Download or read book Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit Direct Loans and Loan Guarantees written by James M. Bickley and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government uses federal credit (direct loans and loan guarantees) to allocate financial capital to a range of areas, including home ownership, higher education, small business, agriculture, and energy. At the end of FY2011, outstanding federal credit totaled $2.9 trillion. This report explains the budgetary treatment of federal credit, examines proposed reforms, and describes relevant bills introduced in the 112th Congress. Title V of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508), the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990 or FCRA, changed how the unified budget reports the cost of federal credit activities (i.e., federal direct loans and loan guarantees) to an accrual basis beginning in 1992. Before FY1992, for a given fiscal year, the budgetary cost of a new direct loan or loan guarantee was the net cash flow for that fiscal year. This cash flow measure did not accurately reflect the cost of a loan or loan guarantee, which is its subsidy cost over the entire life of the loan or loan guarantee, that is, its accrual cost. Beginning with FY1992, FCRA required that the reported budgetary cost of a credit program equal the estimated subsidy costs at the time the credit is provided. The FCRA defines the subsidy cost as “the estimated long-term cost to the government of a direct loan or a loan guarantee, calculated on a net present value basis, excluding administrative costs.” This arguably places the cost of federal credit programs on a budgetary basis equivalent to other federal outlays. Because the subsidy costs of discretionary credit programs (such as the business loan programs of the Small Business Administration and the loan guarantee programs of the Export-Import Bank) are now provided through appropriations acts, this change meant that discretionary credit programs must compete with other discretionary programs on an equal basis. In contrast, funding for most mandatory credit programs (generally entitlement programs) is provided by permanent appropriations. The director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is responsible for coordinating the estimation of subsidy costs to the federal government. Since the passage of the FCRA, federal agencies, working with OMB, have steadily improved their compliance with credit reform standards. In October 1990, the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) was established. In August 1993, this board required that agencies' accounting procedures be consistent with their budgetary procedures for their federal credit programs. On August 5, 1997, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33) was enacted, amending the FCRA to make technical changes, including codifying several guidelines set by OMB. Four proposals to expand credit reform have been discussed: the principles of credit reform could be applied to government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs); the principles of credit reform could be extended to federal insurance programs; the budgetary cost of capital for credit programs could be changed to include market risk; and the administrative costs of credit programs could be included in the calculation of the costs of these programs. These proposals are described in this report. In the 112th Congress, four bills have been proposed with provisions concerning the budgetary treatment of federal credit: related bills S. 1651/H.R. 3414 (Honest Budget Act); H.R. 3581 (Budget and Accounting Transparency Act of 2011); and H.R. 3844 (Honest Budget Act of 2012). H.R. 3581 was passed by the House but has not been acted on by the Senate.

Download or read book Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit direct Loans and Loan Guarantees written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Credit written by Ethan A. Kelly and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. government uses federal credit (direct loans and loan guarantees) to allocate capital to a range of areas including home ownership, student loans, small business, agriculture, and energy. A direct loan is "a disbursement of funds by the government to a non-federal borrower under a contract that requires the repayment of such funds with or without interest." A loan guarantee is "a pledge with respect to the payment of all or part of the principal or interest on any debt obligation of a non-federal borrower to a non-federal lender." At the end of FY2011, outstanding federal direct loans totalled $838 billion and outstanding guaranteed loans totalled $2,017 billion. This book describes the concepts, budgetary treatment and reform proposals of federal credit.

Download or read book Report of the Temporary Subcommittee on Federal Credit to the Committee on the Budget United States Senate written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Budget. Temporary Subcommittee on Federal Credit and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Budget Treatment of Federal Credit Programs written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Federal Credit Programs and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Credit Reform written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Approaches to the Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit Assistance written by Marvin Phaup and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Credit Reform written by James M Bickley and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Federal Financing Bank and the Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit Activities written by John D. Shillingburg and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Credit Activity written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Federal Credit Programs written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget. Task Force on Budget Process and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Loan Guarantees written by United States. Congressional Budget Office and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Credit Reform written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hidden Spending written by Dennis S. Ippolito and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ippolito examines the least publicized source of our current fiscal troubles--federal credit programs. Since the 1970s these programs (primary components of the federal policy in such areas as housing, agriculture, education, and international affairs) have grown dramatically, but neither the growth nor their costs have been reflected in the budget. The true costs are not tangible and direct, but these programs can affect investment, economic growth, and productivity. Originally published 1984. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.

Download or read book New Approaches to the Budgetary Treatment of Federal Credit Assistance written by Marvin Phaup and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Federal Credit and Insurance written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Loan Guarantees and the Federal Financing Bank written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Economic Stabilization and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: