Download or read book Competition law enforcement in digital markets e Book written by FALCE VALERIA and published by G Giappichelli Editore. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key structuring elements of today’s digital econ-omy are digital markets and services (i.e., the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act) leading to a new season in the area of innovation policies. It is the season of the centralization of governance and enforcement powers in the hands of the European Commission, through which the European Union sets direction and speed. The direction looks forward to empowering the protagonists of the digital ecosystem and properly running the markets. The keywords of the new policies are indeed fairness, openness, and non-discrimination. The speed is the one recognized by innovation: from rigid and static obligations and prohibitions, the European commission proposed flexible and dynamic guidance, responding to market developments and requests from Member States, which recommend proposals for modernization, revision and introduction of new rules.
Download or read book Competition law enforcement in digital markets written by FALCE VALERIA and published by G Giappichelli Editore. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coherence between Data Protection and Competition Law in Digital Markets written by Klaudia Majcher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-09 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In digital markets, data protection and competition law affect each other in diverse and intricate ways. Their entanglement has triggered a global debate on how these two areas of law should interact to effectively address new harms and ensure that the digital economy flourishes. Coherence between Data Protection and Competition Law in Digital Markets offers a blueprint for bridging the disconnect between data protection and competition law and ensuring a coherent approach towards their enforcement in digital markets. Specifically, this book focuses on the evolution of data protection and competition law, their underlying rationale, their key features and common objectives, and provides a series of examples to demonstrate how the same empirical phenomena in digital markets pose a common challenge to protecting personal data and promoting market competitiveness. A panoply of theoretical and empirical commonalities between these two fields of law, as this volume shows, are barely mirrored in the legal, enforcement, policy, and institutional approaches in the EU and beyond, where the silo approach continues to prevail. The ideas that Majcher puts forward for a more synergetic integration of data protection and competition law are anchored in the concept of 'sectional coherence'. This new coherence-centred paradigm reimagines the interpretation and enforcement of data protection and competition law as mutually cognizant and reciprocal, allowing readers to explore, in an innovative way, the interface between these legal fields and identify positive interactions, instead of merely addressing inconsistencies and tensions. This book reflects on the conceptual, practical, institutional, and constitutional implications of the transition towards coherence and the relevance of its findings for other jurisdictions.
Download or read book EU Competition Law Data Protection and Online Platforms Data as Essential Facility written by Inge Graef and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All are agreed that the digital economy contributes to a dynamic evolution of markets and competition. Nonetheless, concerns are increasingly raised about the market dominance of a few key players. Because these companies hold the power to drive rivals out of business, regulators have begun to seek scope for competition enforcement in cases where companies claim that withholding data is needed to satisfy customers and cut costs. This book is the first focus on how competition law enforcement tools can be applied to refusals of dominant firms to give access data on online platforms such as search engines, social networks, and e-commerce platforms – commonly referred to as the ‘gatekeepers’ of the Internet. The question arises whether the denial of a dominant firm to grant competitors access to its data could constitute a ‘refusal to deal’ and lead to competition law liability under the so-called ‘essential facilities doctrine', according to which firms need access to shared knowledge in order to be able to compete. A possible duty to share data with rivals also brings to the forefront the interaction of competition law with data protection legislation considering that the required information may include personal data of individuals. Building on the refusal to deal concept, and using a multidisciplinary approach, the analysis covers such issues and topics as the following: – data portability; – interoperability; – data as a competitive advantage or entry barrier in digital markets; – market definition and dominance with respect to data; – disruptive versus sustaining innovation; – role of intellectual property regimes; – economic trade-off in essential facilities cases; – relationship of competition enforcement with data protection law and – data-related competition concerns in merger cases. The author draws on a wealth of relevant material, including EU and US decision-making practice, case law, and policy documents, as well as economic and empirical literature on the link between competition and innovation. The book concludes with a proposed framework for the application of the essential facilities doctrine to potential forms of abuse of dominance relating to data. In addition, it makes suggestions as to how data protection interests can be integrated into competition policy. An invaluable contribution to ongoing academic and policy discussions about how data-related competition concerns should be addressed under competition law, the analysis clearly demonstrates how existing competition tools for market definition and assessment of dominance can be applied to online platforms. It will be of immeasurable value to the many jurists, business persons, and academics concerned with this very timely subject.
Download or read book Digital Competition Law in Europe written by Marc Wiggers and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2023-07-14 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Digital competition’, a term and concept that has risen to the forefront of competition law, may be viewed as both promising and cautionary: on the one hand, it brings the promises of increased speed, efficiency and objectivity, and, on the other, it entails potential pitfalls such as hard-to-identify pathways to unfair pricing, dominant positions and their potential abuse, restriction of choice and abuse of personal data. Accordingly, jurisdictions around the world are taking measures to deal with the phenomenon. In this concise but thoroughly researched book – both informative and practical – lawyers from two prominent firms with specialised digital competition teams take stock and examine the state of digital competition in the enforcement practices of six competition authorities in Europe, most of these forerunners in the field of digital competition policy and enforcement. The competition authorities surveyed are those of the European Union, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. For each, an overview, spanning the period from 2012 to mid-2022 but including as many landmark cases as possible up to and including December 2022, includes not only landmark cases in which digital technologies have had a significant impact on the competition law outcome but also guidance documents such as speeches, policy statements, industry surveys and research reports. Activities and enforcement practices of the various authorities include the following and more: degree of activity; focus of the activity; enforcement styles; enforcement instruments; visible effectiveness of enforcement; and important insights and outlooks. Each overview contains separate chapters on cartel prohibition, the prohibition of abuse of a dominant position and merger control. Additional chapters – partially written by guest authors (who are all without a doubt true thought leaders: Tristan Byrne, Giuseppe Colangelo, Ai Deng, Teodora Groza, Daniel Mândrescu, Wolf Sauter, Thibault Schrépel, and Gareth Shier) – evaluate the similarities and differences in the enforcement practices and the positive and negative effects of digital competition in the jurisdictions investigated, the economic context, the most important game changers, and a concluding chapter offers recommendations. An indispensable guide to quickly and accessibly acquiring in-depth knowledge of competition law in the digital sector, this matchless volume is a must-read for any practitioner or academic who encounters competition law related to digital markets. The dilemmas and challenges of the new competition law reality – which is here already, like it or not – are clearly explained here for the benefit of regulators, academics, policymakers, judges, in-house counsel and lawyers specialising in competition law and intellectual property law.
Download or read book Digital markets and online platforms new perspectives on regulation and competition law written by Jan Krämer and published by Centre on Regulation in Europe (CERRE). This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the world, regulators and policy makers are grappling with how to establish a competitive, safe and fair online environment that also safeguards users’ fundamental rights as citizens. Ahead of the European Commission’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), this book “Digital markets and online platforms: new perspectives on regulation and competition law“, presents CERRE’s latest contribution to the debate with concrete policy recommendations. Together, the policy recommendations in this book present a roadmap that should be pursued for EU policy makers to safeguard competition and innovation in digital platform markets. They can be organised into three key areas for action: (i) More effective enforcement, (ii) increased transparency and switching easiness, and (iii) providing access to key innovation capabilities. “The need to safeguard fair and vibrant competition, which is also seen as an important driving factor for innovation, is nothing new for policy makers. However, the characteristics and complexities of digital markets have challenged some of the traditional approaches.” – Jan Krämer, editor of the book and CERRE Academic Co-Director The book’s recommendations highlight that platform transparency and associated data collection by authorities, as well as data sharing by platforms (initiated through consumers or authorities), are the two most important overarching policy measures for platform markets in the near future. They facilitate enforcement, consumer choice, and innovation capabilities in the digital economy. The contents of this book were presented and debated during a CERRE live debate with guest speakers Anne Yvrande-Billon (Arcep’s Director of Economic, Market and Digital Affairs), MEP Stéphanie Yon-Courtin (Vice-President of the European Parliament’s Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs) and Javier Espinoza (Financial Times’ EU Correspondent covering competition and digital policy).
Download or read book Sector Specific Ex Ante Regulation in Digital Markets A Complement Or Substitute to Antitrust Enforcement written by Daniel Pettersson and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the relationship between sectorspecific ex ante regulation and antitrust enforcement in light of the Digital Markets Act “(DMA”). The article starts by assessing the legislative nature of the DMA: a regulatory instrument with objectives highly derived from antitrust methodology: fairness (recital 33 - prevent imbalances between business users and gatekeepers) and contestability (recital 32 - decrease entry barriers aswell as direct/indirect network effects and economies of scale and scope). The ex post enforcement mechanisms in the DMA also makes it hard to distinguish from antitrust: if gatekeepers do not comply with the rules as first expected, the commission can impose remedies under article 18. A majority of the dos and dont's in the DMA are inspired by exploitative and exclusive abuse of dominance cases and investigations under article 102 TFEU. The paper thorougly questions whether the DMA will substitute rather than "complement" antitrust enforcement on digital markets (as stated by the legislator itself in recital 10). Since the Commission will not apply a formalistic antitrust methodology under the regulatory regime, DMA will prevail to make enforcement more efficient. What happens in cases where competition law is willing to further (e.g., justify a blacklisted gatekeeper behaviour under efficiency defence - a mechanism which the DMA lacks - probably due to the legislators will to avoid time consuming economic analysises) is, at this stage, unclear. The DMA seems to allow the Commission to conduct a proportionality test to deviate from the ex ante rules (recital 27). Although the DMA indeed can be described as an antitrust statute, a framework which is categorized by case-by-case analysis's rather than prescriptive rules, the article emphasizes the need of implementation regulation to ensure legal certainty. Article 46 of the act allows for a wide range of implementation. A member of the DMA task force has however said that the aim right now is to gain experience in enforcement and only then come with implementation regulation on the substantive parts of the ex ante rules. One area where guidlelines may very well be needed to ensure legal certainty are the rules governing data portability, for example article 6.9. This obligation imposes gatekeepers to provide end users and thirds parties with an “effective portability of data”. What is expected by gatekeepers to comply with such a general rule will, without further guidance, indeed have to be clarified by the commission ex post.With regard to procedural aspects of the DMA, the paper advocates clarifications on the possibilities for NCAs to use domestic competition tools for digital platforms at the same time as the commission evaluates compliance under DMA. As the commission will be the sole enforcer of the DMA and cannot be everywhere, national competition law enforcement on digital markets will still be important.As recently confirmed in a press conference by the Commission, gatekeepers will have to comply with the dos and dont's by March 2024 (after the 6 month period from publishment in the official journal, gatekeepers have a 2 month period to designate themselves and after this an additional 6 month period to adapt to the obligations). This period of implementation will surely be of great importance for the future of large antitrust cases in digital markets.
Download or read book Competition Data and Privacy in the Digital Economy written by Maria Wasastjerna and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, we conduct our lives online, and in doing so, we grant access to our personal information. The crucial feedstock of the world economy thus generated - the commercialization and exploitation of personal data and the intrusion of digital privacy it entails - has built an imposing edifice of market power. As we enter the third decade of the 21st century, this detailed exploration of the interlinkage between competition and data privacy takes a critical look at competition policy to evaluate whether the system in its current form and with the existing approach is capable of tackling the challenges raised by the role of personal data in the shift from an offline to an online economy. Challenging the commonplace assumption that privacy has little or no role and relevance in competition law, the author’s penetrating analysis accomplishes the following and more: provides an in-depth understanding of the intersection of competition and privacy in the data-driven economy; surveys legal policy developments on the role of privacy in competition law; underlines the importance of non-price parameters in competition, such as consumer choice; clearly explains why and how competition law can protect privacy among its policy objectives; and addresses challenges in measuring the intangible harm of digital privacy violation in assessing abuse of market power. Recent case law in Europe and elsewhere, a revealing comparison between relevant European Union (EU) and United States (US) practice, the expanded role of the EU’s Competition Commissioner, and the likely impact of such phenomena as the coronavirus pandemic are all drawn into the book’s remit. In her analysis of the growing privacy dimension in competition policy, the author examines the topic from a broad perspective that includes societal, political, economic, historical and cultural elements. Her insightful multidimensional and value-based review will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, academics, policymakers and enforcers in its identification of implications for business practice as we go forward.
Download or read book Global Competition Enforcement written by Paulo Burnier da Silveira and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Competition Enforcement New Players, New Challenges Edited by Paulo Burnier da Silveira & William Evan Kovacic In a short span of years, the landscape of global competition has changed significantly. In particular, international cooperation in competition law enforcement has greatly strengthened the battle against abuse of dominance, cartels, anticompetitive mergers and related political corruption. This thoroughly researched book explains the current situation regarding joint investigations, identifies common problems and considers possible solutions and future developments. In addition to covering issues of competition policy, its authors look in detail at practice in both merger and conduct investigations in a variety of countries. The following aspects of the subject and more are examined in depth: the interface between antitrust and anti-corruption; the digital economy’s challenges to competition authorities; convergent aims and rules among different competition authorities; regional organizations with competition mandates; competition neutrality and state-owned enterprises; and leniency programmes. Although necessarily there is considerable information on major antitrust regimes like those of the United States and the European Union, chapters by local experts highlight lessons to be learned from the work of competition authorities in five continents including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Japan, Mauritius, Mexico, Peru and South Africa. The contributors include competition enforcers, regulators, academics, practitioners and leading commentators from a range of jurisdictions. Adding up to an authoritative analysis from the enforcer’s perspective, the studies presented in the book clarify the approaches and priorities of competition enforcement authorities – including those of major emerging economies – and provide expert guidance on dealing with transnational investigations. Antitrust lawyers, corporate counsel and interested academics as well as policymakers will benefit immeasurably from this book’s wealth of informative detail.
Download or read book The Digital Economy and Competition Law in Asia written by Steven Van Uytsel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital economy, broadly defined as the economy operating on the basis of interconnectivity between people and businesses, has gradually spread over the world. Although a global phenomenon, the digital economy plays out in local economic, political, and regulatory contexts. The problems thus created by the digital economy may be approached differently depending on the context. This edited collection brings together leading scholars based in Asia to detail how their respective jurisdictions respond to the competition law problems evolving out of the deployment of the digital economy. This book is timely, because it will show to what extent new competition law regimes or those with a history of lax enforcement can respond to these new developments in the economy. Academics in law and business strategies with an interest in competition law, both in Asia and more broadly, will find the insights in this edited collection invaluable. Further, this volume will be a key resource for scholars, practitioners and students.
Download or read book Digital Platforms Competition Law and Regulation written by Kalpana Tyagi and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2025-08-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book offers a comparative and inter-disciplinary perspective on the unique competition law challenges presented by the converged digital markets. Following the digitalisation of even the most traditional bricks-and-mortar sectors of the economy, a well-functioning internal market can only be guaranteed by ensuring the competitiveness of the digital markets. What role do intellectual property law and competition law play in this digital world? How can a more economic analysis strengthen innovation policies to achieve a truly competitive digital single market? The book provides a rigorous discussion of the many reasons why the regulatory responses, not just in Europe but in other jurisdictions too, may fall short. It addresses an array of procedural, substantive and other issues that are generating intense debate across the antitrust community. This includes the scope and objectives of digital regulation, whether the application of ex-ante rules would result in fragmentation and inconsistencies, and whether such regulatory regimes are an appropriate tool for substantive assessment. The book explores whether the application of these rules would effectively tackle the competition enforcement challenges seen under the competition laws, whether they can be applied without undermining other rights such as privacy, and whether they are appropriate for this digital age as well as the new digital era ahead of us. Part 1 offers a detailed inter-disciplinary perspective on the most recent legislative solutions in the European Union, namely, the Digital Services Act, the Digital Markets Act, and the Data Act. Part 2 offers competition and regulatory responses to these ever-emerging digital challenges by the UK, Latin American, Indian and Chinese regulators. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.
Download or read book Competition Law for the Digital Economy written by Björn Lundqvist and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2019-12-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The digital economy is gradually gaining traction through a variety of recent technological developments, including the introduction of the Internet of things, artificial intelligence and markets for data. This innovative book contains contributions from leading competition law scholars who map out and investigate the anti-competitive effects that are developing in the digital economy.
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Law and Economics of Competition Enforcement written by Kokkoris, Ioannis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This incisive Research Handbook identifies and assesses the emerging trends in competition enforcement, investigating how such changes impact the enforcement approach of competition authorities and the behaviour of companies in an ever-evolving business and regulatory environment.
Download or read book Public and Private Enforcement of EU Competition Law in the Age of Big Data written by ZOBOLI LAURA and published by Giappichelli. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the final output of the COMP.EU.TER Project (Public and Private Enforcement of EU Competition Law in the Age of Big Data), cofunded by the Training of National Judges Programme of the European Union (GA HT.6149 SI2.858159). Over two years, the COMP.EU.TER Project provided training to national judges and apprentice judges on the enforcement of EU competition law in the digital era. Training activities were organized by the Universities of Turin, Milan and Genoa in the form of seminars, lectures and online materials made available on the project’s e-learning platform (www.compeuter.unito.it). In addition, the project benefitted from a wider network of associated partners (the Universities of Antwerp, Ferrara, Aberdeen, Rotterdam, Warsaw and Zaragoza) which contributed by providing materials for the COMP.EU.TER e-learning platform and promoting the training activities among the respective national judiciaries. On 30th November and 1st December 2023, the Final Conference of the COMP.EU.TER Project was held at the Palazzo di Giustizia in Milan, which houses both the Court of Milan and the Court of Appeal of Milan. Over two days, the speakers addressed a selected audience of national judges from over ten Member States, tackling the most relevant developments in the public and private enforcement of EU competition law in the context of digital markets. The aim of the COMP.EU.TER Project has been, primarily, to raise the awareness of national judges about the challenges posed by the application to the digital world of traditional competition law concepts developed in the “analogic” world. Not only do the big data revolution and the up-surging diffusion of data analytics facilitate the commission of existing antitrust violations, but they also originate new types of anti-competitive behaviours that could not be committed in the analogic world (e.g. algorithmic collusion, behavioural discrimination). In addi-tion, the structure and the dynamics of digital markets put traditional tools of competition law enforcement under strain, increasing the bur-den of both administrative authorities and courts. Against this backdrop, the COMP.EU.TER Project has sought to bet-ter prepare national judges for the task of enforcing EU competition law in digital markets, by helping them familiarise with the most recent legis-lation, case law and practice. The book shares this goal, and its primary targets are national judges dealing with competition law in the courts of the Member States. We hope that the book may guide them in this diffi-cult task, in a context where profound transformations in technology, market structure and regulatory landscape present the enforcers with unprecedented challenges. For similar reasons, we expect it to provide useful insights to legal practitioners and academics interested in understanding the way EU competition law is and will be applied to digital markets.
Download or read book The Role of Media Pluralism in the Enforcement of EU Competition Law written by Konstantina Bania and published by CONCURRENCES. This book was released on 2019-03 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era of communicative abundance, consumers can access content anytime, anywhere and on any digital device. Safeguarding media pluralism has never before been as essential to our democracies as it is today. What role, if any, should EU competition law then play in protecting it? In delving into this question, Konstantina Bania conducts an in-depth analysis of the economics of the sector as well as the Commission's decision-making practice regarding mergers, abuses of dominance as well as anti-competitive agreements. Combining unique theoretical and practical insights, this book showcases novel tools for competition law enforcement to protect quality dimensions of competition and consumer welfare in media markets where consumers increasingly pay with their attention or data rather than money. This book is a must-read study for all scholars, competition authorities and policymakers interested in the question of how competition law can apply in such a manner that antitrust and merger assessments do not disregard non-price concerns such as privacy or diversity.
Download or read book Big Data and Competition Law written by Alptekin Koksal and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-11-13 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies on competition law and digital markets reveal that accumulating personal information through data collection and acquisition methods benefits consumers considerably. Free of charge, fast and personalised services and products are offered to consumers online. Collected data is now an indispensable part of online businesses to the point that a new economy, a data-driven sector, has emerged. Many markets such as the social network, search engine, online advertising and e-commerce are regarded as data-driven markets in which the utilisation of Big Data is a requisite for the success of operations. However, the accumulation and use of data brings competition law concerns as they contribute to market power in the online world, resulting in a few technology giants gaining unprecedented market power due to the Big Data accumulation, indirect network effects and the creation of online ecosystems. As technology giants have billions of consumers worldwide, data-driven markets are truly global. In these data-driven markets, technology giants abuse their dominant positions, but existing competition law tools seem ineffective in addressing market power and assessing abusive behaviour related to Big Data. This book argues that a novel approach to the data-driven sector must be developed through the application of competition law rules to address this. It argues that current and potential conflicts can be mitigated by extending the competition law assessment beyond the current competition law tools to offer a modernised and unified approach to the Big Data–related competition issues. Promoting new legal tests for addressing the market power of technology giants and assessing abusive behaviour in data-driven markets, this book advocates for cooperation between competition and data protection authorities. It will be of interest to students, academics and practitioners with an interest in competition law and data protection.
Download or read book The New EU Competition Law written by Pablo Ibáñez Colomo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive account of the New EU Competition Law: an emerging understanding of the discipline that breaks from the consensus of the early 2000s and that ventures into uncharted territories. Competition law has undergone fundamental transformations in the past decade, from the rise and fall of the 'effects-based approach' to the challenge of Big Tech and the growing interaction with intellectual property. Making sense of these changes and fully grasping their implications can be difficult. The book discusses the shift from traditional enforcement in the industrial era to the sort of intervention that a knowledge-based economy demands. It presents the changes that the field is undergoing (policy priorities, relationship with regulation and intangible assets, move away from efficiency and consumer welfare) and illustrates them by reference to the most significant developments. The analysis includes an up-to-date evaluation of the Digital Markets Act and addresses the application of EU competition law to key areas, including energy, pharma, telecommunications and online platforms. Conceived as a 'modular' book, practitioners and advanced students will find it useful as a map to navigate the underlying trends and as an in-depth dissection of the key case law and administrative practice of the past decade.
