Download or read book Clash Over Romania written by Paul D. Quinlan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Quinlan studerer britisk og amerikansk politik over for rumænien 1938-47. Storbritannien og senere også USA søgte at bevare en uafhængig stat, men på samme tid så Vestmagtene Rumæniens uafhængighed som uheldig for deres egen sikkerhed.
Download or read book CLASH OVER ROMANIA Vol II British and American Policies Toward Romania written by Paul D. Quinlan and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the turbulent era of the late 1930's and 1940's the states of Eastern Europe and the Balkans were constantly involved in a struggle to maintain their territory and independence. Situated between Germany and Russia, these countries became the battleground of their larger neighbors. One of the most important of the Balkan nations was Romania. Strategically located along the Black Sea and the south-western border of the Soviet Union, as well as controlling the mouth of the Danube River, Romania had helped to block the Russians from extending their control to the Straits and the Mediterranean since the end of the eighteenth century. Moreover, Romania was rich in raw materials, being the number one oil producing nation in Europe outside of the Soviet Union. This is a study of British and American policies towards Romania from 1938 through 1947. Overall, first Britain and later both Britain and the United States tried to maintain an independent and friendly Romanian state. At the same time, the Western Powers saw Romania's independence as affecting their own security. British and American relations with this small oil-rich Balkan state provide an interesting and informative story in itself. More important, events in Romania had an impact on Western policies in general, and help to explain the origins of World War II and the Cold War. To date there has been no study of British and American relations with Romania for this period. The only study of a similar nature involves Germany's relations with Romania from 1938 through 1944 by Andreas Hillgruber, Hitler, Konig Carol und Marshall Antonescu. It has only been since the mid 1960's that the Western governments have begun to open their archives for the war period providing sufficient primary sources for such a study. Because of the lack of primary documents historians have been unaware of the importance and role of Romania. ... Romania, since ancient times a crossroad between Europe and Asia, seldom has been an area of serious concern of Britain's foreign policy. Historically, England's interests in that turbulent, oil-rich, Balkan country have been confined primarily to trade and finance. Yet during the first and second World Wars Romania was viewed by the British as being important to their own security, and during the latter period had a considerable influence in shaping English foreign policy."
Download or read book Clash over Romania written by Paul Daniel Quinlan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book British and American Policies Toward Romania written by Paul Daniel Quinlsny and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clash Over Romania written by Paul D. Quinlan and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Quinlan studerer britisk og amerikansk politik over for rumænien 1938-47. Storbritannien og senere også USA søgte at bevare en uafhængig stat, men på samme tid så Vestmagtene Rumæniens uafhængighed som uheldig for deres egen sikkerhed.
Download or read book Romania written by Keith Hitchins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hitchins traces how Rumania's political and intellectual élites attempted to create an independent state before the advent of communist rule in 1947.
Download or read book Extorting Peace written by Larry L. Watts and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Romania under Communism written by Dennis Deletant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communism has cast a long shadow over Romania. The passage of little over a quarter of a century since the overthrow in December 1989 of Romania’s last Communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu, offers a symbolic standpoint from which to penetrate that shadow and to throw light upon the entire period of Communist rule in the country. An appropriate point of departure is the observation that Romania’s trajectory as a Communist state within the Soviet bloc was unlike that of any other. That trajectory has its origins in the social structures, attitudes and policies in the pre-Communist period. The course of that trajectory is the subject of this inquiry.
Download or read book Ceausescu and the Securitate written by Dennis Deletant and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2017. This book contains Deletant's research and view that an inescapable feature of life in Romania under Ceausescu was the ubiquity of the Securitate or the security police, known officially for much of the period as the Department of State Security of the Ministry of the Interior. He seeks to right the omission in Romanian literature, until now, of the mechanism of terror which Stalin used in Romania to enforce his will and about the organisation of the Department of State Security.
Download or read book British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War written by Dennis Deletant and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British Clandestine Activities in Romania during the Second World War is the first monograph to examine the activity throughout the entire war of SOE and MI6. It was generally believed in Britain's War Office, after Hitler's occupation of Austria in March 1938, that Germany would seek to impose its will on South-East Europe before turning its attention towards Western Europe. Given Romania's geographical position, there was little Britain could offer her. The brutal fact of British-Romanian relations was that Germany was inconveniently in the way: opportunity, proximity of manufacture and the logistics of supply all told in favour of the Third Reich. This held, of course, for military as well as economic matters. In these circumstances the British concluded that their only weapon against German ambitions in countries which fell into Hitler's orbit were military subversive operations and a concomitant attempt to draw Romania out of her alliance with Germany.
Download or read book Post Communist States in the World Community written by William E. Ferry and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-09 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Post-Communist States in the World Community provides a selection of papers on various aspects of the foreign and security policies of the post-communist states of Europe presented originally at the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies in Warsaw. The articles cover Russian foreign and security policy, Russian policy in Europe, the foreign policies of the countries of East-Central Europe and Russian policy in East Asia.
Download or read book Romanian Policy Towards Germany 1936 40 written by R. Haynes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book, based on archival research, contests the assumptions that Romania remained pro-Western in the late 1930s and only joined the Axis as a result of Western negligence and German pressure. Instead, Germany was drawn by Romanian politicians into political and economic cooperation with Bucharest. In the event, this proved Romania's undoing. Let down by her German protector, she was forced to cede territory to the Soviet Union, Hungary and Bulgaria. Subsequently, Romania was allowed into the alliance she sought with Germany.
Download or read book International Cold War Military Records and History written by William W. Epley and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jewish Resistance to Romanianization 1940 44 written by S. Ionescu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ionescu examines the process of economic Romanianization of Bucharest during the Antonescu regime that targeted the property, jobs, and businesses of local Jews and Roma/Gypsies and their legal resistance strategies to such an unjust policy.
Download or read book Leo and His Circle written by Annie Cohen-Solal and published by Knopf. This book was released on 2010-05-18 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leo Castelli reigned for decades as America’s most influential art dealer. Now Annie Cohen-Solal, author of the hugely acclaimed Sartre: A Life (“an intimate portrait of the man that possesses all the detail and resonance of fiction”—Michiko Kakutani, The New York Times), recounts his incalculably influential and astonishing life in Leo and His Circle. After emigrating to New York in 1941, Castelli would not open a gallery for sixteen years, when he had reached the age of fifty. But as the first to exhibit the then-unknown Jasper Johns, Castelli emerged as a tastemaker overnight and fast came to champion a virtual Who’s Who of twentieth-century masters: Rauschenberg, Lichtenstein, Warhol, and Twombly, to name a few. The secret of Leo’s success? Personal devotion to the artists, his “heroes”: by putting young talents on stipend and seeking placement in the ideal collection rather than with the top bidder, he transformed the way business was done, multiplying the capital, both cultural and financial, of those he represented. His enterprise, which by 1980 had expanded to an impressive network of satellite galleries in Europe and three locations in New York, thus became the unrivaled commercial institution in American art, producing a generation of acolytes, among them Mary Boone, Jeffrey Deitch, Larry Gagosian, and Tony Shafrazi. Leo and His Circle brilliantly narrates the course of one man’s power and influence. But Castelli had another secret, too: his life as an Italian Jew. Annie Cohen-Solal traces a family whose fortunes rose and fell for centuries before the Castellis fled European fascism. Never hidden but also never discussed, this experience would form the core of a guarded but magnetic character possessed of unfailing old-world charm and a refusal to look backward—traits that ensured Castelli’s visionary precedence in every major new movement from Pop to Conceptual and by which he fostered the worldwide enthusiasm for American contemporary art that is his greatest legacy. Drawing on her friendship with the subject, as well as an uncanny knack for archival excavation, Annie Cohen-Solal gives us in full the elegant, shrewd, irresistible, and enigmatic figure at the very center of postwar American art, bringing an utterly new understanding of its evolution.
Download or read book The Use and Utility of Ultimata in Coercive Diplomacy written by Tim Sweijs and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-12 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultimata feature as a core concept in the coercive diplomacy scholarship. Conventional wisdom holds that pursuing an ultimatum strategy is risky. This book shows that the conventional wisdom is wrong on the basis of a new dataset of 87 ultimata issued from 1920–2020. It provides a historical examination of ultimata in Western strategic, political, and legal thought since antiquity until the present, and offers a four-pronged typology that explains their various purposes and effects: 1) the dictate, 2) the conditional war declaration, 3) the bluff, and 4) the brinkmanship ultimatum. The book yields a better understanding of interstate threat behaviour at a time of surging competition. Background materials can be consulted at www.coercivediplomacy.com.
Download or read book Britain and Danubian Europe in the Era of World War II 1933 1941 written by Andras Becker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a study of British official attitudes towards the Danubian countries (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia) from Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 to the year 1941, a period that marked serious but fruitless British political and economic efforts to unite this unruly part of Europe against Nazi ascendancy. Set against an international backdrop of regional revanchist, revisionist and irredentist tendencies, particularly in Hungary and Bulgaria, the book explores how these movements affected international relations in the region as they aimed to overturn the territorial order set down in Versailles following the Great War to restore the status quo of a more glorious national past. Offering fresh insights into the British-East Central and South East European relationship, the book charts the shifts in British official policy towards Danubian Europe, amidst competing regional nationalisms and the sudden and abrupt shifts in British global priorities during the early part of World War II.
