Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-30 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Although causal reasoning is a component of most of our cognitive functions, it has been neglected in cognitive psychology for many decades. The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning offers a state-of-the-art review of the growing field, and its contribution to the world of cognitive science. The Handbook begins with an introduction of competing theories of causal learning and reasoning. In the next section, it presents research about basic cognitive functions involved in causal cognition, such as perception, categorization, argumentation, decision-making, and induction. The following section examines research on domains that embody causal relations, including intuitive physics, legal and moral reasoning, psychopathology, language, social cognition, and the roles of space and time. The final section presents research from neighboring fields that study developmental, phylogenetic, and cultural differences in causal cognition. The chapters, each written by renowned researchers in their field, fill in the gaps of many cognitive psychology textbooks, emphasizing the crucial role of causal structures in our everyday lives. This Handbook is an essential read for students and researchers of the cognitive sciences, including cognitive, developmental, social, comparative, and cross-cultural psychology; philosophy; methodology; statistics; artificial intelligence; and machine learning.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Causal Reasoning written by Michael Waldmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causal reasoning is one of our most central cognitive competencies, enabling us to adapt to our world. Causal knowledge allows us to predict future events, or diagnose the causes of observed facts. We plan actions and solve problems using knowledge about cause-effect relations. Without our ability to discover and empirically test causal theories, we would not have made progress in various empirical sciences. The handbook brings together the leading researchers in the field of causal reasoning and offers state-of-the-art presentations of theories and research. It provides introductions of competing theories of causal reasoning, and discusses its role in various cognitive functions and domains. The final section presents research from neighboring fields.

Download or read book A Primer to Causal Reasoning About a Complex World written by Lars-Göran Johansson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Discovering Leadership written by Anthony Middlebrooks and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2019-01-08 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepare your students to lead the future. Discovering Leadership: Designing Your Success provides a practical, engaging foundation and easy-to-understand framework for individuals to purposefully design leadership. This action-oriented text starts with the self and helps students understand their individual strengths, styles, and skills through numerous reflection opportunities. Next, the text explores the relational aspects of leadership and best practices for motivating and inspiring followers. Finally, the text concludes by examining how leaders can transform their communities and create lasting, positive change. Practical applications and activities in each chapter help students develop their confidence, optimism, resiliency, and engagement. Regardless of your students’ background or major, they will gain the knowledge and skills they need to become thoughtful, impactful leaders. Give your students the SAGE edge! SAGE edge offers a robust online environment featuring an impressive array of free tools and resources for review, study, and further exploration, keeping both instructors and students. "One of the best leadership texts I have ever read. If students immerse themselves in the activities and discussions contained within, they will put this book down with understanding of how to motivate others to know, be, and do more." –Joshua H. Truitt, University of Central Florida

Download or read book 12th Annual Conference C S S Pod written by John R. Anderson and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of a series on Cognition. Looking at Memory, Catergorization, Causal Inference and Problem Solving. First Published in 1990. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book The Nature and Development of Decision making written by James P. Byrnes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although everyone has goals, only some people successfully attain their respective goals on a regular basis. With this in mind, the author attempts to answer the question of why some people are more successful than others. He begins with the assumption that the key to personal success is effective decision-making, and then utilizes his own theory--The Self-Regulation Model--to explain the origin and nature of individual differences in decision-making competence. The author also summarizes a number of existing models of decision-making and risk-taking. This book has two primary goals: * to provide a comprehensive review of the developmental literature on the decision-making skills of children, adolescents, and adults, and * to propose a theoretical model of decision-making skill that offers a better description of this skill than prior accounts. Taken together, the literature review and theoretical model help the reader acquire a clear sense of the development of decision-making skills as well as reasons for the developmental differences that seem to emerge.

Download or read book Autobiographical Memory written by David C. Rubin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988-08-26 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autobiographical memory is a major form of human memory. it is the basis of most psycotherapies, an important repository of legal, historical, and literary information, and, in some views, the source of the concept of self. When it fails, it is the focus of serious complaints in many neurological disorders. This timely book brings together and integrates the best contemporary work on the cognitive psychology of autobiographical memory. Introductory chapters place the study of autobiographical memory in its historical, methodological, and theoretical contexts; chapters reporting original research probe the recollections people have for substantial portions of their lives. Topics include the schematic and temporal organization of autobiographical memory, the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories, and the failures of autobiographical memory in various forms of amnesia. Autobiographical Memory constitutes the first tutorial in this exciting new area of research. Cognitive psychologists, clinicians, researchers in artificial intelligence, and their students - indeed, anyone interested in the processes that preserve and distort autobiography - will find it a useful resource.

Download or read book Treating Internalizing Disorders in Children and Adolescents written by Douglas W. Nangle and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying 13 core techniques and strategies that cut across all available evidence-based treatments for child and adolescent mood and anxiety disorders, this book provides theoretical rationales, step-by-step implementation guidelines, and rich clinical examples. Therapists can flexibly draw from these elements to tailor interventions to specific clients, or can use the book as an instructive companion to any treatment manual. Coverage includes exposure tasks, cognitive strategies, problem solving, modeling, relaxation, psychoeducation, social skills training, praise and rewards, activity scheduling, self-monitoring, goal setting, homework, and maintenance and relapse prevention.

Download or read book The Psychology of Planning in Organizations written by Michael D. Mumford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines planning as the critical influence on performance at work and in organizations. Bridging theory and practice, it unites cutting-edge research findings from cognitive science, social psychology, industrial and organizational psychology, strategic management, and entrepreneurship, and describes the practical applications of these research findings for practitioners interested in improving planning performance in organizations.

Download or read book Computers as Metacognitive Tools for Enhancing Learning written by Roger Azevedo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2005. This Volume 40, No 4 of Autumn 2005 of the Educational Psychologist. The articles appearing in this special issue of Educational Psychologist reflect a growing interest by researchers from various fields in examining the use of computers as metacognitive tools for enhancing learning. This topic has become increasingly important as computer-based learning environments become ubiquitous and students use them extensively both in and out of school to learn about conceptually rich domains.

Download or read book Second Generation Expert Systems written by Jean-Marc David and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second Generation Expert Systems have been a very active field of research during the last years. Much work has been carried out to overcome drawbacks of first generation expert systems. This book presents an overview and new contributions from people who have played a major role in this evolution. It is divided in several sections that cover the main topics of the subject: - Combining Multiple Reasoning Paradigms - Knowledge Level Modelling - Knowledge Acquisition in Second Generation Expert Systems - Explanation of Reasoning - Architectures for Second Generation Expert Systems. This book can serve as a reference book for researchers and students and will also be an invaluable help for practitioners involved in KBS developments.

Download or read book Narrative Comprehension Causality and Coherence written by Susan R. Goldman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-08-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an excellent overview of the field of discourse processes, capturing both its breadth and its depth. World-renowned researchers present the latest theoretical developments and thought-provoking empirical data. In doing so, they cover a broad range of communicative activities, including text comprehension, conversational communication, argumentation, television or media viewing, and more. A central theme across all chapters concerns the notion that coherence determines the interpretation of the communication. The various chapters illustrate the many forms that coherence can take, and explore its role in different communicative settings.

Download or read book Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems written by Wayne D. Gray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cognitive modeling has progressed beyond modeling cognition in the context of simple laboratory tasks and begun to attack the problem of modeling it in more complex, realistic environments, such as those studied by researchers in the field of human factors. The problems that the cognitive modeling community is tackling focus on modeling certain problems of communication and control that arise when integrating with the external environment factors such as implicit and explicit knowledge, emotion, cognition, and the cognitive system. These problems must be solved in order to produce integrated cognitive models of moderately complex tasks. Architectures of cognition in these tasks focus on the control of a central system, which includes control of the central processor itself, initiation of functional processes, such as visual search and memory retrieval, and harvesting the results of these functional processes. Because the control of the central system is conceptually different from the internal control required by individual functional processes, a complete architecture of cognition must incorporate two types of theories of control: Type 1 theories of the structure, functionality, and operation of the controller, and type 2 theories of the internal control of functional processes, including how and what they communicate to the controller. This book presents the current state of the art for both types of theories, as well as contrasts among current approaches to human-performance models. It will be an important resource for professional and student researchers in cognitive science, cognitive-engineering, and human-factors.Contributors: Kevin A. Gluck, Jerry T. Ball, Michael A. Krusmark, Richard W. Pew, Chris R. Sims, Vladislav D. Veksler, John R. Anderson, Ron Sun, Nicholas L. Cassimatis, Randy J. Brou, Andrew D. Egerton, Stephanie M. Doane, Christopher W. Myers, Hansjorg Neth, Jeremy M Wolfe, Marc Pomplun, Ronald A. Rensink, Hansjorg Neth, Chris R. Sims, Peter M. Todd, Lael J. Schooler, Wai-Tat Fu, Michael C. Mozer, Sachiko Kinoshita, Michael Shettel, Alex Kirlik, Vladislav D. Veksler, Michael J. Schoelles, Jerome R. Busemeyer, Eric Dimperio, Ryan K. Jessup, Jonathan Gratch, Stacy Marsella, Glenn Gunzelmann, Kevin A. Gluck, Scott Price, Hans P. A. Van Dongen, David F. Dinges, Frank E. Ritter, Andrew L. Reifers, Laura Cousino Klein, Michael J. Schoelles, Eva Hudlicka, Hansjorg Neth, Christopher W. Myers, Dana Ballard, Nathan Sprague, Laurence T. Maloney, Julia Trommershauser, Michael S. Landy, A. Hornof, Michael J. Schoelles, David Kieras, Dario D. Salvucci, Niels Taatgen, Erik M. Altmann, Richard A. Carlson, Andrew Howes, Richard L. Lewis, Alonso Vera, Richard P. Cooper, and Michael D. Byrne

Download or read book Knowledge Based Systems Four Volume Set written by Cornelius T. Leondes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-07-11 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of knowledge systems is finding myriad applications from corporate databases to general decision support in areas as diverse as engineering, manufacturing and other industrial processes, medicine, business, and economics. In engineering, for example, knowledge bases can be utilized for reliable electric power system operation. In medicine they support complex diagnoses, while in business they inform the process of strategic planning. Programmed securities trading and the defeat of chess champion Kasparov by IBM's Big Blue are two familiar examples of dedicated knowledge bases in combination with an expert system for decision-making.With volumes covering "Implementation," "Optimization," "Computer Techniques," and "Systems and Applications," this comprehensive set constitutes a unique reference source for students, practitioners, and researchers in computer science, engineering, and the broad range of applications areas for knowledge-based systems.

Download or read book The Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-09-19 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter thoughtfully integrates the writings of leading contributors, who present and discuss significant bodies of research relevant to their discipline. Volume 51 includes chapters on such varied topics as emotion and memory interference, electrophysiology, mathematical cognition, and reader participation in narrative. - Volume 51 of the highly regarded Psychology of Learning and Motivation series - An essential reference for researchers and academics in cognitive science - Relevant to both applied concerns and basic research

Download or read book Models in Software Engineering written by Sudipto Ghosh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes a collection of the best papers selected from 9 workshops and 2 symposia held in conjunction iwth MODELS 2009, the 12 International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, in Denver, CO, USA, in October 2009. The first two sections contain selected papers from the Doctoral Symposium and the Educational Symposium, respectively. The other contributions are organized according to the workshops at which they were presented: 2nd International Workshop on Model Based Architecting and Construction of Embedded Systems (ACES-MB'09); 14th International Workshop on Aspect-Oriented Modeling (AOM); [email protected] ([email protected]); Model-driven Engineering, Verification, and Validation: Integrating Verification and Validation in MDE (MoDeVVa09); Models and Evolution (MoDSE-MCCM); Third International Workshop on Multi-Paradigm Modeling (MPM09); The Pragmatics of OCL and Other Textual Specification Languages (OCL); 2nd International Workshop on Non-Functional System Properties in Domain Specific Modeling Languages (NFPinDSML); and 2nd Workshop on Transformation and Weaving OWL Ontologies and MDE/MDA (TWOMDE2009). Each section includes a summary of the workshop.

Download or read book Expert Systems written by Cornelius T. Leondes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-26 with total page 2125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This six-volume set presents cutting-edge advances and applications of expert systems. Because expert systems combine the expertise of engineers, computer scientists, and computer programmers, each group will benefit from buying this important reference work. An "expert system" is a knowledge-based computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. The primary role of the expert system is to perform appropriate functions under the close supervision of the human, whose work is supported by that expert system. In the reverse, this same expert system can monitor and double check the human in the performance of a task. Human-computer interaction in our highly complex world requires the development of a wide array of expert systems. Expert systems techniques and applications are presented for a diverse array of topics including Experimental design and decision support The integration of machine learning with knowledge acquisition for the design of expert systems Process planning in design and manufacturing systems and process control applications Knowledge discovery in large-scale knowledge bases Robotic systems Geograhphic information systems Image analysis, recognition and interpretation Cellular automata methods for pattern recognition Real-time fault tolerant control systems CAD-based vision systems in pattern matching processes Financial systems Agricultural applications Medical diagnosis