Download or read book Brain and Behavioral Correlates of Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence written by Namita Padgaonkar and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internalizing symptoms and disorders - such as anxiety and depression - increase in adolescence (Meyer and Lee, 2019) and can interact with youth brain and behavioral development. As youth develop, changing biological and environmental factors necessitate developing novel skills, such as emotion regulation and reward-based learning strategies, while balancing new drives toward risk-taking. Given how complex and in-flux this period of life is, investigating the role of internalizing symptoms in a variety of adolescent behaviors is crucial for better understanding how to support youth through this dynamic developmental stage. The studies in this dissertation examine how internalizing symptoms relate to brain development - specifically, functional connectivity and activity associated with emotion regulation and reward learning - as well as risk-taking in the real world. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction to the research outlined in the following chapters. Chapter 2 describes research relating internalizing symptomatology in subclinical youth to amygdala-whole brain functional connectivity. Findings demonstrate that the relationship between internalizing symptoms and amygdala connectivity is stronger in girls than boys, and that youth generally demonstrate greater connectivity between the amygdala and regions associated with emotional processing as a function of greater internalizing symptoms. In Chapter 3, findings from the first study to investigate brain and behavioral differences in emotion regulation between youth with and without anxiety are presented. Youth with anxiety regulated their emotions to the same extent as non-anxious peers; however, regulation may have been especially effortful for youth with anxiety as they demonstrated stronger prefrontal cortex activation and connectivity with the amygdala during regulation. Research presented in Chapter 4 characterizes the relationship between anxiety severity and reward learning in a subclinical sample. While all youth were capable of learning stimulus-reward associations, youth with higher anxiety allocated value toward non-rewarding stimuli to a greater extent and showed a stronger relationship between brain activity and behavior; furthermore, within this group, those with the highest intolerance of uncertainty showed the least reward network activation when receiving rewards. Finally, Chapter 5 examines racial disparities in the juvenile justice system, as well as tracks the longitudinal change in internalizing symptoms alongside criminal offending. Black youth, and to a slightly lesser extent Latino youth, faced the greatest disparities through system processing. All youth demonstrated greater improvements in internalizing symptoms alongside decreased offending, showing the tight relationship between mental health and criminal offending. Taken together, results from this dissertation demonstrate the varied effects of internalizing symptoms on adolescent brain and behavioral development. As such, these studies present a multi-disciplinary look at the role of mental health in the lives of adolescents.
Download or read book Brain Networks and Developmental Heterogeneity of Depression Symptoms in Adolescence written by Rajpreet Chahal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a period of high risk for the onset of depression, a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Individual variation in symptoms, course, and severity has been shown to associate with underlying neurobiology and response to treatment. Adolescents with depression show altered functional and structural architecture of large-scale ‘networks’ (i.e., collections of brain regions that share patterns of activation and/or neuroanatomical pathways), however it is not clear how variation in the course of depression relates to neural network signatures. Examining the heterogeneity of depression course and network organization will facilitate progress in developing more effective approaches to assessment, prevention, and intervention for depression, and in identifying biomarkers of this disorder. This emerging person-centered approach to the identification, prevention, and treatment of psychopathology is referred to as ‘Precision Mental Health’. This dissertation seeks to advance understanding of the relation between brain networks and depression course heterogeneity by 1) examining individual differences in the progression of depressive symptoms across ten years of adolescence as they relate to later structural connectivity, and 2) examining variation in functional connectivity as it relates to internalizing problems throughout adolescence. In Paper 1, elevated depressive severity at the start of adolescence and increasing severity from age 10 to 19 was associated with greater structural connectivity within socio-affective processing regions at age 19. In Paper 2, biotypes, characterized by similarities in functional connectivity, were associated with internalizing problems throughout adolescence. Specifically, a Hyper-connected Ventromedial biotype, exhibiting greater functional connectivity between cognitive- and self-referential processing regions, showed higher internalizing problems throughout adolescence (i.e., prior to, concurrent with, and two years after neuroimaging was collected). These findings are the first to demonstrate that the course of depressive symptoms in adolescence are associated with distinctions in later structural connections, and that variations in functional connectivity patterns are predictive of future internalizing difficulties. This research furthers understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying depression symptoms in adolescence and identifies brain-behavior profiles that may be targeted for person-centered intervention in the Precision Mental Health of adolescents.
Download or read book The Promise of Adolescence written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescenceâ€"beginning with the onset of puberty and ending in the mid-20sâ€"is a critical period of development during which key areas of the brain mature and develop. These changes in brain structure, function, and connectivity mark adolescence as a period of opportunity to discover new vistas, to form relationships with peers and adults, and to explore one's developing identity. It is also a period of resilience that can ameliorate childhood setbacks and set the stage for a thriving trajectory over the life course. Because adolescents comprise nearly one-fourth of the entire U.S. population, the nation needs policies and practices that will better leverage these developmental opportunities to harness the promise of adolescenceâ€"rather than focusing myopically on containing its risks. This report examines the neurobiological and socio-behavioral science of adolescent development and outlines how this knowledge can be applied, both to promote adolescent well-being, resilience, and development, and to rectify structural barriers and inequalities in opportunity, enabling all adolescents to flourish.
Download or read book At the Threshold written by S. Shirley Feldman and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 662 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the findings of the Carnegie Foundation study on adolescence, an interdisciplinary synthesis of research into the biological, social, and psychological changes occurring during this key stage in the life span. Focuses on the contexts of adolescent life-- social and ethnic, family and school, leisure and work.
Download or read book Preventing Bullying Through Science Policy and Practice written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Download or read book Being Adolescent written by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 1986-10-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To find out what teenagers' lives are like, two psychologists gave beepers to seventy-five adolescents, signaled them at random, and asked them to record their thoughts and feelings as they sat in classrooms, socialized with friends, and ate dinner with their families. The result is a unique and detailed portrait of the day-to-day world of the average American teenager that offers valuable new insights for parents, psychologists, and educators.
Download or read book Fostering Healthy Mental Emotional and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) development is a critical foundation for a productive adulthood. Much is known about strategies to support families and communities in strengthening the MEB development of children and youth, by promoting healthy development and also by preventing and mitigating disorder, so that young people reach adulthood ready to thrive and contribute to society. Over the last decade, a growing body of research has significantly strengthened understanding of healthy MEB development and the factors that influence it, as well as how it can be fostered. Yet, the United States has not taken full advantage of this growing knowledge base. Ten years later, the nation still is not effectively mitigating risks for poor MEB health outcomes; these risks remain prevalent, and available data show no significant reductions in their prevalence. Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development in Children and Youth: A National Agenda examines the gap between current research and achievable national goals for the next ten years. This report identifies the complexities of childhood influences and highlights the need for a tailored approach when implementing new policies and practices. This report provides a framework for a cohesive, multidisciplinary national approach to improving MEB health.
Download or read book Brain Inflamed written by Kenneth Bock, MD and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-03-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From renowned integrative physician Kenneth Bock, M.D., comes a groundbreaking approach to understanding adolescent and teen mental health disorders. Over the past decade, the number of 12- to 17-year-olds suffering from mental health disorders has more than doubled. While adolescents and teens are notorious for mood swings and rebellion, parents today are navigating new terrain as their children are increasingly at risk of struggling with a mental health issue. But the question remains: What is causing this epidemic of illness? In Brain Inflamed, acclaimed integrative doctor Dr. Kenneth Bock shares a revolutionary new view of adolescent and teen mental health—one that suggests many of the mental disorders most common among this population (including depression, anxiety, and OCD) may share the same underlying mechanism: systemic inflammation. In this groundbreaking work, Dr. Bock explains the essential role of the immune system and the microbiome in mental health, detailing the ways in which imbalances in these systems—such as autoimmune conditions, thyroid disorders, or leaky gut syndrome—can generate neurological inflammation. While most conventional doctors assume that teens’ psychological struggles can be resolved only with therapy and psychotropic drugs, Dr. Bock’s approach considers the whole-body health of his patients. In his integrative evaluations, he often uncovers triggers such as gluten sensitivity, adrenal dysfunction, Lyme disease, and post-strep infections—all of which create imbalances in the body that can generate psychological symptoms. Filled with incredible stories from Dr. Bock’s more than thirty years as a practicing physician, Brain Inflamed explains the biological underpinnings of many common mental health issues, and empowers the parents and family members of struggling teens with practical advice—and perhaps most importantly, hope for a brighter future.
Download or read book Ebook Adolescence written by Steinberg and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2016-04-16 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ebook: Adolescence
Download or read book Origins of the Social Mind written by Bruce J. Ellis and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applying an evolutionary framework to advance the understanding of child development, this volume brings together leading figures to contribute chapters in their areas of expertise. Researcher- and student-friendly chapters adhere to a common format.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Play written by Anthony D. Pellegrini and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of play in human development has long been the subject of controversy. Despite being championed by many of the foremost scholars of the twentieth century, play has been dogged by underrepresentation and marginalization in literature across the scientific disciplines. The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Play marks the first attempt to examine the development of children's play through a rigorous and multidisciplinary approach. Comprising chapters from the foremost scholars in psychology, anthropology, and evolutionary biology, this handbook resets the landscape of developmental science and makes a compelling case for the benefits of play. Edited by respected play researcher Anthony D. Pellegrini, The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Play is both a scientific accomplishment and a shot across the bow for parents, educators, and policymakers regarding the importance of children's play in both development and learning.
Download or read book Emotion in the Mind and Body written by Maital Neta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the 66th volume in the prestigious Nebraska Series on Motivation, this book focuses on understanding emotion and motivation as two factors that not only influence social and cognitive processes, but also shape the way we navigate our social world. Research on emotion has increased significantly over the past two decades, pulling from scholarship in psychology, neuroscience, medicine, political science, sociology, and even computer science. This volume is informed by the growing momentum in the resulting interdisciplinary field of affective science, and examines the role of emotion and motivation in our perceptions, decision-making, and social interactions, and attempts to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that support these processes across the lifespan in both healthy and clinical populations. Included among the chapters: Emotion concept development from childhood to adulthood Evolving psychological and neural models for the regulation of emotion Pathways to motivational impairments in psychopathology A valuation systems perspective on motivation Reproducible, generalizable brain models of affective processes Emotion in the Mind and Body is a comprehensive and compelling rendering of the current state of the interdisciplinary field of affective science, and will be of interest to researchers and students working in psychology and neuroscience, as well as medicine, political science, and sociology.
Download or read book Brain Metabolic Crossroads in Severe Mental Disorders Focus on Metabolic Syndrome written by Virginio Salvi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-23 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Behavior Disorders in Adolescents written by Steven D. Sherrets and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Cognition and Developmental Psychopathology written by Carla Sharp and published by . This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social cognition refers to the capacity to think about others' thoughts, intentions, feelings, attitudes and perspectives. It has been shown that many children with psychiatric disorders have problems in social cognition. In this book, leaders in the fields of developmental psychopathology examine social cognition across a wide range of disorders.
Download or read book Emotion Regulation and Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents written by Cecilia Essau and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emotions are a cardinal component of everyday life, affecting one's ability to function in an adaptive manner and influencing both intrapersonal and interpersonal processes. This book brings together leading experts in the field to provide a guide to dealing with emotional problems in children and adolescents.
Download or read book Unequal City written by Carla Shedd and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chicago has long struggled with racial residential segregation, high rates of poverty, and deepening class stratification, and it can be a challenging place for adolescents to grow up. Unequal City examines the ways in which Chicago’s most vulnerable residents navigate their neighborhoods, life opportunities, and encounters with the law. In this pioneering analysis of the intersection of race, place, and opportunity, sociologist and criminal justice expert Carla Shedd illuminates how schools either reinforce or ameliorate the social inequalities that shape the worlds of these adolescents. Shedd draws from an array of data and in-depth interviews with Chicago youth to offer new insight into this understudied group. Focusing on four public high schools with differing student bodies, Shedd reveals how the predominantly low-income African American students at one school encounter obstacles their more affluent, white counterparts on the other side of the city do not face. Teens often travel long distances to attend school which, due to Chicago’s segregated and highly unequal neighborhoods, can involve crossing class, race, and gang lines. As Shedd explains, the disadvantaged teens who traverse these boundaries daily develop a keen “perception of injustice,” or the recognition that their economic and educational opportunities are restricted by their place in the social hierarchy. Adolescents’ worldviews are also influenced by encounters with law enforcement while traveling to school and during school hours. Shedd tracks the rise of metal detectors, surveillance cameras, and pat-downs at certain Chicago schools. Along with police procedures like stop-and-frisk, these prison-like practices lead to distrust of authority and feelings of powerlessness among the adolescents who experience mistreatment either firsthand or vicariously. Shedd finds that the racial composition of the student body profoundly shapes students’ perceptions of injustice. The more diverse a school is, the more likely its students of color will recognize whether they are subject to discriminatory treatment. By contrast, African American and Hispanic youth whose schools and neighborhoods are both highly segregated and highly policed are less likely to understand their individual and group disadvantage due to their lack of exposure to youth of differing backgrounds.
