Download or read book Combined Effects of Resources and Warming on Lake Microbial Communities Across Environmental Gradients written by Marika A. Schulhof and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple aspects of the global environment are changing rapidly, including rising temperatures, altered biogeochemical cycles and a redistribution of biodiversity. Different aspects of environmental change may interact through synergistic processes or interference; however, how these processes magnify or dampen one another's effects on lakes is largely unknown. My dissertation research explores the independent and interactive effects of warming and resource supply on lake food webs from multiple perspectives. Chapter 1 investigates the independent and interactive effects of temperature, supply and origin of dissolved organic material, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial community composition and diversity in Sierra Nevada lakes. Chapter 2 focuses on stoichiometry and growth of phytoplankton communities in response to warming, nutrient addition and grazing in three Dutch lakes across a productivity gradient. Chapter 3 explores whether the competition-defense tradeoff regulates coexistence within or among members of phytoplankton communities across a productivity gradient, and how warming may alter this tradeoff. These studies collectively show that resource supply is more important than temperature in regulating microbial community composition and stoichiometry across a variety of lake ecosystems. Additionally, interactive effects of temperature, nutrient supply, and grazing on phytoplankton community stoichiometry, growth rates, biomass buildup and functional group composition depend on the trophic state and size structure of communities. Finally, turnover in communities along productivity gradients resulted in a positive correlation between nutrient and grazer limitation across taxa among lakes, but no relationship between top-down and bottom-up limitation within lakes. This result suggests that traits like small cell size that make phytoplankton more susceptible to grazing also confer strong responses to nutrient pulses in low-nutrient environments. Thus, my results provide no support for the hypothesis that costly defenses against grazing increase nutrient limitation, resulting in a tradeoff between nutrient and consumer limitation. In fact, the opposite pattern was found whereby the taxa that are most sensitive to grazing and nutrients are segregated in the least productive system, and the responses to both factors decline in more productive lakes due to increasing dominance by inedible forms. My thesis demonstrates functional associations among the traits of microbes that shape their responses to climate, resources and consumers, promote diversity at the local and regional scales, and determine how aquatic ecosystem productivity is controlled by multiple limiting factors.

Download or read book Microbial Ecology in Reservoirs and Lakes written by Haihan Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lake Sediment Microbial Communities in the Anthropocene written by Matti Olavi Ruuskanen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century, anthropogenic changes in the environment have shifted from the local to the global scale. Even remote environments such as the high Arctic are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Similarly, anthropogenic mercury (Hg) has had a global reach because of atmospheric transport and deposition far from emission point sources. Whereas some effects of climate change are visible through melting permafrost, or toxic effects of Hg at higher trophic levels, the often-invisible changes in microbial community structures and functions have received much less attention. With recent and drastic warming-related changes in Arctic watersheds, previously uncharacterized phylogenetic and functional diversity in the sediment communities might be lost forever. The main objectives of my thesis were to uncover how microbial community structure, functional potential and the evolution of mercury specific functions in lake sediments in northern latitudes (>54{486}N) are affected by increasing temperatures and Hg deposition. To address these questions, I examined environmental DNA from sediment core samples and high-throughput sequencing to reconstruct the community composition, functional potential, and evolutionary responses to historical Hg loading. In my thesis I show that the microbial community in Lake Hazen (NU, Canada) sediments is structured by redox gradients and pH. Furthermore, the microbes in this phylogenetically diverse community contain genomic features which might represent adaptations to the cold and oligotrophic conditions. Finally, historical Hg pollution from anthropogenic sources has likely affected the evolution of microbial Hg resistance and this deposition can be tracked using sediment DNA on the Northern Hemisphere. My thesis underscores the importance of using culture-independent methods to reconstruct the structure, functional potential and evolution of environmental microbial communities.

Download or read book High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Download or read book North Sea Region Climate Change Assessment written by Markus Quante and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date review of our current understanding of climate change in the North Sea and adjacent areas, as well as its impact on ecosystems and socio-economic sectors. It provides a detailed assessment of climate change based on published scientific work compiled by independent international experts from climate-related disciplines such as oceanography, atmospheric sciences, marine and terrestrial ecology, using a regional evaluation and review process similar to that of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of our changing climate, discussing a wide range of topics including past, current and future climate change, and climate-related changes in marine, terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. It also explores the impact of climate change on socio-economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, coastal zone management, coastal protection, urban climate, recreation/tourism, offshore activities/energy, and air pollution.

Download or read book Assembly and Functioning of Microbial Communities Along Terrestrial Resource Gradients in Boreal Lake Sediments written by Chloé Shoshana Jessica Orland and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Mathematical Ecology written by E. C. Pielou and published by New York : Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1969 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population dynamics; Spatial patterns in one-species populations; Spatial relations of two or more species; Many-species populations.

Download or read book Microbiology of Hot Deserts written by Jean-Baptiste Ramond and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-07-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the wider aspects of the microbiology of hot desert soil ecosystems, compiling disparate information from a range of relevant desert soil microbial fields. The reader learns about microbial ecology of the more dominant and possibly most important desert habitats, detailing the phylogenetic and functional diversity of these different habitats as well as their potential role in desert ecosystem ecology. Particular attention is also given to microbial stress adaptation in hot desert soils. Furthermore, it is the first volume in this particular field to cover modern metagenomics technologies that can be applied to studies of all aspects of desert microbial communities. Additionally, the book explores viruses and viral communities, which are among the least studied (and little understood) components of desert soil microbial communities. Particular attention is also given to the roles of desert microbial communities in biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Through this book the reader discovers how desert microbiology has been at the forefront of Astrobiology and how it may be used conceptually in future terraforming strategies. Desert ecosystems are increasingly coming into focus given the impacts of climate change and desertification trends, making this volume particularly timely. Each of the chapters is authored by leading international researchers and is a must-read for microbial ecologists.

Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States written by US Global Change Research Program and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate change proliferates, so too do the health risks associated with the changing world around us. Called for in the President’s Climate Action Plan and put together by experts from eight different Federal agencies, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health: A Scientific Assessment is a comprehensive report on these evolving health risks, including: Temperature-related death and illness Air quality deterioration Impacts of extreme events on human health Vector-borne diseases Climate impacts on water-related Illness Food safety, nutrition, and distribution Mental health and well-being This report summarizes scientific data in a concise and accessible fashion for the general public, providing executive summaries, key takeaways, and full-color diagrams and charts. Learn what health risks face you and your family as a result of global climate change and start preparing now with The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health.

Download or read book Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data using CANOCO 5 written by Petr Šmilauer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to the theory and practice of multivariate analysis for graduates, researchers and professionals dealing with ecological problems.

Download or read book Review of the Draft Fourth National Climate Assessment written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change poses many challenges that affect society and the natural world. With these challenges, however, come opportunities to respond. By taking steps to adapt to and mitigate climate change, the risks to society and the impacts of continued climate change can be lessened. The National Climate Assessment, coordinated by the U.S. Global Change Research Program, is a mandated report intended to inform response decisions. Required to be developed every four years, these reports provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date evaluation of climate change impacts available for the United States, making them a unique and important climate change document. The draft Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA4) report reviewed here addresses a wide range of topics of high importance to the United States and society more broadly, extending from human health and community well-being, to the built environment, to businesses and economies, to ecosystems and natural resources. This report evaluates the draft NCA4 to determine if it meets the requirements of the federal mandate, whether it provides accurate information grounded in the scientific literature, and whether it effectively communicates climate science, impacts, and responses for general audiences including the public, decision makers, and other stakeholders.

Download or read book Environmental Spatial and Temporal Effects on Microbial Composition in Lake Erie written by Anna Kathleen Ormiston and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through close interactions with biotic and abiotic environments, microbial communities in lakes mediate numerous biogeochemical processes that are essential in regional and global cycles of C, N and P. However, the relationship between bacterial community compositions and environmental conditions is still unclear. Lake Erie's natural gradient of nutrient supply and many other environmental parameters from the Sandusky Bay to the Central Basin provides an ideal experiment to examine how well bacterial community composition tracks environmental changes spatially and temporally. Surface water samples were collected along a transect that ran from the Sandusky Bay (hypereutrophic) via Sandusky Sub-basin (mesoeutrophic) to the Central Basin (oligotrophic) in June, July and August 2012. Zooplankton sample were also collected at each basin in June, July and August to see whether they respond to environmental conditions and to the changing bacterioplankton communities. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ. Bacterioplankton was collected on filters and filtrates were used for nutrient analyses, including ammonium, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite and soluble reactive phosphorus. Chlorophyll a concentration measurements confirmed the expected gradient of primary productivity among sites. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was conducted to compare of the microbial community structure and diversity along this natural gradient from the Sandusky Bay to the Central Basin. Additionally, zooplankton community structure and diversity was compared along the transect. Results showed that the free-living bacterioplankton structure differed significantly among sampling time, which was likely contributed by temporal variations in nutrient concentrations. As for the zooplankton community, Cyclopidae, Branchionidae and Synchaetidae were identified as major families (>78.4% of total zooplankton) in all samples. Zooplankton family structure had no clear separation based on site location on site location or sampling time. In addition, no significant correlation was identified between zooplankton community structure and environmental parameters or with zooplankton community structure and bacterioplankton community structure. Zooplankton diversity tests revealed significant differences in zooplankton diversity among sites and months. This research contributes a better understanding of the zooplankton and bacteria community structure found in Lake Erie. Along with this natural nutrient gradient found in Lake Erie, harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABS) is also a serious issue that affects wildlife, human health, recreation and local economics. CyanoHABs produce cyanotoxins, such as microcystins that lead to skin irritation, illness and liver tumors. Natural bacterial degradation of these microcystins play a key role in lakes by transforming these harmful toxins to less harmful metabolites that can be consumed by other organisms without a detrimental affect on their health and ecosystem health. Microcystin-LR is a toxin produced in harmful cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Erie and in Grand Lake St. Marys. This experiment specifically compared bacterial community structure and diversity from lakes with previous CyanoHAB exposure and their response to amended Microcystin-LR levels. Water samples were collected in June 2012 in the western basin, Sandusky sub-basin and central basin of Lake Erie and three recreational sites in Grand Lake St. Mary’s. Particulate-associated bacterioplankton was filtered out of the water samples, and the remaining filtrate was starved of all carbon and incubated in the dark for 1 week. After incubation, water samples were divided into triplicate microcosms. Microcystin-LR additions were added to the water samples as the sole carbon source for the naturally existing bacterioplankton community. After the microcystin-LR addition cell counts and microcystin concentrations were measure every 24 hours for two days. T-RFLP analysis was conducted to compare original bacterial community structure and diversity for each site to the Microcystin-LR amended bacterial community structure and diversity. Significant differences between start and end MC-LR concentrations (p 0.05) measured in the incubation experiment indicated MC-LR degradation. Shannon diversity indices for bacterioplankton T-RF percent abundances were not significantly different between treatments for both lakes (ANOVA, p 0.05). T-RFLP results showed that bacterioplankton community structures were significantly different between microcystin amended and original free-living bacterioplankton communities for Grand Lake St. Mary samples, but there was no significant difference between community structure for MC-amended treatments and non amended controls. In contrast, Lake Erie’s MC-amended communities experienced no shift in community structure. Non-amended controls had natural occurring MC-concentration, which suggests that there is a large subset of bacterioplankton that could degrade MC-LR before the treatments were administered. The extensive CyanoHAB history found in both lakes can explain these results. There are two dominating cyanobacterial species in Grand Lake St. Mary’s and four in Lake Erie, which suggests that these differences may affect the differences in MC degraders found in both lakes and the overall bacterioplankton community structure. Evidence of MC-degradation could be explained by bacterioplankton using MC-LR as an energy source.

Download or read book Beneficial Microbes in Agro Ecology written by N. Amaresan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beneficial Microbes in Agro-Ecology: Bacteria and Fungi is a complete resource on the agriculturally important beneficial microflora used in agricultural production technologies. Included are 30 different bacterial genera relevant in the sustainability, mechanisms, and beneficial natural processes that enhance soil fertility and plant growth. The second part of the book discusses 23 fungal genera used in agriculture for the management of plant diseases and plant growth promotion. Covering a wide range of bacteria and fungi on biocontrol and plant growth promoting properties, the book will help researchers, academics and advanced students in agro-ecology, plant microbiology, pathology, entomology, and nematology. Presents a comprehensive collection of agriculturally important bacteria and fungi Provides foundational knowledge of each core organism utilized in agro-ecology Identifies the genera of agriculturally important microorganisms

Download or read book LOCAL ADAPTATION OF MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES ALONG GEOCHEMICAL SPATIAL GRADIENTS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE LAKE ERIE REGION written by Matthew John Hoostal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake Erie demonstrates the greatest productivity of the Laurentian Great Lakes, yet has been critically impacted by anthropogenic activities throughout the Lake Erie watershed. Lake Erie is comprised of three major basins, with east-to-west gradients of increasing drainage areas, increasing riverine inputs of nutrients and xenobiotics, as well as decreasing depth. These large-scale geochemical gradients may be expected to result in spatial patterns of microbial community composition, nutrient cycling, and xenobiotic transformation. As such, Lake Erie provides an excellent system to examine the local adaptation of microbial communities throughout a large freshwater ecosystem. Spatial patterns of microbial community composition, as well as functional diversity, across the three basins of Lake Erie were assessed to examine the potential adaptation of microbial communities to local selective pressures. Community composition was investigated through the generation of 16S rDNA libraries, while functional diversity was evaluated with substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) profiles. EEA profiles were subsequently measured to examine microbial community resilience to metal inoculations in sediments contaminated with heavy metals compared to relatively pristine sediments. Bioinformatic studies of bacterial genes involved in the efflux of heavy metals from the cell were performed to provide a conceptual framework of how horizontal gene transfer may expedite the adaptation of bacterial communities to heavy metal stress. Finally, the local adaptation of bacterial communities to PCBs and PAHs was assessed by comparing the diversity of bphA, a gene that initiates PCB metabolism, in polluted and relatively unpolluted sediments within the Lake Erie watershed. Collectively, results suggested large-scale spatial patterns of microbial community composition, functional diversity, and metabolic resilience consistent with the local adaptation of sediment bacterial communities to allochthonous inputs of organic matter and heavy metal pollutants into Lake Erie. Furthermore, estimates of diversity from bphA environmental gene libraries suggest that PCB and PAH contamination represents a driving force in the adaptation of microbial communities in polluted sediments. Results from this study suggest that microbial communities are highly integrated assemblages of multiple taxa locally adapted to differential inputs of nutrients and xenobiotics across geochemical gradients within freshwater ecosystems.

Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

Download or read book Paleolimnological Data Synthesis to Assess Long Term Ecological Change in Vermont Lakes written by Ismar Biberovic and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lakes are excellent early indicators of environmental change on a landscape scale. Due to their connectedness in the landscape, any alteration of land-cover extends beyond a single watershed and can only be amplified by the effects of climate change. These processes can reflect differently across lakes of various characteristics, however, combined, they can leave a lasting impact on biogeochemical processes of a lake, resulting in profound effects on biological communities residing in it. Lake sediments are terrific archives that integrate and preserve this evidence, which then allows us to investigate the extent to which a lake has changed given its current state. Akin to regional patterns, Vermont lakes have been undergoing notable increases in nutrient levels, browning, and surface water warming. Understanding changes that took place in Vermont lakes over the last ~200 years requires a proxy-based approach.We analyzed top and bottom sediment samples from over a hundred Vermont lakes to be able to address the anthropogenic impact more confidently on these lakes. In our transfer-function development, we found that total phosphorus has an important impact on modern diatom communities in Vermont lakes, however, both TP and pH show promise in being used as a part of the Vermont-specific transfer function. A reconstructed pH for Beaver Pond is congruent with the idea that the biological recovery often lags behind chemical recovery. Furthermore, our exploration of the diatom-community differences between past and modern communities revealed that this approach should be used with caution if applied across lakes of various differing depths. We found that a significant difference between the two communities exits only in deep lakes. Indicator species of change in modern lake sediments were associated mainly with climate-related stressors, ice cover and water column stability, while some species indicated nutrient enrichment. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of understanding the environmental-gradient dependent response of lakes to the interaction of multiple stressors.