Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-09-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas. Pub/ius Vergilius Mara Forests have long been one of mankind's most important natural re sources and not the least because forests are, if properly managed, re newable. They serve us in many different ways, but above all in pro viding us with wood, one of the most remarkable and useful of all natural materials. Reaction wood, compression wood in gymnosperms and tension wood in the arboreal angiosperms, serves the function of making it possible for trees to perform movements. In the ancient Ginkgo and in the conifers, the ability to form compression wood is of vital importance to each and every tree. Compression wood plays a crucial role in the regulation of tree form in these gymnosperms, and their arborescent habit probably depends on their ability to develop this tissue. Few forest and plantation trees are devoid of compression wood in their stem, and all of them have it in their branches. Unfortu nately, what is necessary and beneficial for the tree in this case is harmful to mankind, for compression wood is a very serious defect in both sawtimber and pulpwood. It is now almost 20 years since the last complete survey of compres sion wood was published, namely Arthur H. Westing's excellent review of this subject. My major objective in writing the present book has been to bring together in one single work everything that is currently known about compression wood.
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms Ecology of compression wood formation silviculture and compression wood written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of Compression Wood Formation Silviculture and Compression Wood written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecology of Compression Wood Formation Silviculture and Compression Wood Mechanism of Compression Wood Action Compression Wood in the Lumber and Pulp and Paper Industries Compression Wood Induced by the Balsam Woolly Aphid Opposite Wood written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 811 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Biology of Reaction Wood written by Barry Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms Ecology of compression wood formation silviculture and compression wood written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms written by Tore E. Timell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compression Wood in Gymnosperms Occurrence of stem branch and root compression woods written by Tore E. Timell and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass written by Pentti Hakkila and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in the demand for wood results in improved recovery and less residual biomass in the forests. Paradoxically, interest in forest residue as a renewable source of raw material seems to be in a reverse ratio to its availability in a certain area. Finland and Sweden are probably more dependent on forestry and forest in dustries than any other developed countries in the world. A sufficiency of raw ma terial for integrated forest industries is vital for the national economy of both countries, and a great deal of attention is being paid to the long-term potential of unutilized biomass left behind in logging operations. Furthermore, since these countries possess no reserves of fossil fuels, and since their per-capita consump tion of primary energy is exceptionally high, they also consider unmerchantable forest biomass a realistic source of indigenous energy. A joint Nordic research project on harvesting and utilization of logging residue was carried out in 1969-1976 under the auspices of the Nordic Research Council on Forest Operations. This fruitful cooperation soon gave rise to related national projects in Sweden, Finland, Norway, and Denmark, stimulating further research and producing practical applications. Concurrently, particularly after the worldwide energy crisis in 1973, research on all aspects of utilization of forest bio mass mushroomed in the United States, Canada, and the Soviet Union. An ex plosive increase occurred in both the number and diversity of biomass studies.
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Holzforschung written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation written by Jörg Fromm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.
Download or read book Forest Products and Wood Science written by Rubin Shmulsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated seventh edition of the classic text on wood science and forestry The seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction offers a fully revised and updated review of the forest products industry. This classic text contains a comprehensive review of the subject and presents a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physical nature of wood. The authors emphasize its use as an industrial raw material. Forest Products and Wood Science provides thorough coverage of all aspects of wood science and industry, ranging from tree growth and wood anatomy to a variety of economically important wood products, along with their applications and performance. The text explores global raw materials, the increasing use of wood as a source of energy and chemicals and environmental implications of the use of wood. This edition features new material on structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals, and global raw materials. This seventh edition of the classic work: Contains new information on a variety of topics including: structural composites, non-structural composites, durability and protection, pulp and paper, energy and chemicals and global raw materials Includes a fully revised text that meets the changing needs of the forestry, engineering, and wood science academics and professionals Presents material written by authors with broad experience in both the private and academic sectors Written for undergraduate students in forestry, natural resources, engineering, and wood science, as well as forest industry personnel, engineers, wood-based manufacturing and using professionals, the seventh edition of Forest Products and Wood Science updates the classic text that has become an indispensable resource.
Download or read book Australian Forestry written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 780 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiology of Woody Plants written by Paul Kramer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiology of Woody Plants explains how physiological processes are involved in growth of woody plants and how they are affected by the environment, including the mechanisms of the processes themselves. Organized into 17 chapters, this book discusses the role of plant physiology, as well as the form and structure of woody plant. It also explores the nature and periodicity of shoot, cambial, root, and reproductive growth of trees of the temperate and tropical zones. Other topics elucidated are the process of photosynthesis and respiration, the various substances found in woody plants, plant nutrition, and factors affecting plant growth. This book will be valuable as a text to students and teachers and as a reference to investigators and others who desire a better understanding of how woody plants grow.
