Download or read book The Extent of Poverty in Latin America written by Oscar Altimir and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work originated in a research project for the measurement and analysis of income distribution in the Latin American countries, undertaken jointly by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the World Bank. The present paper presents estimates of the extent of absolute poverty for ten Latin American countries and for the region as a whole in the 1970s, on the basis of available household surveys and population censuses. They are based on country-specific poverty lines representing minimum acceptable levels of private consumption, drawn according to a food-based method. Such poverty lines - ranging from 150 to 250 dollars of annual household consumption per capita - express a normative definition of the absolute dimensions of poverty, partly based on expert appraisals and partly reflecting the actual behavior of low income households facing the life style projected by Latin American development. According to these estimates, 40 percent of Latin American households were poor at the beginning of the 1970s, the incidence of poverty being 26 percent in urban areas and 60 percent in rural areas. Urban poverty extended to more than one-third of urban households in some countries (Brazil, Colombia, Honduras) while affecting between 20 and 30 percent in others (Peru, Mexico, Venezuela), about 15 percent in Costa Rica and Chile and less than 10 percent in Argentina and Uruguay. The extent of poverty in rural areas would not be less than 20 percent in any case and would reach more than 60 percent in some countries. The corresponding poverty gaps were also estimated; in terms of total household income, they may represent manageable proportions (around 2-3 percent) in the better-off countries, but are in the 4-8 percent range in the bigger countries of the region and reach as much as 12 percent in Peru and 17 percent in Honduras.

Download or read book Indefinite Objects written by Luis Lopez and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel view of the syntax-semantics interface that analyzes the behavior of indefinite objects. In Indefinite Objects, Luis López presents a novel approach to the syntax-semantics interface using indefinite noun phrases as a database. Traditional approaches map structural configurations to semantic interpretations directly; López links configuration to a mode of semantic composition, with the latter yielding the interpretation. The polyvalent behavior of indefinites has long been explored by linguists who have been interested in their syntax, semantics, and case morphology, and López's contribution can be seen as a synthesis of findings from several traditions. He argues, first, that scrambled indefinite objects are composed by means of Function Application preceded by Choice Function while objects in situ are composed by means of Restrict. This difference yields the different interpretive possibilities of indefinite objects. López's more nuanced approach to the syntax-semantics interface turns out to be rich in empirical consequences. Second, he proposes that short scrambling also yields Differential Marking, provided that context conditions are fulfilled, while in situ objects remain unmarked. Thus, López contributes to the extensive literature on Differential Object Marking by showing that syntactic configuration is a crucial factor. López substantiates this approach with data from Spanish, Hindi-Urdu, Persian (Farsi), Kiswahili, Romanian, and German.

Download or read book Restriction and Saturation written by Sandra Chung and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-10-24 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this study of Maori and Chamorro, Sandra Chung and William Ladusaw make a valuable contribution to the growing literature on the formal semantic analysis of non-Indo-European languages. Their ultimate focus is on how the study of these Austronesian languages can illuminate the alternatives for semantic interpretation and their interaction with syntactic structure. Revisiting the analysis of indefiniteness in terms of restricted free variables, they claim that some varieties of indefinites are better analyzed by taking restriction and saturation to be fundamental semantic operations.Chapters examine the general topic of modes of composition (including predicate restriction and syntactic versus semantic saturation), types of indefinite determiners in Maori, and object incorporation in Chamorro (including discussions of the extra object and restriction without saturation). The authors' goal is that the two case studies they offer, and their larger focus on modes of composition, will contribute to a broader account of the interaction of form, position, and semantic interpretation.

Download or read book Consumer Math written by Alpha Omega Publications and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Movement and Silence written by Richard S. Kayne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects recent articles by Richard Kayne which illustrate the power of the comparative approach & state his argument that syntax is generally more complex than it first appears.

Download or read book Prolegomenon to a Theory of Argument Structure written by Ken Hale and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-10-11 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is the culmination of an eighteen-year collaboration between Ken Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser on the study of the syntax of lexical items. It examines the hypothesis that the behavior of lexical items may be explained in terms of a very small number of very simple principles. In particular, a lexical item is assumed to project a syntactic configuration defined over just two relations, complement and specifier, where these configurations are constrained to preclude iteration and to permit only binary branching. The work examines this hypothesis by methodically looking at a variety of constructions in English and other languages.

Download or read book Casos pr cticos de inversi n y financiaci n en la empresa written by Carlos García-Gutiérrez Fernández and published by . This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuevos casos pr cticos de inversi n y financiaci n written by Javier Santibáñez Grúber and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Este libro presenta una amplia colección de supuestos prácticos relacionados con las decisiones financieras más habituales en la gestión de cualquier empresa, desarrollados por los profesores del Departamento de Finanzas de la Universidad Comercial de Deusto en los últimos años. En concreto, se presentan 73 casos prácticos y 22 ejercicios cortos; todos ellos versan sobre temas como la proyección y el análisis financiero, el estudio de proyectos de inversión (tanto en condiciones de certeza como de riesgo), el cálculo del coste de los fondos y el análisis de las decisiones de financiación. El libro trata de ser útil para la gestión financiera de cualquier empresa: en este sentido, se huye deliberadamente de planteamientos aplicables sólo a grandes empresas cotizadas, centrándose en los temas de aplicación más general. Está concebido como complemento natural de otra obra publicada en esta misma colección, 'Las decisiones financieras en la práctica', de Fernando Gómez-Bezares, en el que se desarrollan los contenidos aquí tratados desde un punto de vista teórico. El lector encontrará en esta colección un número suficiente de supuestos resueltos en detalle, mientras que en el resto de los casos deberá buscar sus propias soluciones. En cualquier caso, se ofrece también un capítulo de contenido algo más teórico, en el que el lector encontrará la descripción de la metodología a utilizar en la resolución de los diferentes supuestos.