Download or read book Catalytic Nanoparticle Additives in the Combustion of AP HTPB Composite Solid Propellant written by Kevin R. Kreitz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented in this thesis is a study of the effects of nano-sized particles used as a catalytic additive in composite solid propellant. This study was done with titanium oxide (titania)-based particles, but much of the findings and theory are applicable to any metal oxide produced by a similar method. The process required for efficiently producing larger batches of nanoparticle additives was seen to have a significant impact on the effectiveness of the additive to modify the burning rate of composite propellant consisting of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). Specifically, titania was seen to be both an effective and ineffective burning rate modifier depending on how the nanoparticle additive was dried and subsequently heat treated. Nanoadditives were produced by various synthesis methods and tested in composite propellant consisting of 80 percent AP. Processability and scale-up effects are examined in selecting ideal synthesis methods of nanoscale titanium oxide for use as a burning rate modifier in composite propellant. Sintering of spray-dried additive agglomerates during the heat-treating process was shown to make the agglomerates difficult to break up during mixing and hinder the dispersion of the additive in the propellant. A link between additive processing, agglomerate dispersion mechanics and ultimately catalytic effect on the burning rate of AP/HTPB propellants has been developed by the theories presented in this thesis. This thesis studies the interaction between additive dispersion and the dispersion of reactions created by using fine AP in multimodal propellants. A limit in dispersion with powder additives was seen to cause the titania catalyst to be less effective in propellants containing fine AP. A new method for incorporating metal oxide nanoadditives into composite propellant with very high dispersion by suspending the additive material in the propellant binder is introduced. This new method has produced increases in burning rate of 50 to 60 percent over baseline propellants. This thesis reviews these studies with a particular focus on the application and scale-up of these nanoparticle additives to implement these additives in actual motor propellants and assesses many of the current problems and difficulties that hinder the nanoadditives' true potential in composite propellant.
Download or read book Laboratory Scale Burning and Characterizing of Composite Solid Propellant for Studying Novel Nanoparticle Synthesis Methods written by Tyler Winston Allen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the effects of nanoparticle, metal-oxide additives on the burning rate of composite solid propellants. Recent advancements in chemical synthesis techniques have allowed for the production of improved solid rocket propellant nano-scale additives. These additives show larger burning rate increases in composite propellants compared to previous additive generations. In addition to improving additive effectiveness, novel synthesis methods can improve manufacturability, reduce safety risks, and maximize energy efficiency of nano-scale burning rate enhancers. Several different nano-sized additives, each titania-based, were tested and compared for the same baseline AP/HTPB formulas and AP size distributions. The various methods demonstrate the evolution in our methods from spray-dried powders to pre-mixing the additive in the HTPB binder, and finally to a method of producing the additive directly in the binder as a nano-assembly. Burning rate increases as high as 80% at additive mass loadings of less than 0.5% were seen in non-aluminized, ammonium perchlorate-based propellants over the pressure spectrum of 500 psi (3.5 MPa) to 2250 psi (15.5 MPa). Increases in burning rate up to 73% were seen in similarly formulated aluminized propellants. During the past several years, the research team has refined laboratory-scale techniques for quickly and reliably assessing the mixing and performance of composite propellants with catalytic nanoparticle additives. This thesis also documents some of the details related to repeatability, accuracy, and realism of the methods used in the team's recent nano-additive research; it also introduces the latest techniques for producing propellants with nano-sized additives and provides new burning rate results for the entire scope of additives and mixing methods. Details on the propellant characterization methods with regard to physical and combustion properties are provided. Snapshots from atmospheric propellant combustion videos taken with a Photron FASTCAM SA3 high-speed camera are included along with existing pressure and light-emission responses. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149557
Download or read book Innovative Energetic Materials Properties Combustion Performance and Application written by WeiQiang Pang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-04 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the combustion performance and application of innovative energetic materials for solid and hybrid space rocket propulsion. It provides a comprehensive overview of advanced technologies in the field of innovative energetic materials and combustion performance, introduces methods of modeling and diagnosing the aggregation/agglomeration of active energetic metal materials in solid propellants, and investigates the potential applications of innovative energetic materials in solid and hybrid propulsion. In addition, it also provides step-by-step solutions for sample problems to help readers gain a good understanding of combustion performance and potential applications of innovative energetic materials in space propulsion. This book serves as an excellent resource for researchers and engineers in the field of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics.
Download or read book Effects of Aluminum and Iron Nanoparticle Additives on Composite AP HTPB Solid Propellant Regression Rate written by Jeremy A. Styborski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanomaterials in Rocket Propulsion Systems written by Qi-Long Yan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials in Rocket Propulsion Systems covers the fundamentals of nanomaterials and examines a wide range of innovative applications, presenting the current state-of-the-art in the field. Opening with a chapter on nano-sized energetic materials, the book examines metal nanoparticles-based fuels, ballistic modifiers, stabilizers and catalysts as the components of rocket propellants. Hydrogen storage materials for rocket propulsion based on nanotubes are then discussed, as are nano-porous materials and metal organic frameworks, nano-gelled propellants, nano-composite ablators and ceramic nano-composites. Other applications examined include high thermal conductivity metallic nano-composite nozzle liners, nano-emitters for Coulomb propulsion of space-crafts, and highly thermostable nano-ceramics for rocket motors. The book finishes with coverage of combustion of nano-sized rocket fuels, nano-particles and their combustion in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), plasma propulsion and nano-scale physics. Users will find this to be a valuable resource for academic and government institutions, professionals, new researchers and graduate students working in the application of nanomaterials in the aerospace industry.
Download or read book Solid Propellant Chemistry Combustion and Motor Interior Ballistics 1999 written by Vigor Yang and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanomaterials in Rocket Propulsion Systems written by Qi-Long Yan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials in Rocket Propulsion Systems covers the fundamentals of nanomaterials and examines a wide range of innovative applications, presenting the current state-of-the-art in the field. Opening with a chapter on nano-sized energetic materials, the book examines metal nanoparticles-based fuels, ballistic modifiers, stabilizers and catalysts as the components of rocket propellants. Hydrogen storage materials for rocket propulsion based on nanotubes are then discussed, as are nano-porous materials and metal organic frameworks, nano-gelled propellants, nano-composite ablators and ceramic nano-composites. Other applications examined include high thermal conductivity metallic nano-composite nozzle liners, nano-emitters for Coulomb propulsion of space-crafts, and highly thermostable nano-ceramics for rocket motors. The book finishes with coverage of combustion of nano-sized rocket fuels, nano-particles and their combustion in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS), plasma propulsion and nano-scale physics. Users will find this to be a valuable resource for academic and government institutions, professionals, new researchers and graduate students working in the application of nanomaterials in the aerospace industry. Provides a detailed overview of different types of nanomaterials used in rocket propulsion, highlighting different situations in which different materials are used Demonstrates the use of new nanomaterial concepts, allowing for an increase in payload capacity or a decrease in launch mass Explores a range of applications using metal nanopowders, presenting a panorama on cutting-edge, technological developments
Download or read book Energetic Materials Research Applications and New Technologies written by Goncalves, Rene Francisco Boschi and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, there has been an influx in the development of new technologies for deep space exploration. Countries all around the world are investing in resources to create advanced energetic materials and propulsion systems for their aerospace initiatives. Energetic Materials Research, Applications, and New Technologies is an essential reference source of the latest research in aerospace engineering and its application in space exploration. Featuring comprehensive coverage across a range of related topics, such as molecular dynamics, rocket engine models, propellants and explosives, and quantum chemistry calculations, this book is an ideal reference source for academicians, researchers, advanced-level students, and technology developers seeking innovative research in aerospace engineering.
Download or read book Catalytic Behavior in Composite Solid Propellant Combustion written by Warren C. Strahle and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report describes experiments and theoretical analysis concerned with sandwich combustion. The ingredients used in the experiment are compacted polycrystalline ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene as the binder and four catalysts: Harshaw catalyst CU-0202, Fe2O3, ferrocene, and iron blue. The pressure range studied is 600-2000 psia. The experimental techniques used are cinephotomacrography for sample observation during burning and burn rate determination, scanning electron microscopy for observation of quenched samples, and electron microprobing for an exploratory study of surface compositon. A theoretical solution to a simple sandwich deflagration problem is attained. The probable sites of catalytic activity are determined, results are compared with actual propellant experience, and the analysis is used to clarify experimental results. (Author).
Download or read book Propellants and Explosives written by Naminosuke Kubota and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition of the classic on the thermochemical aspects of the combustion of propellants and explosives is completely revised and updated and now includes a section on green propellants and offers an up-to-date view of the thermochemical aspects of combustion and corresponding applications. Clearly structured, the first half of the book presents an introduction to pyrodynamics, describing fundamental aspects of the combustion of energetic materials, while the second part highlights applications of energetic materials, such as propellants, explosives and pyrolants, with a focus on the phenomena occurring in rocket motors. Finally, an appendix gives a brief overview of the fundamentals of aerodynamics and heat transfer, which is a prerequisite for the study of pyrodynamics. A detailed reference for readers interested in rocketry or explosives technology.
Download or read book Modeling Solid Propellant Strand Burner Experiments with Catalytic Additives written by Corey Anthony Frazier and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation studies how nanoadditives influence burning rates through the development and use of a model to conduct parametric studies on nanoadditive interaction and to formulate theories. Decades of research have yet to determine the specific mechanisms for additive influence and the theories remain diverse and fragmented. It has been theorized that additives catalyze the combustion and thermal decomposition of AP, influence the condensed phases, and enhance the pyrolysis and regression of the binder. The main focus of the thesis was to approximate the enhanced boratory using spray-dried, spray-dried/heat-treated, and premixed TiO2 nanoadditives with ammonium perchlorate (AP) / hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) composite propellants. The model is based on the classic Beckstead-Derr-Price (BDP) and Cohen-Strand models and contains a component that determines the pressure changes within the strand burner during a test. The model accurately predicts measured burning rates for baseline propellants without additives over a range of 500 - 3000 psi within 10%. The strand burner component of the model predicts the experimental pressure trace accurately. Further, the strand burner component determines an average burning rate over time and predicts a transient burning rate if provided a pressure trace. A parametric study with the model parameters determined that the nanoadditives appear to be increasing the AP condensed phase reaction rate. This conclusion was drawn because only changes in AP condensed-phase reaction rate would adequately and realistically replicate burning rate enhancements seen in laboratory experiments. Parametric studies with binder kinetics, binder regression rate, AP surface kinetics, and primary flame kinetics produced burning rate behavior that did not match that seen in experiments with the additives. The model was further used to develop a theory for how the nanoadditive affects the AP condensed phase, and a new parameter, (Omega)c, that influences the AP condensed phase reaction rate was created that replicates spray-dried, spray-dried/heat-treated, and premixed TiO2 nanoadditive experimental burning rates. Finally, the model was used to develop a first approximation of predicting anomalous burning rate trends such as a negative pressure dependence and extinguishment. A new term, Mc, that modifies the ratio of binder mass flux to oxidizer mass flux is used in tandem with (Omega)c to develop a negative burning rate trend that is close to the experimental result.
Download or read book Energetic Nanomaterials written by Vladimir E Zarko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application provides researchers in academia and industry the most novel and meaningful knowledge on nanoenergetic materials, covering the fundamental chemical aspects from synthesis to application. This valuable resource fills the current gap in book publications on nanoenergetics, the energetic nanomaterials that are applied in explosives, gun and rocket propellants, and pyrotechnic devices, which are expected to yield improved properties, such as a lower vulnerability towards shock initiation, enhanced blast, and environmentally friendly replacements of currently used materials. The current lack of a systematic and easily available book in this field has resulted in an underestimation of the input of nanoenergetic materials to modern technologies. This book is an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, industry, and research institutes dealing with the production and characterization of energetic materials all over the world. Written by high-level experts in the field of nanoenergetics Covers the hot topic of energetic nanomaterials, including nanometals and their applications in nanoexplosives Fills a gap in energetic nanomaterials book publications
Download or read book Synergistic and Novel Effects in Composite Solid Propellant Combustion written by Warren C. Strahle and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes experiments and analysis concerned with sandwich and cast composite solid propellant combustion. The ingredients used in the experiments are ammonium perchlorate as the oxidizer, hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene as the binder and four catalysts: Harshaw catalyst CU-0202, Fe2O3, ferrocene and iron blue. Cinephotomacrography and the fuze wire technique are used for combustion visualization and burn rate determination. Scanning electron microscopy is used for quenched sample visualization. Areas investigated are (a) analytical and experimental determination of synergistic catalytic effects in sandwich and propellant combustion, (b) the loading of ferrocene into the binder at the molecular level and its effect on sandwich combustion, (c) differential scanning calorimetry of catalyst laden binder and (d) analysis of sandwich deflagration.
Download or read book Chemical Rocket Propulsion written by Luigi T. De Luca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 1069 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developed and expanded from the work presented at the New Energetic Materials and Propulsion Techniques for Space Exploration workshop in June 2014, this book contains new scientific results, up-to-date reviews, and inspiring perspectives in a number of areas related to the energetic aspects of chemical rocket propulsion. This collection covers the entire life of energetic materials from their conceptual formulation to practical manufacturing; it includes coverage of theoretical and experimental ballistics, performance properties, as well as laboratory-scale and full system-scale, handling, hazards, environment, ageing, and disposal. Chemical Rocket Propulsion is a unique work, where a selection of accomplished experts from the pioneering era of space propulsion and current technologists from the most advanced international laboratories discuss the future of chemical rocket propulsion for access to, and exploration of, space. It will be of interest to both postgraduate and final-year undergraduate students in aerospace engineering, and practicing aeronautical engineers and designers, especially those with an interest in propulsion, as well as researchers in energetic materials.
Download or read book Nanoenergetic Materials written by Djalal Trache and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly informative and carefully presented book discusses the preparation, processing, characterization and applications of different types of nanoenergetic materials, as well as the tailoring of their properties. It gives an overview of recent advances of outstanding classes of energetic materials applied in the fields of physics, chemistry, aerospace, defense, and materials science, among others. The content of this book is relevant to researchers in academia and industry professionals working on the development of advanced nanoenergetic materials and their applications.
Download or read book Metal Nanopowders written by Alexander A. Gromov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with both postgraduate students and researchers in academia and industry in mind, this reference covers the chemistry behind metal nanopowders, including production, characterization, oxidation and combustion. The contributions from renowned international scientists working in the field detail applications in technologies, scale-up processes and safety aspects surrounding their handling and storage.
Download or read book High energy Combustion Agents of Organic Borohydrides written by XiaoHong Zhang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion agents for solid fuel propellants and explosives have gained widespread interest in recent years. Their high gravimetric heat of combustion enhances the performance of modern energetic materials. Borohydride compounds have proved to be excellent candidates in this application. High-energy Combustion Agents of Borohydrides covers the most recent developments in the advanced combustion agents of borohydrides. Experimental studies covering the synthesis and characterisation of borohydrides are examined, as well as the interactions between borohydride and propellant ingredients. The properties of BHN/nano Al composites are discussed, as is the effect of borohydrides on the properties of fuel-rich solid propellants. The book concludes with a summary of the prospective development of high-energy combustion agents in solid propellants and explosives, and looks into the future development of military applications. Authored by renowned experts in the field, this book will appeal to researchers in academia and industry seeking a better understanding of how to improve the ignition and combustion performance of propellants and explosives.
