Download or read book Introduction to Crystallography written by Donald E. Sands and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear, concise explanation of logical development of basic crystallographic concepts. Topics include crystals and lattices, symmetry, x-ray diffraction, and more. Problems, with answers. 114 illustrations. 1969 edition.
Download or read book Chemical Crystallography with Pulsed Neutrons and Synchroton X Rays written by Maria Arménia Carrondo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray and neutron crystallography have played an increasingly impor tant role in the chemical and biochemical sciences over the past fifty years. The principal obstacles in this methodology, the phase problem and com puting, have been overcome. The former by the methods developed in the 1960's and just recognised by the 1985 Chemistry Nobel Prize award to Karle and Hauptman, the latter by the dramatic advances that have taken place in computer technology in the past twenty years. Within the last decade, two new radiation sources have been added to the crystallographer's tools. One is synchrotron X-rays and the other is spallation neutrons. Both have much more powerful fluxes than the pre vious sources and they are pulsed rather than continuos. New techniques are necessary to fully exploit the intense continuos radiation spectrum and its pulsed property. Both radiations are only available from particular National Laboratories on a guest-user basis for scientists outside these Na tional Laboratories. Hitherto, the major emphasis on the use of these facilities has been in solid-state physics, and the material, engineering and biological sciences. We believe that there is equivalent potential to applications which are pri marily chemical or biochemical.
Download or read book 21st Century Challenges in Chemical Crystallography II written by D. Michael P. Mingos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises recent developments and highlights new techniques which will define possible future directions for small molecule X-ray crystallography. It provides an insight into how specific aspects of crystallography are developing and shows how they may interact or integrate with other areas of science. The development of more sophisticated equipment and the massive rise in computing power has made it possible to solve the three-dimensional structure of an organic molecule within hours if not minutes. This successful trajectory has resulted in the ability to study ever more complex molecules and use smaller and smaller crystals. The structural parameters for over a million organic and organometallic compounds are now archived in the most commonly used database and this wealth of information creates a new set of problems for future generations of scientists. The volume provides some insight into how users of crystallographic structural data banks can navigate their way through a world where “big data” has become the norm. The coupling of crystallography to quantum chemical calculations provides detailed information about electron distributions in crystals affording a much more detailed analysis of bonding than has been possible previously. In quantum crystallography, quantum mechanical wavefunctions are used to extract information about bonding and properties from the measured X-ray structure factors. The advent of quantum crystallography has resulted in form and structure factors derived from quantum mechanics which have been used in advanced refinement and wavefunction fitting. This volume describes how quantum mechanically derived atomic form factors and structure factors are constructed to allow the improved description of the diffraction experiment. It further discusses recent developments in this field and illustrates their applications with a wide range of examples. This volume will be of interest to chemists and crystallographers with an interest in the synthesis, characterisation and physical and catalytic properties of solid-state materials. It will also be relevant for the community of computational chemists who study chemical systems. Postgraduate students entering the field will benefit from a historical introduction to the way in which scientists have used the data derived from crystallography to develop new structural and bonding models.
Download or read book 21st Century Challenges in Chemical Crystallography I written by D. Michael P. Mingos and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarises recent developments and possible future directions for small molecule X-ray crystallography. It reviews specific areas of crystallography which are rapidly developing and places them in a historical context. The interdisciplinary nature of the technique is emphasised throughout. It introduces and describes the chemical crystallographic and synchrotron facilities which have been at the cutting edge of the subject in recent decades. The introduction of new computer-based algorithms has proved to be very influential and stimulated and accelerated the growth of new areas of science. The challenges which will arise from the acquisition of ever larger databases are considered and the potential impact of artificial intelligence techniques stressed. Recent advances in the refinement and analysis of X-ray crystal structures are highlighted. In addition the recent developments in time resolved single crystal X-ray crystallography are discussed. Recent years have demonstrated how this technique has provided important mechanistic information on solid-state reactions and complements information from traditional spectroscopic measurements. The volume highlights how the prospect of being able to routinely “watch” chemical processes as they occur provides an exciting possibility for the future. Recent advances in X-ray sources and detectors that have also contributed to the possibility of dynamic single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods are presented. The coupling of crystallography and quantum chemical calculations provides detailed information about electron distributions in crystals and has resulted in a more detailed understanding of chemical bonding. The volume will be of interest to chemists and crystallographers with an interest in the synthesis, characterisation and physical and catalytic properties of solid-state materials. Postgraduate students entering the field will benefit from a historical introduction to the subject and a description of those techniques which are currently used. Since X-ray crystallography is used so widely in modern chemistry it will serve to alert senior chemists to those developments which will become routine in coming decades. It will also be of interest to the broad community of computational chemists who study chemical systems.
Download or read book An Introduction to Chemical Crystallography Translated and Edited by William J Pope With a Preface by N Story Maskelyne written by Andreas Ludwig Fock and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Structural Inorganic Chemistry written by Wai-Kee Li and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revised and updated English edition of a textbook based on teaching at the final year undergraduate and graduate level. It presents structure and bonding, generalizations of structural trends, crystallographic data, as well as highlights from the recent literature.
Download or read book An Introduction to Chemical Crystallography written by Paul Groth and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Chemical Crystallography written by Paul Groth and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Chemical Crystallography written by Andreas Ludwig Fock and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Protein X ray Crystallography written by Jan Drenth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New textbooks at all levels of chemistry appear with great regularity. Some fields such as basic biochemistry, organic reaction mechanisms, and chemical thermodynamics are well represented by many excellent texts, and new or revised editions are published sufficiently often to keep up with progress in research. However, some areas of chemistry, especially many of those taught at the graduate level, suffer from a real lack of up to-date textbooks. The most serious needs occur in fields that are rapidly changing. Textbooks in these subjects usually have to be written by scientists actually involved in the research that is advancing the field. It is not often easy to persuade such individuals to set time aside to help spread the knowledge they have accumulated. Our goal, in this series, is to pinpoint areas of chemistry where recent progress has outpaced what is covered in any available textbooks, and then seek out and persuade experts in these fields to produce relatively concise but instructive intro ductions to their fields. These should serve the needs of one-semester or one-quarter graduate courses in chemistry and biochemistry. In some cases, the availability of texts in active research areas should help stimulate the creation of new courses. Charles R. Cantor v Preface to the Second Edition Since the publication of the previous edition in 1994, X-ray crystallography of proteins has advanced by improvements in existing techniques and by addition of new techniques.
Download or read book X Ray Crystallography written by Gregory S. Girolami and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 2015-07-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray Crystallography is a well-balanced, thorough, and clearly written introduction to the most important and widely practiced technique to determine the arrangement of atoms in molecules and solids. Featuring excellent illustrations and homework problems throughout, the book is intended both for advanced undergraduate and graduate students who are learning the subject for the first time, as well as for those who have practical experience but seek a text summarizing the theory of diffraction and X-ray crystallography. It is organized into three parts: Part 1 deals with symmetry and space groups, Part 2 explains the physics of X rays and diffraction, and Part 3 examines the methods for solving and refining crystal structures. The discussion proceeds in a logical and clear fashion from the fundamentals through to advanced topics such as disorder, twinning, microfocus sources, low energy electron diffraction, charge flipping, protein crystallography, the maximum likelihood method of refinement, and powder, neutron, and electron diffraction. The author's clear writing style and distinctive approach is well suited for chemists, biologists, materials scientists, physicists, and scientists from related disciplines.
Download or read book Crystallography for Chemists written by Phillip E. Fanwick and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the last fifty years, X-ray crystallography and allied methods have been one of the most important analytical techniques for chemical analysis. With improved equipment, computers, and programs, the time required for such determinations has been reduced from months to hours. However, crystallography has never found its way into chemical education. There are many reasons for this failure, but the result has been most chemists having little understanding of the method beyond operating equipment and running black box programs. This book provides a basic education on crystallographic methods. As much as possible, it is non-mathematical, and written in language that chemists use. It is designed for the instruction of senior undergraduate students and beginning graduate students, but will also be of interest to any chemist who has had no instruction in crystallography. Much of the book provides information that can be used by chemists who do not plan to conduct crystallographic studies themselves.
Download or read book The Chemical Bond in Inorganic Chemistry written by Ian David Brown and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the bond valence model, a description of acid-base bonding which is becoming increasingly popular particularly in fields such as materials science and mineralogy where solid state inorganic chemistry is important. Recent improvements in crystal structure determination have allowed the model to become more quantitative. Unlike other models of inorganic chemical bonding, the bond valence model is simple, intuitive, and predictive, and can be used for analysing crystal structures and the conceptual modelling of local as well as extended structures. This is the first book to explore in depth the theoretical basis of the model and to show how it can be applied to synthetic and solution chemistry. It emphasizes the separate roles of the constraints of chemistry and of three-dimensional space by analysing the chemistry of solids. Many applications of the model in physics, materials science, chemistry, mineralogy, soil science, surface science, and molecular biology are reviewed. The final chapter describes how the bond valence model relates to and represents a simplification of other models of inorganic chemical bonding.
Download or read book Advanced X ray Crystallography written by Kari Rissanen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Studies of Crystal Structure and Bonding, by Angelo Gavezzotti Cryo-Crystallography: Diffraction at Low Temperature and More, by Piero Macchi High-Pressure Crystallography, by Malcolm I. McMahon Chemical X-Ray Photodiffraction: Principles, Examples, and Perspectives, by Panče Naumov Powder Diffraction Crystallography of Molecular Solids, by Kenneth D. M. Harris
Download or read book Chemical Crystallography written by Charles William Bunn and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Crystal Structure Determination written by Werner Massa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to modern crystal structure determination, emphasizing both the crystallographic background and the successive practical steps. In the theoretical sections, more importance is attached to a good understanding, than to a rigorous mathematical treatment. The most important measuring techniques, including the use of modern area detectors, and the methods of data reduction, structure solution and refinement are discussed from a practical point of view. Special emphasis is put on the ability to recognize and avoid possible errors and traps, and to judge the quality of results.
Download or read book Engineering Crystallography From Molecule to Crystal to Functional Form written by Kevin J. Roberts and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the current state-of-the-art regarding the application of applied crystallographic methodologies for understanding, predicting and controlling the transformation from the molecular to crystalline state with the latter exhibiting pre-defined properties. This philosophy is built around the fundamental principles underpinning the three inter-connected themes of Form (what), Formation (how) and Function (why). Topics covered include: molecular and crystal structure, chirality and ferromagnetism, supramolecular assembly, defects and reactivity, morphology and surface energetics. Approaches for preparing crystals and nano-crystals with novel physical, chemical and mechanical properties include: crystallisation, seeding, phase diagrams, polymorphic control, chiral separation, ultrasonic techniques and mechano-chemistry. The vision is realised through examination of a range of advanced analytical characterisation techniques including in-situ studies. The work is underpinned through an unprecedented structural perspective of molecular features, solid-state packing arrangements and surface energetics as well as in-situ studies. This work will be of interest to researchers, industrialists, intellectual property specialists and policy makers interested in the latest developments in the design and supply of advanced high added-value organic solid-form materials and product composites.
