Download or read book Origin and Spread of Domestication and Farming written by Premendra Priyadarshi and published by Notion Press. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: They migrated not only with the language they spoke and their DNAs but also with their cows, bulls and buffaloes. With them went their dogs, chicken and goats. They carried with them the seeds of barley and rice and wheat. And the mice and shrews followed them. They spread the pottery and the figurines, the art and culture of India to Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Jordan and Israel and further west. This is the story of out-of-India migration of the farmers between 8000 BCE to 1500 BCE from Mehrgarh and the later Harappa Civilization located in the Indus-Sarasvati Valley of Northwest India, from Vindhya region, and the Ganga Valley in Central India and from the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam. Based on archaeological records of not only India, but also China, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Levant, and the genetic studies of man, animals and plants, both modern and ancient. A book for everyone interested in authentic evidence-based prehistory of India and her contributions to Asia, Europe and Africa during the Neolithic, Copper Age and Bronze Age. Appropriate citations and detailed bibliography, as well as a subject index, have been provided. The book lays to rest the speculative type of prehistory of India and the Aryan Invasion hypothesis.
Download or read book A Companion to Ancient Agriculture written by David Hollander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book-length overview of agricultural development in the ancient world A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is an authoritative overview of the history and development of agriculture in the ancient world. Focusing primarily on the Near East and Mediterranean regions, this unique text explores the cultivation of the soil and rearing of animals through centuries of human civilization—from the Neolithic beginnings of agriculture to Late Antiquity. Chapters written by the leading scholars in their fields present a multidisciplinary examination of the agricultural methods and influences that have enabled humans to survive and prosper. Consisting of thirty-one chapters, the Companion presents essays on a range of topics that include economic-political, anthropological, zooarchaeological, ethnobotanical, and archaeobotanical investigation of ancient agriculture. Chronologically-organized chapters offer in-depth discussions of agriculture in Bronze Age Egypt and Mesopotamia, Hellenistic Greece and Imperial Rome, Iran and Central Asia, and other regions. Sections on comparative agricultural history discuss agriculture in the Indian subcontinent and prehistoric China while an insightful concluding section helps readers understand ancient agriculture from a modern perspective. Fills the need for a full-length biophysical and social overview of ancient agriculture Provides clear accounts of the current state of research written by experts in their respective areas Places ancient Mediterranean agriculture in conversation with contemporary practice in Eastern and Southern Asia Includes coverage of analysis of stable isotopes in ancient agricultural cultivation Offers plentiful illustrations, references, case studies, and further reading suggestions A Companion to Ancient Agriculture is a much-needed resource for advanced students, instructors, scholars, and researchers in fields such as agricultural history, ancient economics, and in broader disciplines including classics, archaeology, and ancient history.
Download or read book The Origins of Agriculture in the Ancient Near East written by Shahal Abbo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-24 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid and knowledge-based agricultural origins and plant domestication in the Neolithic Near East gave rise to Western civilizations.
Download or read book Evolutionary Studies in World Crops written by Sir Joseph Burtt Hutchinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1974-04-25 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the evolution and principles involved in breeding crops grown in the tropics. This book developed from a symposium held in New Delhi in 1970 at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. It begins with a consideration of the history of agriculture. Recent techniques make is possible to set crop plant evolution against the time scale of agricultural development, enabling the rate of evolution to be determined with some precision. Throughout the account the studies stress the range of material and changes and improvements in crops, with special reference to their importance not only in the tropics, but also to world agriculture. This book brings to the notice of geneticists and breeders in western countries the work undertaken in India in elucidating the evolution and recent improvement of crop plants of world wide importance. It is also an authoritative account for students of plant breeding in the tropics taking courses in universities, in institutes and colleges of agriculture who need to have within the covers of one book a comprehensive, yet concise text that clearly sets out the principles involved in the breeding of crops grown in the tropics.
Download or read book Human Evolution Beyond Biology and Culture written by Jeroen C. J. M. van den Bergh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete account of evolutionary thought in the social, environmental and policy sciences, creating bridges with biology.
Download or read book Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia written by David R. Harris and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Origins of Agriculture in Western Central Asia, archaeologist David R. Harris addresses questions of when, how, and why agriculture and settled village life began east of the Caspian Sea. The book describes and assesses evidence from archaeological investigations in Turkmenistan and adjacent parts of Iran, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan in relation to present and past environmental conditions and genetic and archaeological data on the ancestry of the crops and domestic animals of the Neolithic period. It includes accounts of previous research on the prehistoric archaeology of the region and reports the results of a recent environmental-archaeological project undertaken by British, Russian, and Turkmen archaeologists in Turkmenistan, principally at the early Neolithic site of Jeitun (Djeitun) on the southern edge of the Karakum desert. This project has demonstrated unequivocally that agropastoralists who cultivated barley and wheat, raised goats and sheep, hunted wild animals, made stone tools and pottery, and lived in small mudbrick settlements were present in southern Turkmenistan by 7,000 years ago (c. 6,000 BCE calibrated), where they came into contact with hunter-gatherers of the "Keltiminar Culture." It is possible that barley and goats were domesticated locally, but the available archaeological and genetic evidence leads to the conclusion that all or most of the elements of the Neolithic "Jeitun Culture" spread to the region from farther west by a process of demic or cultural diffusion that broadly parallels the spread of Neolithic agropastoralism from southwest Asia into Europe. By synthesizing for the first time what is currently known about the origins of agriculture in a large part of Central Asia, between the more fully investigated regions of southwest Asia and China, this book makes a unique contribution to the worldwide literature on transitions from hunting and gathering to agriculture.
Download or read book The Emergence of Agriculture written by Peter White and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, the first in the One World Archaeology series, is a compendium of key papers by leaders in the field of the emergence of agriculture in different parts of the world. Each is supplemented by a review of developments in the field since its publication. Contributions cover the better known regions of early and independent agricultural development, such as Southwest Asia and the Americas, as well as lesser known locales, such as Africa and New Guinea. Other contributions examine the dispersal of agricultural practices into a region, such as India and Japan, and how introduced crops became incorporated into pre-existing forms of food production. This reader is intended for students of the archaeology of agriculture, and will also prove a valuable and handy resource for scholars and researchers in the area.
Download or read book Domestication of Plants in the Old World written by Daniel Zohary and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1988 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this definitive volume, the authors review the origin and subsequent spread of the plants on which Old World food production was founded. Their account is based on the detailed consideration of the plant remains found at archaeological sites and accumulated knowledge about the present-day wild relatives of cultivated plants.
Download or read book Domestication of Plants in the Old World written by Daniel Zohary and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cereals; 4.
Download or read book The Cambridge World History Volume 2 A World with Agriculture 12 000 BCE 500 CE written by Graeme Barker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of agriculture has often been described as the most important change in all of human history. Volume 2 of the Cambridge World History series explores the origins and impact of agriculture and agricultural communities, and also discusses issues associated with pastoralism and hunter-fisher-gatherer economies. To capture the patterns of this key change across the globe, the volume uses an expanded timeframe from 12,000 BCE–500 CE, beginning with the Neolithic and continuing into later periods. Scholars from a range of disciplines, including archaeology, historical linguistics, biology, anthropology, and history, trace common developments in the more complex social structures and cultural forms that agriculture enabled, such as sedentary villages and more elaborate foodways, and then present a series of regional overviews accompanied by detailed case studies from many different parts of the world, including Southwest Asia, South Asia, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and the Pacific, sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Europe.
Download or read book A History of World Agriculture written by Marcel Mazoyer and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Only once we understand the long history of human efforts to draw sustenance from the land can we grasp the nature of the crisis that faces humankind today, as hundreds of millions of people are faced with famine or flight from the land. From Neolithic times through the earliest civilizations of the ancient Near East, in savannahs, river valleys and the terraces created by the Incas in the Andean mountains, an increasing range of agricultural techniques have developed in response to very different conditions. These developments are recounted in this book, with detailed attention to the ways in which plants, animals, soil, climate, and society have interacted. Mazoyer and Roudart’s A History of World Agriculture is a path-breaking and panoramic work, beginning with the emergence of agriculture after thousands of years in which human societies had depended on hunting and gathering, showing how agricultural techniques developed in the different regions of the world, and how this extraordinary wealth of knowledge, tradition and natural variety is endangered today by global capitialism, as it forces the unequal agrarian heritages of the world to conform to the norms of profit. During the twentieth century, mechanization, motorization and specialization have brought to a halt the pattern of cultural and environmental responses that characterized the global history of agriculture until then. Today a small number of corporations have the capacity to impose the farming methods on the planet that they find most profitable. Mazoyer and Roudart propose an alternative global strategy that can safegaurd the economies of the poor countries, reinvigorate the global economy, and create a livable future for mankind.
Download or read book The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals written by G. W. Dimbleby and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestication of plants and animals was one of the greatest steps forward taken by mankind. Although it was first achieved long ago, we still need to know what led to it and how, and even when, it took place. Only when we have this understanding will we be able to appreciate fully the important social and economic consequences of this step. Even more important, an understanding of this achievement is basic to any insight into modern man's relationship to his habitat. In the last decade or two a change in methods of investigating these events has taken place, due to the mutual realization by archaeologists and natural scientists that each held part of the key and neither alone had the whole. Inevitably, perhaps, the floodgate that was opened has resulted in a spate of new knowledge, which is scattered in the form of specialist reports in diverse journals. This volume results from presentations at the Institute of Archaeology, London University, discussing the domestication and exploitation of plants and animals. Workers in the archaeological, anthropological, and biological fields attempted to bridge the gap between their respective disciplines through personal contact and discussion. Modern techniques and the result of their application to the classical problems of domestication, selection, and spread of cereals and of cattle were discussed, but so were comparable problems in plants and animals not previously considered in this context. Although there were differing opinions on taxonomic classification, the editors have standardized and simplified the usage throughout this book. In particular, they have omitted references to authorities and adopted the binomial classification for both botanical and zoological names. They followed this procedure in all cases except where sub-specific differences are discussed and also standardized orthography of sites.
Download or read book The Cultural Landscape written by James M. Rubenstein and published by . This book was released on 1998-09 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 50 Years of Green Revolution written by M. S. Swaminathan and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The green revolution in India about 50 years ago transformed India's image then as begging bowl to bread basket. This transformation during the 1960s took just about 4 years. The yield increases achieved in wheat and then in rice which occurred in just about half decade is far in excess of the yield increases during the preceding 4000 years. This remarkable feat was achieved with the leadership of the author using the dwarf wheat types which had been produced by Norman Borlaug in Mexico. The research and development of green revolution of wheat and rice at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi was led by the author along with his team of students and co-workers. He has published over 100 papers on green revolution and the ever-green revolution which is a refinement of the former. This book is a compilation of just about 40 of his numerous research papers, monographs and books published by him on this subject. The papers in this book bring out the scientific basis of the modification of the plant type so as to be responsive to exogenous addition of chemical fertilizers and irrigation. The ideal plant type enables capture of adequate sunlight and using the chemical fertilizers added to the soil, produce substantial photosynthetic starch. And because the plants have short and thick culm, they are able to withstand enormous amounts of grains in their ears. This indeed was the basis of breaking the yield barriers associated with native varieties. The book also brings out that green revolution had established the food security at the national level but not at the individual household levels of millions of resource-poor rural small and marginal farming, fishing and landless families. Further green revolution was commodity-centric and the manner of its practice led to environmental degradation and social inequities. This author realized as early as 1972 that system of agriculture in India should be designed to fight both the famines of food and rural livelihoods. In pursuit of it, this author further designed an evergreen revolution with systems approach. What this means is providing concurrent attention to ecological foundations of agriculture and the livelihoods of the rural people. The book also brings out that green revolution was a team effort involving scientists, policy makers, administrators, farmers and students. This book is an outstanding example of green revolution providing a breathing space by putting the cereal grain production rate ahead of the population growth rate and then when food security has been adequately established, the system is changed to achieve productivity in perpetuity without causing environmental and social harm.
Download or read book TREES AND WOODLANDS OF SOUTH INDIA written by Eleni Asouti and published by Left Coast Press. This book was released on 2008-07-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume introduces the ecological history of woodland vegetation in South India. It incorporates a critical overview of the theories of ecological on the subcontinent while detailing the history of long-term changes in the tree and shrub vegetation of the Indian peninsula that have resulted from climate change and the impact of human activities on the landscape. The volume also demonstrates the potential of microscopic analysis of archaeological wood charcoal remains for the purpose of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Included in the volume is a practical guide for the microscopic identification of the principal timber species of South India, accompanied by detailed information on the synecology and autecology of native trees and shrubs, and ethnographic evidence on their diverse uses and properties. An accompanying CD-ROM contains the complete identification guide and many full color illustrations of South Asian trees and shrubs to facilitate analysis.
Download or read book Global Tea Breeding written by Liang Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Tea Breeding: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives provides a global review on biodiversity and biotechnology issues in tea breeding and selection. The contributions are written by experts from China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Turkey, Indonesia, Japan, Bangladesh, Korea, Nigeria, and etc., which countries amount to 90% of the world tea production. This book focuses on the germplasm, breeding and selection of tea cultivars for the production of black, green and Oolong teas from the tea plant, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. It can benefit the tea breeders in the global tea industry, as well as the breeders of other woody cash crops like coffee and other sub-tropical fruit trees. Liang Chen is a Professor and Associate Director at National Center for Tea Improvement, Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (TRICAAS), Hangzhou, China. Zeno Apostolides is a Professor at the Department of Biochemistry, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Zong-Mao Chen is the Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a Professor at the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
Download or read book The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia written by David R. Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1996 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Provides A Continental-Scale Framework, And It Includes Pastoralism Because In Eurasia Both The Raising Of Livestock And The Cultivation Of Crops Were Integral Components Of The Agricultural Revolution From Its Inception Some 10,000 Years Ago. 5 Parts - Thematic Perspectives -Southwest Asia - Europe - Central Asia To The Pacific - Conclusion. Condition Good.
