Download or read book Brazil the United States and the Missile Technology Control Regime written by Scott D. Tollefson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical report analyzes Brazil's development of ballistic missiles in light of U.S. pressures to stifle that development. The first section describes and critiques the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR); the second analyzes the U.S. application of MTCR guidelines toward Brazil; the third assesses Brazil's ballistic missile capabilities; and the fourth considers Brazil's response. The report concludes that the U.S. policy of restricting space and missile technology to Brazil under the MTCR has succeeded in stalling Brazil's missile program, but has also (1) further strained Brazilian security relations with the United States; (2) weakened U.S. influence over Brazil's rocket and missile programs; (3) strengthened Brazilian ties with European suppliers (especially France) of space and missile technology; (4) driven Brazil into closer technological cooperation with the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union; and (5) intensified Brazilian negotiations with Iraq and Libya. As Brazil moves away from the United States (its traditional supplier of space and missile technology), it is becoming relatively more autonomous and less vulnerable to U.S. restrictions on space and missile technology. The successful implementation of an internationalist development strategy by Brazil's new president, Fernando Collor de Mello, could provide the United States with an exceptional opportunity to improve relations with Brazil. The United States could possibly negotiate the easing of MTCR restrictions on space technology to Brazil without jeopardizing the goal of ballistic missile non-proliferation. Military publications; Periodicals; Reports. (eg).
Download or read book The Relationship Between Democracy and Nonproliferation written by Naval Postgraduate Naval Postgraduate School and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the relationship between democracy and membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a supply-side form of arms control. The book uses the focused comparison approach, investigating Brazil (a member ofthe MTCR) and the People's Republic of China (a non-member). Four independent variables are tested: democratic institutionalization; economic freedoms; norms, values, and beliefs; and elections. These are analyzed in each case and compared to the nation's decision to join the MTCR. The findings are that democracy, due to the effect of the independent variables, influenced and induced Brazil to join the MTCR; in contrast, the lack of democracy in China inhibits that country from joining. Brazil joined because of public desires for economic and material aid. These pressured the leadership to adhere, thus making the regime more effective. Therefore, the efforts to persuade China to join the MTCR might not succeed until it establishes democracy (including all four variables). This finding suggests that the U.S. National Security policy of "engagement and enlargement" is appropriate.
Download or read book The Relationship Between Democracy and Nonproliferation written by Jeffrey P. Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-01 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the relationship between democracy and membership in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a supply-side form of arms control. The thesis uses the focused comparison approach, investigating Brazil (a member of the MTCR) and the People's Republic of China (a non-member). Four independent variables are tested: democratic institutionalization; economic freedoms; norms, values, and beliefs; and elections. These are analyzed in each case and compared to the nation's decision to join the MTCR. The findings are that democracy, due to the effect of the independent variables, influenced and induced Brazil to join the MTCR; in contrast, the lack of democracy in China inhibits that country from joining. Brazil joined because of public desires for economic and material aid. These pressured the leadership to adhere, thus making the regime more effective. Therefore, the efforts to persuade China to join the MTCR might not succeed until it establishes democracy (including all four variables). This finding suggests that the U.S. National Security Policy of "engagement and enlargement" is a appropriate.
Download or read book U S Export Control Policy and the Missile Technology Control Regime written by Rachel Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of ballistic missiles poses a worldwide threat. The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) was created in 1987 to help control the spread of delivery system technology by means of parallel export restrictions among signatory member nations. However, many nations have declined to join the original group of seven signatories; the absence of China, the Soviet Union, and Israel substantially weakens the restraint of technology transfer. Other treaties and organizations overlap and supersede MTCR, resulting in conflict between members and other nations. In this already difficult context, formulation of coherent U.S. policy on export control is further hindered by domestic conflicts among government agencies. The State, Defense, and Commerce departments often disagree over definitions of civilian vs. military applications of technology, as well as over the diplomatic implications of sale or embargo of technology. MTCR is not effective because participation and compliance are voluntary, and there is not adequate common understanding of what constitutes delivery system technology.
Download or read book Missile Proliferation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security, and Science and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing Countries and Missile Proliferation written by Luís Antonio Bitencourt Emilio and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arms Trade and Nonproliferation written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Technology and National Security and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ballistic Missiles in the Third World written by W. Seth Carus and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1990-09-25 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proliferation of ballistic missiles in the Third World has posed a new type of challenge to policy makers in the United States. More than twenty Third World countries either possess surface-to-surface missiles or are trying to develop or acquire them. Current trends suggest that the number of countries with missiles will increase in the 1990s and that the capabilities of the available systems will also grow. W. Seth Carus assesses the threat of such proliferation to United States military forces as well as those of its allies operating in the Third World. The book studies the military utility of these missiles to the countries that possess them and covers the various military responses of Third World countries to missile proliferation. Carus also examines the various attempts the United States has made to slow the proliferation of ballistic missiles. Washington has joined many of its allies in the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), a suppliers agreement designed to restrict exports of missiles and missile technologies to the Third World. According to Carus, efforts have been made to persuade the Soviet Union, China and other countries to abide by the provisions of the MTCR. After discussing the bilateral talks with proliferating countries, Carus also analyzes the attempts made to derail specific missile programs and the difficulties involved in controlling missile technology.
Download or read book Brazil Insolvency Bankruptcy Laws and Regulations Handbook Strategic Information and Basic Laws written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brazil Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Practical Information and Opportunities written by IBP, Inc and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Opportunities
Download or read book The United States and Brazil written by Monica Hirst and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-07-08 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a succinct overview of the history of US-Brazilian relations over the past two decades. Monica Hirst considers economic relations between the two countries, presenting pertinent statistical information and detailing key economic policy disputes between the two governments (as well as the ongoing negotiations regarding a free trade agreement for the Americas). The book also looks at political issues such as military cooperation, nuclear energy, human rights and democracy, migration, the relative influence of both governments elsewhere in South America, relations in the context of multilateral organizations, drug trafficking, terrorism and the January 2003 transition from the Cardoso to the Lula presidency. It concludes with an essay that situates US-Brazilian relations in a broader analytical and comparative framework. The United States and Brazil will be of interest to students and scholars of economics, geography and politics and international relations in general.
Download or read book U S Government Controls on Sales to Iraq written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The International Missile Bazaar written by William C Potter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International experts examine transactions, capabilities, structures and norms influencing the complex network of trade in missile technologies.
Download or read book Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States written by United States. Congress. House and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House".
Download or read book Brazil written by Riordan Roett and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1999-10-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil, occupying nearly 50 percent of the South American continent, has the largest economy and is a major political power in Latin America. In this updated and expanded fifth edition of his text, Roett provides a thorough introduction to the dynamics shaping Brazilian politics, economics, and society, the difficult transition from military to civilian government in the 1980s, and the social issues facing Brazilian leaders as the country enters the 21st century. As Roett makes clear, despite years of economic growth and industrialization, by the late 1990s, Brazil still faces continued and growing challenges to its social cohesiveness and stability. Without greater attention to the basic needs of the Brazilian poor, the fabric of democracy in the New Republic faces formidable challenges. A thorough and engaging resource for all students and scholars of contemporary Latin America and, more specifically, Brazil.
Download or read book Nuclear Ambitions written by Leonard S. Spector and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the fifth in a series on the spread of nuclear weapons. Through these reports, the Endowment seeks to increase public awareness of the fact and the danger of nuclear proliferation and to stimulate greater attention to this vital issue by policy makers, the media, and the scholarly community.The series was initiated with the publication of N
Download or read book From Superpower to Besieged Global Power written by Edward A. Kolodziej and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2010-01-25 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume argue that the Bush Doctrine, as outlined in the September 2002 National Security Strategy of the United States, squandered enormous military and economic resources, diminished American power, and undermined America’s moral reputation as a defender of democratic values and human rights. The Bush Doctrine misguidedly assumed that the United States was a superpower, a unique unipolar power that could compel others to accede to its preferences for world order. In reality the United States is a formidable but besieged global power, one of a handful of nations that could influence but certainly not dictate world events. The flawed doctrine has led to failed policies that extend America’s reach beyond its grasp, most painfully evident in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Leading scholars and policy analysts from nine countries assess the impact of the Bush Doctrine on world order, explain how the United States reached its current low standing internationally, and propose ways that the country can repair the untold damage wrought by ill-conceived and incompetently executed security and foreign policies. Contributors focus on the principal regions of the world where they have expertise: Asia, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and Russia. The contributors agree that future security and foreign policies must be informed by the limitations of U.S. economic, cultural, and military power to shape world order to reflect American interests and values. American power and influence will increase only when the United States binds itself to moral norms, legal strictures, and political accords in cooperation with other like-minded states and peoples.
