Download or read book Can Africa Export Manufactures written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 1999 - Africa's poor performance in manufactured exports in the 1990s (relative to East Asia) appears to be largely the result of bad policies-especially policies that affect transaction costs. Elbadawi analyzes the determinants of manufactured exports in Africa and other developing countries, guided by three pivotal views on Sub-Saharan Africa's (Africa's) prospects in manufactured exports: Adrian Woods holds that Africa cannot have comparative advantage in exports of labor-intensive manufactures (even if broadly defined to include raw material processing) because its natural resources endowment is greater than its human resources endowment (endowment thesis); Paul Collier argues that, for most of Africa, unusually high (policy-induced) transaction costs are the main source of Africa's comparative disadvantage in manufactured exports (transaction thesis); A third approach (Elbadawi and Helleiner) emphasizes the importance of stable, competitive real exchange rates for profitability of exports in low-income countries (exchange rate-led strategy). Elbadawi tests the implications of these three views with an empirical model of manufactured export performance (manufactured exports' share of GDP), using a panel of 41 countries for 1980-95. His findings: Corroborate the predictions of the transaction thesis, in that transaction costs are major determinants of manufactures exports. Investing in reducing these costs generates the highest payoff for export capacity; Lend support for the exchange rate-led strategy. After controlling for other factors, ratios of natural resources per worker were not robustly associated with export performance across countries, but this cannot be taken as formal rejection of the endowment thesis - unless one is prepared to assume that manufactured exports' share of GDP was highly correlated with ratios of manufactured to aggregate (or primary) exports. But this is not unlikely. This paper-a product of Public Economics, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to research manufactures exports' competitiveness. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Download or read book Market Access Supplier Access and Africa s Manufactured Exports written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In a large cross-country sample of manufacturing establishments drawn from 188 cities, average exports per establishment are smaller for African firms than for businesses in other regions. The authors show that this is mainly because, on average, African firms face more adverse economic geography and operate in poorer institutional settings. Once they control for the quality of institutions and economic geography, what in effect is a negative African dummy disappears from the firm level exports equation they estimate. One part of the effect of geography operates through Africa's lower "foreign market access:" African firms are located further away from wealthier or denser potential export markets. A second occurs through the region's lower "supplier access:" African firms face steeper input prices, partly because of their physical distance from cheaper foreign suppliers, and partly because domestic substitutes for importable inputs are more expensive. Africa's poorer institutions reduce its manufactured exports directly, as well as indirectly, by lowering foreign market access and supplier access. Both geography and institutions influence average firm level exports significantly more through their effect on the number of exporters than through their impact on how much each exporter sells in foreign markets. "--World Bank web site.
Download or read book Development Centre Seminars Policies to Promote Competitiveness in Manufacturing in Sub Saharan Africa written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-07-06 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary commodities dominate African exports, yet these products are extremely vulnerable to variations in weather conditions, world demand and prices. If the continent is to obtain optimum benefit from the integration and opening of the world ...
Download or read book Can Africa Export Manufactures The Rol of Endowment Exchange Rates and Transaction Costs written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Made in Africa written by Carol Newman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2016-02-23 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why is there so little industry in Africa? Over the past forty years, industry has moved from the developed to the developing world, yet Africa’s share of global manufacturing has fallen from about 3 percent in 1970 to less than 2 percent in 2014. Industry is important to low-income countries. It is good for economic growth, job creation, and poverty reduction. Made in Africa: Learning to Compete in Industry outlines a new strategy to help African industry compete in global markets. This book draws on case studies and econometric and qualitative research from Africa and emerging Asia to understand what drives firm-level competitiveness in low-income countries. The results show that while traditional concerns such as infrastructure, skills, and the regulatory environment are important, they alone will not be sufficient for Africa to industrialize. The book also addresses how industrialization strategies will need to adapt to the region’s growing resource abundance.
Download or read book Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Africa written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-08-21 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Africa: An Empirical Analysis sheds light on the characteristics of formal and informal manufacturing firms in Africa by comparing these firms with firms in other regions. Drawing on two data sources, the authors find that there is a very low share of manufacturing in GDP in Africa and in African exports. Most African manufacturing firms are informal, perhaps because the enforcement of registration and licensing regulations is not strict. These firms are also smaller than firms in other regions and few export. Labor productivity is low in Africa relative to other regions, but this may be because of the more challenging environment—with the lack of physical infrastructure, the heavy burden of business regulation, and other issues. However, after accounting for these differences, the authors find that firms in Sub-Saharan Africa appear more, not less, productive than firms elsewhere. This analysis suggests that improving the business environment might allow firms to enhance their performance. However, given the pervasive distortions in the business environment and the limited resources at the disposal of most African countries, Africa cannot and should not wait until the business environment becomes healthier before growing a more viable manufacturing sector. Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Africa: An Empirical Analysis shows that binding constraints vary by country, by sector, and by firm size. Therefore, countries should identify the constraints in the most promising sectors and adopt policies designed specifically to remove these constraints. The evidence in this book overwhelmingly dispels the false notion of Africa’s inability to compete globally in manufacturing goods. This book will be of interest to economists, policy makers, and government officials working to improve manufacturing firm performance in Africa.
Download or read book The African Manufacturing Firm written by Ata Mazaheri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a useful source of greater understanding of African manufacturing firms and the perplexing lack of widespread industrial growth during the post-colonial decades.
Download or read book Policies to Promote Competitiveness in Manufacturing in Sub Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-08-14 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THIS WORK WAS PRODUCED FOLLOWING AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE JOINTLY ORGANISED BY THE INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND AND THE OECD DEVELOPMENT CENTRE IN JOHANNESBURG IN NOVEMBER 1998. IT IS PUBLISHED IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT CENTRE'S RESEARCH ON "EMERGING AFRICA" AND PRECEDES A VOLUME OF THAT TITLE, ALSO PUBLISHED IN 2001.
Download or read book Exporting Africa written by S. M. Wangwe and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic crisis which has hit Africa since 1985 is raising questions about Africa's future position in World Trade and whether it has any chance of developing a competitive industrial structure. Presenting studies of 55 exporting manufacturers in six African countries, this collection examines the question of why some firms in the Sub-Saharan economies have been able to develop export trade, despite generally unfavourable circumstances. In particular the papers seek to understand how these firms have been able to sustain their competitiveness in the face of rapid technological change in the international economy in the context of the threats and promises such change presents to Africa. A case is made for selective complementary investments by governments to build the technological capabilities which are necessary for attaining and maintaining competitiveness. The papers present empirical research and a framework which should be of interest to academics in the development field and to government as well as international policy makers.
Download or read book Manufacturing Africa written by Roger Riddell and published by James Currey. This book was released on 1990 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Why has Africa been so much less successful than Asia in exporting manufactured goods written by Daniel Nordmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Politik - Region: Afrika, University of Cape Town, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Sub-Saharan Africa is practically absent from the manufactured export scene and the “dynamics of export growth and its technological upgrading are completely bypassing the region” (Lall/Pietrobelli 2002: 25). While the East Asian emerging markets and recently China have been successful in the diversification of exports over the past decades, African(1) economies still remain almost totally dependent on their traditional export products. Their share of global manufactured exports is almost zero. Therefore it is “clear that Africa has suffered a chronic failure of economic growth [and export diversification]. The problem for analysis is to determine its causes.” (Collier/ Gunning 1999: 3-4) While some authors, as Wood and Mayer (2001), and Karshenas (2001), emphasize structural constraints limiting the process of structural transformation and export diversification - known as the resource-based thesis - other economists as Collier/Gunning (1999a), World Bank (2000), Lall/Pietrobelli (2002), Rodrik (1999) and Soludo (1998) explain Africa’s low share of manufactured exports and the lack of industrialization mainly as policy-induced. [...] 1 The terms “Africa” and “Sub-Saharan Africa” (henceforth SSA) refer in this paper to the Sub-Saharan African countries except South Africa.
Download or read book Light Manufacturing in Africa written by Hinh T. Dinh and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that light manufacturing can offer a viable solution for Sub-Saharan Africa, given potential competitiveness based on low wage costs and an abundance of natural resources that supply raw materials needed for industries.
Download or read book Sub Saharan Africa written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the impact on trade in sub-Saharan Africa of the recent rapid growth in China and other Asian countries, and the associated commodity price boom? This paper looks at how trading patterns (both destinations and composition) are changing in sub-Saharan Africa. Has the region managed to diversify the products it sells from commodities to manufactured goods? Has it expanded the range of countries to which it exports? And what about the import side? The time is ripe for sub-Saharan African countries to climb up the value chain of their commodity-based exports and/or achieve an export surge based on labor-intensive manufacturing.
Download or read book Africa Can Compete written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All 15 new independent states established in the economic space of the former Soviet Union suffered big declines in output and trade after gaining independence. This study summarizes cross-country experience on the role of trade and payments policies in the linked contraction of output and trade by drawing on eight country case studies: Estonia, the Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The results of the case studies show that trade reform and reorientation of trade toward the rest of the world have done much to arrest the decline in output usually associated with the transformation from plan to market. Also available in English: Stock no. 13615 (ISBN 0-8213-3615-0).
Download or read book Industries Without Smokestacks written by Richard S. Newfarmer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study prepared by the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)
Download or read book Trade and Industrial Development in Africa written by Moyo, Theresa and published by CODESRIA. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book revisits the perennial challenge that scholars, economists, and politicians have been grappling with since the 1960s. Development, in this book, has been defined in a context that projects it as a multidimensional and complex process which seeks to enhance the human, social, economic and cultural welfare of the people. This book calls for a rethinking of trade and industry for Africa's development. It uses data drawn from national development plans and strategies, and trade and industry issues have been prioritized at the continental level, in key policy documents. On the whole Africa's industry and trade performance have been poor in spite of national, regional, and continental plans. The contributors to this volume propose some alternative strategies and policies which are necessary for trade and industry to grow and to contribute to the well-being of Africa's people. It calls for a developmental trade and industry policy which, fundamentally, must be people-centred. African states should invest time, energy and resources to develop policies which will take into consideration African realities.The different contributors are aware that Africa has experienced strong economic growth in the recent past but this growth has largely been due to a strong demand for Africa's primary commodity exports. It has also been a result of increases in productivity and domestic investment and remittances from Africans living in the Diaspora. It is important to note that despite this unprecedented growth performance, the impact of trade and industry on development has been limited. The book argues that a structural transformation of Africa's economies is inevitable if Africa is to achieve the shift from the dominant paradigm of production and export of primary goods. The various contributors to this book agree that there is need to rethink policy and strategy in order to achieve industrial development in Africa. There is no unique solution or answer that can fit all situations as African countries are not the same. While Africa can draw lessons from other regions which have successfully industrialized, this book argues that policies and strategies will have to be adapted to country-specific situations and circumstances.
Download or read book Market Access Supplier Access and Africa s Manufactured Exports written by Ibrahim Elbadawi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a large cross-country sample of manufacturing establishments drawn from 188 cities, average exports per establishment are smaller for African firms than for businesses in other regions. The authors show that this is mainly because, on average, African firms face more adverse economic geography and operate in poorer institutional settings. Once they control for the quality of institutions and economic geography, what in effect is a negative African dummy disappears from the firm level exports equation they estimate. One part of the effect of geography operates through Africa's lower foreign market access: African firms are located further away from wealthier or denser potential export markets. A second occurs through the region's lower supplier access: African firms face steeper input prices, partly because of their physical distance from cheaper foreign suppliers, and partly because domestic substitutes for importable inputs are more expensive. Africa's poorer institutions reduce its manufactured exports directly, as well as indirectly, by lowering foreign market access and supplier access. Both geography and institutions influence average firm level exports significantly more through their effect on the number of exporters than through their impact on how much each exporter sells in foreign markets.
