Download or read book Climate Topography and Erosion in the Nepal Himalayas written by Christoff Andermann and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tectonics Topography Climate and Erosion written by Christopher Charles Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tectonics Climate and Landscape Evolution written by Sean D. Willett and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Liwu River runs a short course; its channel head at the water divide in Taiwan's Central Range is a mere 35 km from its outflow into the Pacific Ocean. But in those short 35 km, the Liwu has carved one of the world's geographic wonders: the spectacular Taroko Gorge with marble and granite walls soaring nearly 1000 m above the river channel. Taroko Gorge was a fitting venue for a 2003 Penrose Conference that addressed the coupled processes of tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. The young mountains, extreme weather, and dramatic landforms provided an appropriate backdrop to wide-ranging discussions of geomorphic processes, climate and meteorology, sediment generation and transport, the effects of erosion on tectonics, and new analytical and modeling tools used to address these processes and problems. This volume's papers extend that discussion, reaching across fields that have experienced rapid advances in the past decade."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Decadal Millennial and Million Year Erosion Rates in the Easternmost Himalaya written by Kevin Shao and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying tectonic uplift and erosion rates on various timescales is essential for understanding how tectonic and climate forcings interact to produce the landscape we see today. My dissertation is centered around three topics related to the erosion rates of the easternmost Himalaya in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh at decadal, millennial, and million-year timescales to better understand present-day natural hazards to long-term landscape evolution. In my dissertation, I quantify 1) landslide susceptibility, 2) landslide-derived decadal and 10Be-derived millennial erosion rates, and 3) plausible million-year timescale exhumation rates in the easternmost Himalaya to better understand climatic, topographic, and tectonic controls on surface processes and erosion over different timescales. In the second chapter, I mapped landslide occurrences using satellite images, quantified landslide susceptibility using statistical and machine learning methods, and assessed the dominant controls of landslide occurrences in the easternmost Himalaya. Recently, deep neural networks (DNN) have been used in the application of estimating landslide susceptibility alongside physical and statistical models. However, DNNs are uninterpretable, making it difficult to determine mechanistic information about landslide controls in the modeled region. My landslide inventory was ultimately used to train an interpretable superposable neural network (SNN), developed and applied by my colleague, to model landslide susceptibility in the easternmost Himalaya. The SNN performed similarly to a state-of-the-art deep neural network, outperforming commonly used physically and statistically based models while revealing the relative importance of contributing controls. The analyses reveal that both strong slope-climate coupling and microclimates are dominant contributors to landslide occurrences in the region. In the third chapter, I quantified landslide-derived decadal erosion rates over a 20-year interval from satellite images and determined millennial erosion using cosmogenic 10Be. Previous studies generally report a tectonic control on millennial erosion rates across the Himalaya. However, there exist well-understood and well-defined patterns of climate variation, tectonic deformation, and lithologic distribution along-strike of the Himalaya that allows for their disentanglement. In this chapter, I measured cosmogenic 10Be-derived millennial erosion rates of 12 basins from the range front to the hinterland of the Dibang and Lohit valleys. In addition, I compiled 161 10Be-derived erosion rates from the Garhwal, Nepal, and Bhutan Himalaya and grouped basins by dominant metasedimentary or crystalline lithology. I observe a clear correlation between climate metrics and erosion rates for basins dominated by metasedimentary lithology that is absent those dominated by crystalline lithology. Additionally, we find that the response of fluvial and hillslope erosional efficiency to climate differs between lithologies in the Himalaya. Furthermore, the high erosion rates and efficiencies observed in the easternmost Himalayan range front are likely facilitated by rainfall-induced landslides and efficient fluvial erosion and transport in metasedimentary lithology. Future studies may incorporate more extensive datasets including low-temperature thermochronometers, which may further elucidate the links among tectonics, erosion, and climate. In the fourth chapter, I inferred the magnitude and spatial pattern of million-year timescale exhumation rates using five newly measured apatite (U-Th)/He sample ages from the Dibang Valley in the easternmost Himalaya. Fault activity along the active easternmost Himalayan range front is largely unconstrained over recent million-year timescales that are more relevant to our landslide and erosion rate analyses. Additionally, although the persistence of out-of-sequence faulting over recent million-year timescales has been proposed, little is known about the timing and magnitude of exhumation rates over this period. I determine plausible cooling histories using HeFTy inverse thermal modeling for two samples in both the range front and hinterland and infer exhumation rates over the last ~2-1 Ma assuming a simplified geothermal gradient. I observe that exhumation along the range front is highest along the Lalpani thrust and concentrated near the Lohit thrust in the hinterland. My findings potentially support persistent out-of-sequence faulting of the Lohit thrust that continues until the present though at a slower rate than that of the range front. Future studies might include additional thermochronology measurements in the range front to better constrain the spatial extent of high exhumation rates. Additionally, an improved understanding of the geothermal gradient would yield more accurate and reliable exhumation rate estimates.
Download or read book Himalayan Glaciers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific evidence shows that most glaciers in South Asia's Hindu Kush Himalayan region are retreating, but the consequences for the region's water supply are unclear, this report finds. The Hindu Kush Himalayan region is the location of several of Asia's great river systems, which provide water for drinking, irrigation, and other uses for about 1.5 billion people. Recent studies show that at lower elevations, glacial retreat is unlikely to cause significant changes in water availability over the next several decades, but other factors, including groundwater depletion and increasing human water use, could have a greater impact. Higher elevation areas could experience altered water flow in some river basins if current rates of glacial retreat continue, but shifts in the location, intensity, and variability of rain and snow due to climate change will likely have a greater impact on regional water supplies. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security makes recommendations and sets guidelines for the future of climate change and water security in the Himalayan Region. This report emphasizes that social changes, such as changing patterns of water use and water management decisions, are likely to have at least as much of an impact on water demand as environmental factors do on water supply. Water scarcity will likely affect the rural and urban poor most severely, as these groups have the least capacity to move to new locations as needed. It is predicted that the region will become increasingly urbanized as cities expand to absorb migrants in search of economic opportunities. As living standards and populations rise, water use will likely increase-for example, as more people have diets rich in meat, more water will be needed for agricultural use. The effects of future climate change could further exacerbate water stress. Himalayan Glaciers: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Water Security explains that changes in the availability of water resources could play an increasing role in political tensions, especially if existing water management institutions do not better account for the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. To effectively respond to the effects of climate change, water management systems will need to take into account the social, economic, and ecological complexities of the region. This means it will be important to expand research and monitoring programs to gather more detailed, consistent, and accurate data on demographics, water supply, demand, and scarcity.
Download or read book Geomorphometry of Erosional Regimes in the Himalayas written by Christine Carol Sai-Halasz and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Nature of Geomorphological Hazards in the Nepal Himalaya written by Jan Kalvoda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Soils of Nepal written by Roshan Babu Ojha and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-14 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book publishes consolidated information on the soils of Nepal from all possible sources. The Survey Department, Government of Nepal, conducted two national scale soil survey projects to classify soils of Nepal (Land Resource Mapping Project ended in 1985, and National Land Use Planning Project ended in 2021). Both projects adopted the United States Department of Agriculture system of soil classification. Besides, National Soil Science Research Center (previously known as Soil Science Division) of Nepal Agricultural Research Council and Soil Management Directorate, Department of Agriculture, also worked on soils of Nepal. To date, the information on the soils of Nepal is not published in well-documented form but has been reported widely as gray literature (project report or government report) or peer-review articles. 'The Soils of Nepal’ is a part of ‘World Soils Book Series’ which constitutes twelve chapters—covering broad aspects such as soil research history, climate, geology, soil classification and mapping, and soil fertility. Furthermore, information about soil properties and relation between soil constituents of the dominant soil types of Nepal and their scope of use in the context of land use are described. This book also tries to simplify the intricate relationship among soil, culture, and people. Each chapter contains a comprehensive, richly illustrated, and up-to-date overview of the soils of Nepal. We believe it fulfils a quest for a global audience including students, educators, extension workers, and soil scientists, who are interested to know the young soils of Nepal.
Download or read book The Himalayan Dilemma written by Jack D. Ives and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `This is an important book that deserves to be read by everyone concerned with presenting major environmental issues.' Geography ` ... an essential text for policy makers and aid professionals, as well as for students of environmental studies and international development ... It is indeed, a book appropriate to the urgent and critical issues which it addresses.' - Journal of Environmental Management
Download or read book Mountain climate Interactions in the Himalayan Tibet and Andean Orogens written by Hong Shen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain building processes have profound impact on both local and large-scale hydrology and climate change, and climate change interacts with mountain growth to form feedbacks. Numerous effects have been given to study the mountain-climate interactions, primarily by linking climate with erosion and topography during the growth history of mountains. Establishing such linkages require understanding on climate responses to mountain growth, how to interpret the climate signals preserved in proxy records, and the control of climate on landscape evolution. In this dissertation, we conduct numerical simulations in the Himalayan-Tibet and Andean orogens to investigate climate and isotopic response to mountain growth and the linked behavior among climate, erosion and topography.Chapter 2 studies the climatic and isotopic responses to the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibet orogen and evaluate the application of the Rayleigh distillation process in reconstructing past elevation using an isotope-enabled general circulation model. The results show that the Rayleigh distillation is only the dominant process in monsoonal regions in the Himalayas when topography is high. At low elevations, local surface recycling becomes the primary process. On the Tibetan Plateau, stable water isotopes are shown to be primarily controlled by sub-cloud evaporation. This chapter show that the processes controlling isotopes varies by location and mountain elevation and using stable water isotopes as an indicator might be inappropriate.Chapter 3 focuses on the climate response the widening of the central Andes, its impact on hydrology and proxy records, and the comparison with uniform uplift. The results show similar response of orographic precipitation on the eastern flank of central Andes due to the widening and due to the uplift, and substantial drying on the western flank due to the widening but little change due to the uplift. This chapter opens the ground of interpreting the hydrology changes preserved in proxy records as signals showing a west-east expansion of the Andes.Chapter 4 is a technical study presenting a coupling framework for simulating climate-erosion-topography interaction, and simulations in various climate regimes to explore the strength of this interaction at different locations. The results from the simulations show a general relationship of higher annual precipitation rates corresponding to higher discharge, more erosion, smaller slopes and lower elevation. This control is stronger in regions with heavier precipitation and when topography grows higher. This study highlights the mountain-climate interactions as a first-order control on mountain building process.Collectively, these chapters improve our understanding on climate response to mountain growth, the interpretation of climate and hydrology signals in proxy records, and the control of climate change on shaping landscape through erosion.
Download or read book Dynamics of Climate Change and Water Resources of Northwestern Himalaya written by Rajesh Joshi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-24 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the Himalayan ranges as a source of fresh water supply and a perennial store house of ice, snow and permafrost as well as a vast repository of rich biodiversity, in the light of climate change. Special attention is given to the dynamics of snow and glaciers in the northwestern Himalayas, assessment of climate change patterns, and the consequences of changes and flow regime in order to understand the behaviour of climate change in the northwestern Himalayas. The outcome of melting glaciers are pro-glacial lakes. Their increasing size and potential danger of outbursts requires systematic study, particularly where there is the risk of impact on life and property. Furthermore, the changing trend of the hydrological cycle on a regional or local scale is another area of research which calls for the attention of geoscientists. To date there is a scarcity of reliable data meaning that a concerted effort is still required by all parties.
Download or read book The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment written by Philippus Wester and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume is the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It comprises important scientific research on the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable mountain development and will serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making to safeguard the environment and advance people’s well-being. The compiled content is based on the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, experts and policymakers, brought together by the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) under the coordination of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). This assessment was conducted between 2013 and 2017 as the first of a series of monitoring and assessment reports, under the guidance of the HIMAP Steering Committee: Eklabya Sharma (ICIMOD), Atiq Raman (Bangladesh), Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Nepal), Linxiu Zhang (China), Surendra Pratap Singh (India), Tandong Yao (China) and David Molden (ICIMOD and Chair of the HIMAP SC). This First HKH Assessment Report consists of 16 chapters, which comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the HKH region, increase the understanding of various drivers of change and their impacts, address critical data gaps and develop a set of evidence-based and actionable policy solutions and recommendations. These are linked to nine mountain priorities for the mountains and people of the HKH consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. This book is a must-read for policy makers, academics and students interested in this important region and an essentially important resource for contributors to global assessments such as the IPCC reports.
Download or read book Tectonics Climate and Landscape Evolution written by Sean D. Willett and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Liwu River runs a short course; its channel head at the water divide in Taiwan's Central Range is a mere 35 km from its outflow into the Pacific Ocean. But in those short 35 km, the Liwu has carved one of the world's geographic wonders: the spectacular Taroko Gorge with marble and granite walls soaring nearly 1000 m above the river channel. Taroko Gorge was a fitting venue for a 2003 Penrose Conference that addressed the coupled processes of tectonics, climate, and landscape evolution. The young mountains, extreme weather, and dramatic landforms provided an appropriate backdrop to wide-ranging discussions of geomorphic processes, climate and meteorology, sediment generation and transport, the effects of erosion on tectonics, and new analytical and modeling tools used to address these processes and problems. This volume's papers extend that discussion, reaching across fields that have experienced rapid advances in the past decade."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Magnetostratigraphy Topography and Geology of the Nepal Himalaya A GIS and Paleomagnetic Approach written by Tank Prasad Ojha and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ongoing collision between India and Asia is producing the world's highest mountain belt on earth. Since collision started several post tectonic events took place to shape the present day Himalayas. Early Miocene Dumri Formation and middle Miocene-Pliocene Siwalik Group fluvial sediments were deposited in the Himalayan foreland basin in response to uplift and erosion in the Himalayan fold-thrust belt, preserving a record of tectonic events since early Miocene time. Detailed chronostratigraphy of Siwalik Groups and Dumri Formation is required to understand tectonic events in Himalayas. Owing to the lack of chronostratigraphically significant fossils and tuffaceous beds, paleomagnetic work is the only option to establish the chronostratigraphy of these sediments. Sparse paleomagnetic work done by previous authors remains controversial, mainly because of inappropriate sampling practices. Over the past three decades many geologists have mapped the Nepal Himalayan fold-thrust belt and published various geological maps and reports. However there is no uniformity among them in terms of interpretation of major structures and stratigraphic boundaries, lithological nomenclature and structural systems. To synthesize all this valuable information there is need of a scientific database development utilizing GIS computer software. This dissertation focuses on systematic paleomagnetic work in sub-Himalayan region and GIS database development for the Himalayan fold-thrust belt of Nepal to address the above problems. Systematic paleomagnetic work along major sections covering the entire NW-SE length of the Nepal Himalayas allowed for regional magnetostratigraphic correlation and demonstrates that major lithostratigraphic units in the Siwalik Group are diachronous by 2 Myr of variability. Sediment accumulation rates systematically increase from west to east over the time span 1̃1.1 to 5̃.3 Ma; this could be the result of eastward propagation of a major thrust system in the Lesser Himalaya, such as the Main Boundary Thrust. GIS based geological and topographical database developed for the Nepal Himalaya allowed geological map compilation, query, visualization, and analysis of geological data for several geospatial analyses.
Download or read book Geology of the Nepal Himalaya written by Megh Raj Dhital and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the geology of the entire Himalayan range in Nepal, i.e., from the Gangetic plain in the south to the Tethyan zone in the north. Without a comprehensive look at the various Himalayan zones, it is practically impossible to fully grasp the processes at work behind the formation and development of the spectacular Himalaya. However, the goal is not merely to document all the scientific ontology but rather to reveal a sound basis for the prevailing concepts. Both the early literature on Himalayan geology and contemporary trends are fully covered. For the first time, the origin, use, and abuse of common Himalayan geological terms such as the Siwaliks, Lesser Himalaya, Main Boundary Thrust, Main Central Thrust, and Tethys are discussed. The book will help readers to progress from a cognitive approach to a constructive one by linking various types of knowledge, such as seeking relations between various geological structures as well as between earlier thoughts or views and contemporary approaches.
Download or read book Towards an Improved Understanding of Regional Scale Climate Change in the Nepal Himalayas written by Rudra Kumar Shrestha and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil and water conservation in Siwalik Hills of Nepal Himalaya written by Sohan Ghimire and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-06-12 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the issues of soil erosion and sediment dynamics in the Siwalik Hills of Nepal Himalaya.
