Download or read book Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Water Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by Shichen Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from several freshwater sources (Hinkson Creek upstream and downstream of the City of Columbia, Missouri River, landfill leachate, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The goal was to identify major chemical compound classes, such as carboxylic acid, amide, ester, and aliphatic and aromatic characteristics in water samples from different sources. Results showed that samples from the city landfills contained the highest concentration of aromatic and protein-like compounds, while samples from WWTP contained more acids and hydrophilic fraction. It appeared that for freshwaters, the DOM inputs from the surroundings had a significant effect on the DOM chemical composition. The study demonstrated that coupling FTIR with XPS analyses could provide insights into the physicochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of DOM in different aquatic systems, as well as the characteristics of the environments from which the DOMs were derived.
Download or read book Reactivity and Chemical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in an Estuary written by Hussain A. Abdulla and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Prairie Surface Water Using FTIR Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water written by Jean-Phillipe Croue and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research reported on here sought to characterize natural organic matter (NOM) in dilute solutions and to isolate it without altering its properties, so that the effect of NOM in drinking water may be considered. Several NOM isolation methods were evaluated, including evaporation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and adsorption. The effects of such isolation procedures on NOM's chemical composition and reactivity were considered. Based on these studies, the report presents conclusions regarding the feasibility and adequacy of in situ and ex situ techniques. Croue is affiliated with Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau de l'Environment, Universite de Poiters. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Air pollution and climate change Interactions and co mitigation written by Shupeng Zhu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology written by Uma Shanker and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-27 with total page 2759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Green and Sustainable Nanotechnology presents sustainable and green technologies for the development of products and processes which are environmental friendly, economically sustainable, safe, energy-efficient, decrease waste and diminish greenhouse gas emissions. It provides the overall spectrum of fundamentals, development and applications of sustainable and green technologies. Topics such as legal, health and safety issues are discussed as well. The book elucidates paths to real time utilization of green and sustainable nanotechnology at commercial scale.
Download or read book Advanced Ozonation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Hongbin Cao and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ozone has been actively and widely employed in water and wastewater treatment, but the utilization of ozone alone is insufficient for purifying and disinfecting water to the emission standard of real-world situations because of its selective oxidation behaviour. With the assistance of catalysts (especially heterogeneous catalysts) and coupling with other effective technologies such as the Fenton process, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, ultrasound, microwave, and ceramic membranes, ozone can be effectively activated into more powerful reactive oxygen species (especially hydroxyl radicals). These combined technologies lead to an enhanced efficiency and complete mineralization capability that open up the method for more practical applications. Advanced Ozonation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment introduces the state-of-the-art catalysts used in catalytic ozonation and various combined processes with ozone. The reaction mechanisms, process kinetics, structure–property–activity relationships of catalysts, effects of operation parameters in these processes and the present state of practical applications and future trends are also discussed, making this a useful reference both for water treatment professionals and for those researching ozonation processes.
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter Percolated from Periphyton in the Everglades Characterization and Interaction with Mercury written by Afia Anjuman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When organic matters of various kinds decompose partially, dissolved or soluble organic matters can form. The organic matters are usually produced from plants, soil, bacteria, algae, and living organisms. The wetland of Everglades is rich in dissolved organic matters. The quantity and quality of these dissolved organic matters have significant impact on environmental factors such as biogeochemical activity, transport, absorption, complexation, and more specifically the speciation and geochemical cycling of toxic metals such as mercury (Hg). Everglades wetland is abundant in periphyton which can also be responsible for dissolved organic matter percolation and production. The DOM from periphyton, in particular when freshly produced and released into the water, would have a profound effect on mercury species present in the water, e.g., by forming mercury-DOM complexes. This experiment is designed to perform quantitative and qualitative analysis of DOM produced by periphyton and the complexation of mercury with the produced DOM from periphyton in molecular level. In addition to organic carbon analysis, the samples will be analyzed for optical properties by using a spectrofluorometer for information on the sources, types, and reactivity of DOM. Studies will be done with addition of inorganic and methyl mercury of different concentrations in leached DOM samples from different types of periphyton by observing fluorescence quenching for Hg-DOM complexation using 3D Excitation Emission Matrices Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Water samples from different types of periphyton will be differentiated by measuring different functional groups of DOM; such as total protein, carbohydrates, and thiols; including Chlorophyll-a and nutrients quantitatively using some standard protocols. Measurement of specific types of DOM from periphyton quantitatively will be performed by observing periphyton biomass response for interaction with mercury using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The project will improve the understanding of the relation between DOM and periphyton and the environmental processes of Hg impacted by periphyton in the Florida Everglades.
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book Molecular and Optical Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Central Arctic Ocean written by Xianyu Kong and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the ocean is a complex mixture of molecules derived from autochthonous (marine) or allochthonous (terrestrial) origins. DOM plays an important role in marine biogeochemical cycles by attenuating light available for primary production, serving as an energy and nutrient source for heterotrophic communities, regulating the ultraviolet and visible light absorption, undergoing photochemical processing, and acting as a trace metal ligand. DOM in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) is influenced by increased freshwater input and associated terrestrial materials in recent decades due to rapid climate change. The quantification of DOM sources (terrestrial versus marine) in the water column of the CAO is not well constrained. Few studies have systematically investigated the seasonality and spatial variability of DOM by combining optical and molecular-level analytical techniques in the CAO, especially during winter. State of the art chemical characterization of DOM is subject to major challenges: Solid phase extraction (SPE) that is often used to desalt and pre-concentrate marine DOM introduces chemical fractionation effects, which limits the comparability between analytical results for original samples and those carried out for SPE-DOM. There is no specific method to quantify fractionation effects, nor specific guidelines to avoid fractionation. Using mass spectrometry, quantitative DOM analyses is challenged by selective ionization of molecules and the large number of unresolved structural isomers that prevent classical external calibration. In the first part of this thesis, a method was developed to quantitatively track optical or chemical fractionation during SPE and investigate the potential mechanisms. We found a decrease in extraction efficiency of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), fluorescence and absorbance, and polar organic substances with increasing carbon loading on the SPE column. As the surface loading of the solid-phase increased, the dominant extraction mechanism shifted from PPL physisorption to increased DOM self-assembly, resulting in optical and chemical fractionation. The relative DOC loading (DOCload) was used to assess the carbon loading during SPE, and a double sigmoid model was applied to our online permeate fluorescence data as a function of DOCload, which allowed us to assess the degree of variability induced by DOCload. This finding has ample implications for the future processing and previous interpretation of chemical characteristics in SPE-DOM of aquatic organic matter. For the second part of the thesis, original water samples were acquired from the “Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate” (MOSAiC) expedition. The water column samples covered a full year (2019 / 2020) and included the regions Amundsen Basin, western Nansen Basin and Yermak Plateau and Fram Strait. Samples were analyzed using optical spectroscopy to determine chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and fluorescent DOM (FDOM). In addition, a new method was applied that used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry hyphenated to high performance liquid chromatography (LC-FTMS). The method allowed DOM analysis in original filtered water and thus avoided the chemical fractionation introduced by SPE. During the MOSAiC expedition, DOC concentrations and CDOM characteristics in the water column were primarily influenced by regional differences. These differences were largely dependent on terrestrially-derived DOM (tDOM) input by the transpolar drift (TPD) as indicative of average 136% and 45% higher aCDOM(350) and DOC concentration, respectively, in the Amundsen compared to the western Nansen Basin and Yermak Plateau, and slightly modified by seasonal changes. Despite the convenient identification of tDOM, optical spectroscopy was not suitable to quantify the contribution of tDOM to bulk DOC or to track sea ice derived DOM in the water column. In contrast, using LC-FTMS, we found quantitative linear correlation between the summed mass peak magnitudes for each sample (intsum) and DOC concentration. By combing LC-FTMS and source identification with optical parameters, we were able to quantify DOM sources (terrestrial versus marine) in the water column: 83% of the summed peak magnitude of all samples could be related to marine or terrestrial sources. tDOM contributed ∼17% (or 8 μmol kg-1) to deep DOC (~2000 m) in the CAO and was more refractory and had a higher state of unsaturation compared to marine DOM. The quantitative characterization of DOM in original seawater from different origin is a major step in the field of research. It provides a unique and new insight into the molecular changes in marine DOM composition and an improved understanding of the terrestrial DOM distribution in the CAO.
Download or read book Analytical Geomicrobiology written by Janice P. L. Kenney and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive handbook outlining state-of-the-art analytical techniques used in geomicrobiology, for advanced students, researchers and professional scientists.
Download or read book Characterization of Rainwater Dissolved Organic Matter by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Brennan Carter Opanasenko and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectroscopic Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter written by John Robert Helms and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wunderli Karl 1881 1961 written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zeitungsausschnitte.
Download or read book Natural Organic Matter in Water written by Mika Sillanpaa and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Organic Matter in Water: Characterization, Treatment Methods, and Climate Change Impact, Second Edition focuses on advanced filtration and treatment options, as well as processes for reducing disinfection by-products, making it an essential resource on the latest breakthroughs in the characterization, treatment and removal of natural organic matter (NOM) from drinking water. Based on the editor’s years of research and field experience, the book covers general parameters, isolation and concentration, fractionation, composition and structural analysis, and biological testing, along with removal methods such as inorganic coagulants, polyelectrolytes and composite coagulants. In addition, sections cover electrochemical and membranes removal methods such as electrocoagulation, electrochemical oxidation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and membrane fouling. This book is a valuable guide for engineers and researchers looking to integrate methods, processes and technologies to achieve desired affects. Provides a summary of up-to-date information surrounding NOM Presents enhanced knowledge on treatment strategies for the removal of NOM Covers conventional as well as advanced NOM removal methods
Download or read book Characterization and Identification of Dissolved Organic Matter Sources in a Drinking Water Reservoir Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy Methods written by 王家緯 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3 written by D. L. Sparks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 1424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough presentation of analytical methods for characterizing soil chemical properties and processes, Methods, Part 3 includes chapters on Fourier transform infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance, x-ray photoelectron, and x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopies, and more.
