Download or read book Beatrix ii tritium recovery system tritium recovery module test report written by J. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment being carried out in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of fusion solid breeder materials. A sophisticated tritium gas handling system has been developed to continuously monitor the tritium recovery from the specimens and facilitate tritium removal from the experiment's sweep gas flow stream. The in-situ recovery experiment accommodates two different in-reactor specimen canisters with individual gas streams and temperature monitoring/control. Ionization chambers have been specifically designed to respond to the rapid changes in the tritium release rate at the anticipated tritium concentrations. Two ceramic electrolysis cells have proved effective in reducing the moisture in the gas streams to hydrogen/tritium. A tritium getter system, capable of reducing the tritium level by a factor greater than 4000, is used to reduce the tritium in the sweep gas to a level acceptable for release.
Download or read book Operation manual beatrix ii tritium recovery system written by J. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II was an in-situ tritium recovery experiment in a fast reactor to characterize the irradiation behavior of fusion ceramic breeder materials. Correcting and compiling the in-situ tritium recovery data involved correcting the ion chamber response for the effect of sweep gas composition or amount of hydrogen in the helium sweep gas and for the buildup of background. The effect of sweep gas composition was addressed in the previous workshop. During the operation of Phase I of the experiment the backgrounds of the ion chambers were found to reach significant levels relative to the tritium recovery concentrations in the sweep gas from the specimen canisters. The measured tritium concentrations were corrected for background by comparing the tritium recovery rate during reference conditions with the predicted tritium generation rate. Background increases were found to be associated with tritium recovery peaks and elevated levels of moisture in the sweep gas. These conditions typically occurred when the hydrogen concentration in the sweep gas was increased to 0.1% after extended operation in He or He-0.01% H2. Three examples of this increase in ionization chamber background are described. The final corrected BEATRIX-II, Phase I tritium recovery data provide a valuable resource to be used for predicting the performance of Li2O in a fusion blanket application.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in situ tritium recovery experiment is being fabricated for the irradiation of Li/sub 2/O in the Fast Flux Test Facility located at the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington, United States of America. Two in situ tritium recovery canisters will be irradiated with lithium atom burnups to 4%. One canister will provide fundamental data on tritium release as a function of temperature, gas composition, and flow rate. The other canister will provide integrated performance data from solid pellet specimens with large (450/degree/C) radial temperature gradients. 10 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-2 irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment to evaluate the stability and tritium release characteristics of Li2O under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. A thin-annular ring specimen capable of temperature changes was irradiated in Phase 1 of the experiment to a lithium burnup of 4%. The primary emphasis of the test plan was to determine the effect and interrelationship of gas composition and temperature on the tritium recovery from Li2O. Temperature changes in the range from 500 to 650°C resulted in a decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature and series of specific temperature changes were carried out at intervals throughout the experiment to characterize the effect of burnup. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas resulted in an increase in the tritium inventory in the Li2O specimen. The tritium recovery during startup and shutdown was observed to be strongly influenced by the composition of the sweep gas.
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II experiment in FFTF is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature transients and a larger temperature gradient specimen. During the first 85 days of the operating cycle of the reactor, the tritium recovery rate of a temperature transient capsule was examined as a function of temperature, gas flow rate, gas composition and burnup. Temperature changes in the range from 525 to 625°C resulted in decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature. Lower gas flow rates resulted in slightly lower tritium release rates while gas composition changes affected the tritium release rate significantly, more than either flow rate or temperature changes. Three different sweep gases were used: He with 0.1% H2, He with 0.01% H2, and pure He. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas decreased the steady-state release rate by as much as a factor of two. A temperature gradient capsule is more prototypic of the conditions expected in a fusion blanket and was designed to provide data that can be used in evaluating the operational parameters of a solid breeder in a blanket environment. The operation of this canister during the first 85 EFPD cycle suggests that Li2O is a viable solid breeder material. 9 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Download or read book In Situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and to characterize its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This is an IEA sponsored experiment which is being carried out in the Materials Open Test Assembly of FFTF. The participants are Japan, Canada and the US. The in-situ tritium recovery experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature changes and a larger temperature-gradient specimen. Two other papers have been presented this week at ICFRM-5 which dealt with the results to date. At this workshop I will discuss the effects of gas composition changes that have been observed in BEATRIX-II, Phase 1 and the implications that these observations have on the operation of ion chambers.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment was an in situ, fast neutron, tritium release experiment to evaluate the performance of ceramic fusion solid breeders at extended burnups. The experiment consisted of two sequential irradiations: Phase I for 300 EFPD and Phase II for 200 EFPD that resulted in lithium burnups from 4[endash]6%. Thin-walled Li[sub 2]O ring specimens capable of temperature changes were irradiated in both Phase I and Phase II. Temperature changes were also used to determine the tritium inventory and to characterize the effect or irradiation history and sweep gas composition. Solid-cylindrical temperature-gradient specimens were irradiated to characterize their stability with respect to heat transport, lithium transport and physical integrity over the duration of the experiment. Phase I included a solid monolithic specimen of Li[sub 2]O while Phase II included a sphere bed of Li[sub 2]ZrO[sub 3].
Download or read book TRIO 01 Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The TRIO-01 experiment is a test of in-situ tritium recovery from .gamma.-LiAlO2 with test conditions chosen to simulate those anticipated in fusion power reactors. A status report is presented which describes qualitatively the results observed during the irradiation phase of the experiment. Both the rate of tritium release and the chemical forms of tritium were measured using a helium sweep gas which flowed past the breeder material to a gas analysis system.
Download or read book In Situ Tritium Recovery from Li2O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and to characterize its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This is an IEA sponsored experiment which is being carried out in the Materials Open Test Assembly of FFTF. The participants are Japan, Canada and the US. The in-situ tritium recovery experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature changes and a larger temperature-gradient specimen. Two other papers have been presented this week at ICFRM-5 which dealt with the results to date. At this workshop I will discuss the effects of gas composition changes that have been observed in BEATRIX-II, Phase 1 and the implications that these observations have on the operation of ion chambers.
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li2O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-2 irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment to evaluate the stability and tritium release characteristics of Li2O under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. A thin-annular ring specimen capable of temperature changes was irradiated in Phase 1 of the experiment to a lithium burnup of 4%. The primary emphasis of the test plan was to determine the effect and interrelationship of gas composition and temperature on the tritium recovery from Li2O. Temperature changes in the range from 500 to 650°C resulted in a decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature and series of specific temperature changes were carried out at intervals throughout the experiment to characterize the effect of burnup. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas resulted in an increase in the tritium inventory in the Li2O specimen. The tritium recovery during startup and shutdown was observed to be strongly influenced by the composition of the sweep gas.
Download or read book In Situ Tritium Recovery from Li2O Irradiated in a Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II, Phase II was an in situ tritium recovery experiment designed to characterize the behavior of lithium ceramics irradiated to high burnup in a fast neutron flux. A thin-walled Li2O ring specimen was irradiated at temperatures in the range from 520 to 640 C in helium sweep gases containing 0, 0.01 and 0.1% H2 to a 5% lithium burnup. The tritium recovery behavior of Li2O was characterized by using temperature transients and sweep gas composition changes to effect changes in the tritium inventory.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II is an IEA program focused on tritium recovery experiments on lithium ceramic materials in a fast neutron reactor which partially simulates the environment of a fusion blanket. In addition to data on the performance of Li2O and Li2ZrO3, the BEATRIX-II program offers information on innovative technologies associated with tritium recovery. The successful execution of the BEATRIX-II program also offers a precedent for the structure, schedule and interfaces that other international programs should consider. Japan, Canada, and USA re participants in the BEATRIX-II program with primary responsibilities being assigned to Japan Atomic Research Institute, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory, and Westinghouse Hanford Company. The purpose of the BEATRIX-II experiment is to conduct in situ tritium recovery experiments on ceramic solid breeder materials under irradiation conditions which expanded the burnup, irradiation damage, tritium production, and temperature regimes previously investigated. A liquid metal, fast neutron reactor was selected because spatial variations in tritium and heat production are minimized and temporal variations in the lithium burnup rate (burnout) are also minimal. The Fast Flux Test Facility was selected because it possessed a high neutron flux, excellent control and monitoring capabilities and ready access for a tritium recovery experiment.
Download or read book BEATRIX II Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the BEATRIX-II experiment is to design, conduct, and evaluate a Collaborative, in-situ tritium-recovery experiment in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). Continuous monitoring of candidate solid breeder material's performance with respect to thermal conductivity, temperature stability, and tritium release is to be accomplished up to extended lithium burnup levels under simulated blanket environments. 6 refs., 21 figs., 10 tabs.
Download or read book In Situ Tritium from Li2O and Li2ZrO3 Irradiated in a Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II was an in situ tritium recovery experiment. This in situ tritium recovery experiment provided data on the performance of Li2O and Li2ZrO3 under irradiation conditions covering a range of sweep gas compositions and temperatures. The experiment consisted of two separate irradiation cycles which in turn included two vented tritium recovery canisters each. Phase 1 operated for 300 Effective Full Power Days (EFPD) while Phase 2 operated for 203 EFPD of irradiation. The tritium recovery behavior of Li2O and Li2ZrO3 was characterized using temperature transients, sweep gas composition changes and reactor power changes to effect changes in the tritium inventory. The high neutron flux level in FFTF resulted in high tritium generation rates which combined with a responsive tritium measurement system allowed detailed observations on the tritium recovery behavior of Li2O and Li2ZrO3. During the course of the experiment a number of observations were made which did not appear consistent with a simplified view of the tritium recovery behavior of these materials. These observations included small negative tritium recovery peaks preceding the typical primary positive peaks; and, for specific temperature ranges, changes in tritium inventory which where opposite to the characteristic expected changes.
Download or read book Postirradiation Examination of BEATRIX II Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II is an in situ tritium recovery experiment that was designed to characterize the behavior of lithium ceramics irradiated to high burnup in a fast neutron flux. Postirradiation examination was carried out on the Phase 1 vented canisters: one containing a Li2O ring capable of temperature changes and the other a Li2O solid specimen with a center temperature of 1,000°C. The tritium inventory of the ring specimen at 650°C was determined to be in the range from 0.2--0.6 wppm while for the solid specimen the inventory varied from 1.4 wppm at the surface to 0.06 wppm at the inner surface. Downstream transport of the Li2O by the sweep gas was determined to be insignificant from analyses of acid rinses of selected canister surfaces. Densification and restructuring of the solid specimen during irradiation resulted in the development of a central annulus. Ceramography was used to characterize the columnar grain structure and the mechanisms involved in its evolution.
