to further establish the ties between these two research areas while allowing for differences in approach to the questions asked. The book is loosely organized around four themes. The first two sections deal with what constitutes functional and equivalence classes in animals and humans. In the third section, the authors attempt to identify stimulus control variables that contribute to the formation of equivalences classes. The last section deals with the complex issue of the role of verbal behavior in equivalence classes. The goal of the book is to provide the reader with a better understanding of the current state of research and theory in stimulus class formation. It is also hoped that it will stimulate research into how and under what conditions, stimulus classes can form.
Download or read book Verbal Behavior written by Burrhus Frederic Skinner and published by New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. This book was released on 1957 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Derived Relational Responding Applications for Learners with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities written by Ruth Anne Rehfeldt and published by New Harbinger Publications. This book was released on 2009-04-02 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Copublished with Context Press Derived Relational Responding offers a series of revolutionary intervention programs for applied work in human language and cognition targeted at students with autism and other developmental disabilities. It presents a program drawn from derived stimulus relations that you can use to help students of all ages acquire foundational and advanced verbal, social, and cognitive skills. The first part of Derived Relational Responding provides step-by-step instructions for helping students learn relationally, acquire rudimentary verbal operants, and develop other basic language skills. In the second section of this book, you'll find ways to enhance students' receptive and expressive repertoires by developing their ability to read, spell, construct sentences, and use grammar. Finally, you'll find out how to teach students to apply the skills they've learned to higher order cognitive and social functions, including perspective-taking, empathy, mathematical reasoning, intelligence, and creativity. This applied behavior analytic training approach will help students make many substantial and lasting gains in language and cognition not possible with traditional interventions.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 21st Century Psychology A Reference Handbook written by Stephen F. Davis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1073 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates in the field of psychology. Provides material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas.
Download or read book The Psychology of Word Meanings written by Paula J. Schwanenflugel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains perspectives from a collection of cognitive scientists on the psychological, philosophical, and educational issues surrounding the meanings of words and how these meanings are learned and accessed. It features chapters covering the nature and structure of word meaning, how new word meanings are acquired in childhood and later on in life, and how research in word processing may tell us something about the way in which word meanings are represented and how they relate to the language processor.
Download or read book Comparative Cognition written by Edward A. Wasserman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1978, Hulse, Fowler, and Honig published Cognitive Processes in Animal Behavior, an edited volume that was a landmark in the scientific study of animal intelligence. It liberated interest in complex learning and cognition from the grasp of the rigid theoretical structures of behaviorism that had prevailed during the previous four decades, and as a result, the field of comparative cognition was born. At long last, the study of the cognitive capacities of animals other than humans emerged as a worthwhile scientific enterprise. No less rigorous than purely behavioristic investigations, studies of animal intelligence spanned such wide-ranging topics as perception, spatial learning and memory, timing and numerical competence, categorization and conceptualization, problem solving, rule learning, and creativity. During the ensuing 25 years, the field of comparative cognition has thrived and grown, and public interest in it has risen to unprecedented levels. In their quest to understand the nature and mechanisms of intelligence, researchers have studied animals from bees to chimpanzees. Sessions on comparative cognition have become common at meetings of the major societies for psychology and neuroscience, and in fact, research in comparative cognition has increased so much that a separate society, the Comparative Cognition Society, has been formed to bring it together. This volume celebrates comparative cognition's first quarter century with a state-of-the-art collection of chapters covering the broad realm of the scientific study of animal intelligence. Comparative Cognition will be an invaluable resource for students and professional researchers in all areas of psychology and neuroscience.
Download or read book Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.
Download or read book Understanding Verbal Relations written by Steven C. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays explores verbal relations from a behavioral point of view. Of particular interest is the treatment of stimulus equivalence given in this volume.
Download or read book Essentials of Social Psychology written by Michael A. Hogg and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2009-12-14 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essentials of Social Psychology provides a clear, concise and engaging introduction to the field. Covering all the major topics and theoretical perspectives, this exciting new book provides straightforward explanation of key terms and concepts in a lively and student-friendly manner. Debates and controversies are brought to life and the wider practical relevance of the subject is emphasised throughout. Pedagogical features that appear across the book include Research Classic sections which describe classic studies, Research Applications boxes that highlight more contemporary developments in social psychological research and their practical applications, Real World features that look at the everyday relevance of social psychology, and Literature, Film and TV features that demonstrate how social psychological concepts are dealt with in popular media. An international balance of research alerts students to the cross cultural dimensions of social psychology Essentials of Social Psychology is accompanied by MyPsychLab, an interactive online study resource designed to help students to consolidate and further their understanding. Together, the book and online support make this an ideal resource for those studying the subject for the first time, or as part of a more general programme of study.
Download or read book Relational Frame Theory written by Steven C. Hayes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-30 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume goes beyond theory and gives the empirical and conceptual tools to conduct an experimental analysis of virtually every substantive topic in human language and cognition, both basic and applied. It challenges behavioral psychology to abandon many of the specific theoretical formulations of its most prominent historical leader in the domain of complex human behavior, especially in human language and cognition, and approach the field from a new direction. It will be of interest to behavior theorists, cognitive psychologists, therapists, and educators.
Download or read book Science And Human Behavior written by B.F Skinner and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychology classic—a detailed study of scientific theories of human nature and the possible ways in which human behavior can be predicted and controlled—from one of the most influential behaviorists of the twentieth century and the author of Walden Two. “This is an important book, exceptionally well written, and logically consistent with the basic premise of the unitary nature of science. Many students of society and culture would take violent issue with most of the things that Skinner has to say, but even those who disagree most will find this a stimulating book.” —Samuel M. Strong, The American Journal of Sociology “This is a remarkable book—remarkable in that it presents a strong, consistent, and all but exhaustive case for a natural science of human behavior…It ought to be…valuable for those whose preferences lie with, as well as those whose preferences stand against, a behavioristic approach to human activity.” —Harry Prosch, Ethics
