Download or read book Carbon Dynamics Across Contrasting Temperate Agroecosystems written by Keunbae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perennial grain crops have been proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional annual grain crops, since they potentially hold multiple desirable features including increased soil C sequestration and biodiversity, mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduction of water loss and others. These attributes are accomplished by their no-tillage management, longer growing season, and pervasive root systems. Nonetheless, the ramifications of implementing novel perennial grain cropping systems to the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere remains elusive. In this research, comprehensive comparisons were made to enhance current understanding of how annual versus perennial grain cropping differ in soil organic matter (SOM) pools, GHGs emissions, and mycorrhizae (i.e., AMF). Five contrasting cropping systems --fallow, annual-grain, biennial-grain, perennial-grain, and perennial-forage -- were compared with and without N fertilizer addition. A randomized complete block design consisting of four replicates was initiated at sites located in Edmonton and Breton, Alberta, Canada. In addition to the replicate plots, two adjacent 4-ha fields, including annual vs. perennial grain crops, were set up for eddy covariance measurements at the Breton site. By doing so, it was expected that they address a limitation of the chamber measurements with respect to instantaneous and heterogeneous capture, as well as evapotranspiration (ET) comparison. As a result of SOC fractionation, perennial grain crops increased soil C concentration in both transitory and stable pools compared with annual grain compartments, although overall soil C sequestration occurred as a function of N fertilizer, cropping systems, and underlying soil texture. Moreover, substantial CH4 and CO2 uptake were observed in perennial grain cropping system compared with annual grain crops likely due to a shift to favorable GHGs sink conditions such as aeration-moisture balance, photosynthetic activity, and microbial decomposition. However, overall cumulative ET and associated ecosystem-water use efficiency were similar with between the two cropping systems. Lastly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community compositions between annual and perennial grain cropping systems exhibited no significant difference, likely due to the genetic similarity of two crops. In addition, the two contrasting study sites had different patterns of AMF alpha and beta diversity, which may be a result of differing inherent soil properties and management legacy effect across field sites. In sum, AMF communities appear to be impervious to annual vs perennial grain crops, rather their most pronounced difference are field site specific. In sum, my research has been conducted for an overall assessment of whether perennial grain crops play a multifunctional role in agroecosystems toward better sustainability.
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Ecosystems written by Klaus Lorenz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive book on basic processes of soil C dynamics and the underlying factors and causes which determine the technical and economic potential of soil C sequestration. The book provides information on the dynamics of both inorganic (lithogenic and pedogenic carbonates) and organic C (labile, intermediate and passive). It describes different types of agroecosystems, and lists questions at the end of each chapter to stimulate thinking and promote academic dialogue. Each chapter has a bibliography containing up-to-date references on the current research, and provides the state-of-the-knowledge while also identifying the knowledge gaps for future research. The critical need for restoring C stocks in world soils is discussed in terms of provisioning of essential ecosystem services (food security, carbon sequestration, water quality and renewability, and biodiversity). It is of interest to students, scientists, and policy makers.
Download or read book Soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon sequestration in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem written by Francisco Joaquín Morell Soler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration in a Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystem Effects of Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization written by Francisco Joaquín Morell Soler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics Along Gradients of Climate and Land use written by Alan Ronald Townsend and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Use Efficiency Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate written by Manoj Menon and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems written by Robert Jandl and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2011-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Carbon in Sensitive European Ecosystems - From Science to Land Management is a comprehensive overview of the latest research in this field drawn together by a network of scientists from across Europe. Soil carbon assessments are crucial at present to our understanding of the dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and our ability to assess implications for the global carbon exchange and its consequences on the future climate. This book focuses primarily on ecosystems and their soil carbon stocks. The book identifies three key sensitive ecosystems within Europe: Mediterranean Forest and Agricultural Systems; Mountains; and Peatland. Contributors include those currently working for the European research programme, COST Action 639 BurnOut (www.cost639.net; 2006-2010). COST Action 639 emerged from a demand from policy makers in Europe for more detailed information on soil carbon dynamics. The cooperation between experts for reporting and experts for soil dynamics is the focus of the book. This book seeks to provide an up-to-date account on the state-of-the-art research within this topical field.
Download or read book Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics written by Eric J. Roose and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most complete, nonpartisan source of information on this hot agronomic topic available today, this book brings together a diverse group of papers and data to resolve the debate between sedimentologists and soil scientists and agronomists over whether the effects of soil erosion on carbon and atmospheric CO2 is beneficial or destructive. Divided into four sections, it offers data on how soil erosion affects soil, water, and air quality. Topics include mineralization rate, inundation, sediment deposition, and global warming potential, as well as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions, and the implications of soil erosion on the global carbon cycle and carbon budget.
Download or read book The Role of Aggregate Dynamics in the Relationship Between Carbon Stabilization and Carbon Input Within Agroecosystems written by Angela Yin Yee Kong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics written by Iftekhar Uddin Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner Kutsch and published by . This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated view of the current and emerging methods and concepts applied in soil carbon research.
Download or read book Carbon Dynamics in Vegetation and Soils written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-24 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goals of CD-08 team in Phase I were to quantify the contributions of different components of the carbon cycle to overall ecosystem carbon balance in Amazonian tropical forests and to undertake process studies at a number of sites along the eastern LBA transect to understand how and why these fluxes vary with site, season, and year. We divided this work into a number of specific tasks: (1) determining the average rate (and variability) of tree growth over the past 3 decades; (2) determining age demographics of tree populations, using radiocarbon to determine tree age; (3) assessing the rate of production and decomposition of dead wood debris; (4) determining turnover rates for organic matter in soils and the mean age of C respired from soil using radiocarbon measurements; and (5) comparing our results with models and constructing models to predict the potential of tropical forests to function as sources or sinks of C. This report summarizes the considerable progress made towards our original goals, which have led to increased understanding of the potential for central Amazon forests to act as sources or sinks of carbon with altered productivity. The overall picture of tropical forest C dynamics emerging from our Phase I studies suggests that the fraction of gross primary production allocated to growth in these forests is only 25-30%, as opposed to the 50% assumed by many ecosystem models. Consequent slow tree growth rates mean greater mean tree age for a given diameter, as reflected in our measurements and models of tree age. Radiocarbon measurements in leaf and root litter suggest that carbon stays in living tree biomass for several years up to a decade before being added to soils, where decomposition is rapid. The time lags predicted from 14C, when coupled with climate variation on similar time scales, can lead to significant interannual variation in net ecosystem C exchange. Trumbore, Susan and Chambers, Jeffrey Q. and Camargo, Plinio and Martinelli, L
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Download or read book Improving the Understanding of Temperate Forest Carbon Dynamics written by Theresa Marie Meacham and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Carbon Cycle Modeling written by Yiqi Luo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; and doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support. This book strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision making. Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, for model evaluation and improvement Related Titles Isabel Ferrera, ed. Climate Change and the Oceanic Carbon Cycle: Variables and Consequences (ISBN 978-1-774-63669-5) Lal, R. et al., eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (ISBN 978-0-8493-7441-8) Windham-Myers, L., et al., eds. A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy (ISBN 978-0-367-89352-1)
Download or read book Modeling Carbon Dynamics in Agriculture and Forest Ecosystems Using the Process based Models DayCENT and CN CLASS written by Kuo-Hsien Chang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Agriculture A Sustainable Approach for Soil Health and Food Security written by Somasundaram Jayaraman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Feeding the increasing global population, which is projected to reach ~10 billion by 2050, there has been increasing demands for more improved/sustainable agricultural management practices that can be followed by farmers to improve productivity without jeopardizing the environment and ecosystem. Indeed, about 95% of our food directly or indirectly comes from soil. It is a precious resource, and sustainable soil management is a critical socio–economic and environmental issue. Maintaining the environmental sustainability while the world is facing resource degradation, increasing climate change and population explosion is the current challenge of every food production sectors. Thus, there is an urgent need to evolve a holistic approach such as conservation agriculture to sustain higher crop productivity in the country without deteriorating soil health. Conservation Agriculture (CA), is a sustainable approach to manage agro–ecosystems in order to improve productivity, increase farm profitabilty and food security and also enhance the resource base and environment. Worldwide, it has been reported various benefits and prospects in adopting CA technologies in different agro-climatic conditions. Yet, CA in arid and semi-arid regions of India and parts of south Asia raises uncertainities due to its extreme climates, large scale residue burning, soil erosion and other constraints such as low water holding capacity, high potential evapotranspiration, etc . Thus, the proposed book has 30 chapters addressing all issues relevant to conservation agriculture/no-till farming system. The book also gives further strengthening existing knowledge in relation to soil physical, chemical and biological processes and health within close proximity of CA as well as machinery requirements. Moreover, the information on carbon (C) sequestration, C credits, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, mitigation of climate change effects and socio-economic view on CA under diverse ecologies namely rainfed, irrigated and hill eco-region is also deliberated. For large scale adoption of CA practices in South Asian region especially in India and other countries need dissemination of best-bet CA technologies for dominant soil types/cropping systems through participatory mode, strong linkages and institutional mechanism and public-private-policy support. We hope this book gives a comprehensive and clear picture about conservation agriculture/no-till farming and its associated problem, challenges, prospects and benefits. This book shall be highly useful reference material to researchers, scientists, students, farmers and land managers for efficient and sustainable management of natural resources.
