Download or read book Automated Generation of Virtual Scenarios in Driving Simulator from Highway Design Data written by Zhao, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Factors Design of Automated Highway Systems First Generation Scenarios Final Report written by H. S. Tsao and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of an Open source Driving Simulator to Evaluate Driver Behavior in Autonomous Environments written by Prashant Arora and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis is to develop an open-source highway driving simulator setup that allows different levels of autonomy in traffic, exposure to different traffic situations, and enables different simulated driver responses in terms of longitudinal and lateral vehicle control. This thesis is particularly motivated by the recent FHWA interest in the study of human factors while driving in autonomous environments on highways. Technological advancements like Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) aim to reduce traffic congestion by providing different levels of autonomy to the driver. However, the drivers acceptance of these technologies has not been quantified yet and needs further investigation. Driving simulators have gained more attention in the past few years being one of the only tools available to safely test human responses to advanced driving automation or driving-assist situations. Recent advancements in driving simulation technology allow scenario authoring to create dynamic situations, allow multiple simulations to be connected to each other, and provide the ability to connect hardware to simulations to enable hardware-in-the-loop driving evaluations using simulators. Using this modern technology, mixed traffic environments are modeled to enable the assessment of driver behavior in autonomous environments and to understand the need and type of information to be conveyed. The virtual platform is designed to be visually and geometrically realistic using AASHTO highway design guidelines. Traffic simulations are scripted in the scenarios allowing mixed autonomous environment with manual, ACC and CACC vehicles.

Download or read book Distributed Moving Base Driving Simulators written by Anders Andersson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of new functionality and smart systems for different types of vehicles is accelerating with the advent of new emerging technologies such as connected and autonomous vehicles. To ensure that these new systems and functions work as intended, flexible and credible evaluation tools are necessary. One example of this type of tool is a driving simulator, which can be used for testing new and existing vehicle concepts and driver support systems. When a driver in a driving simulator operates it in the same way as they would in actual traffic, you get a realistic evaluation of what you want to investigate. Two advantages of a driving simulator are (1.) that you can repeat the same situation several times over a short period of time, and (2.) you can study driver reactions during dangerous situations that could result in serious injuries if they occurred in the real world. An important component of a driving simulator is the vehicle model, i.e., the model that describes how the vehicle reacts to its surroundings and driver inputs. To increase the simulator realism or the computational performance, it is possible to divide the vehicle model into subsystems that run on different computers that are connected in a network. A subsystem can also be replaced with hardware using so-called hardware-in-the-loop simulation, and can then be connected to the rest of the vehicle model using a specified interface. The technique of dividing a model into smaller subsystems running on separate nodes that communicate through a network is called distributed simulation. This thesis investigates if and how a distributed simulator design might facilitate the maintenance and new development required for a driving simulator to be able to keep up with the increasing pace of vehicle development. For this purpose, three different distributed simulator solutions have been designed, built, and analyzed with the aim of constructing distributed simulators, including external hardware, where the simulation achieves the same degree of realism as with a traditional driving simulator. One of these simulator solutions has been used to create a parameterized powertrain model that can be configured to represent any of a number of different vehicles. Furthermore, the driver's driving task is combined with the powertrain model to monitor deviations. After the powertrain model was created, subsystems from a simulator solution and the powertrain model have been transferred to a Modelica environment. The goal is to create a framework for requirement testing that guarantees sufficient realism, also for a distributed driving simulation. The results show that the distributed simulators we have developed work well overall with satisfactory performance. It is important to manage the vehicle model and how it is connected to a distributed system. In the distributed driveline simulator setup, the network delays were so small that they could be ignored, i.e., they did not affect the driving experience. However, if one gradually increases the delays, a driver in the distributed simulator will change his/her behavior. The impact of communication latency on a distributed simulator also depends on the simulator application, where different usages of the simulator, i.e., different simulator studies, will have different demands. We believe that many simulator studies could be performed using a distributed setup. One issue is how modifications to the system affect the vehicle model and the desired behavior. This leads to the need for methodology for managing model requirements. In order to detect model deviations in the simulator environment, a monitoring aid has been implemented to help notify test managers when a model behaves strangely or is driven outside of its validated region. Since the availability of distributed laboratory equipment can be limited, the possibility of using Modelica (which is an equation-based and object-oriented programming language) for simulating subsystems is also examined. Implementation of the model in Modelica has also been extended with requirements management, and in this work a framework is proposed for automatically evaluating the model in a tool.

Download or read book Human Factors Design of Automated Highway Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Driving Simulation for Engineering Medicine and Psychology written by Donald L. Fisher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective use of driving simulators requires considerable technical and methodological skill along with considerable background knowledge. Acquiring the requisite knowledge and skills can be extraordinarily time consuming, yet there has been no single convenient and comprehensive source of information on the driving simulation research being conduc

Download or read book Scenario Generation for Testing of Automated Driving Functions Based on Real Data written by Fin Malte Heuer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scenario-based testing is state-of-the-art for testing Advanced Driving Assistance System / Autonomous Driving (ADAS/AD). The challenge in scenario-based testing is the generation and selection of the scenarios. To generate reproducible scenarios and to efficiently perform tests of ADAS/AD, simulation environments are used because the environment is under control. However, an open research question on this topic is the realism of the emerging scenarios within the simulation. Realism is a challenge because the ADAS/AD must eventually function in the real world. To solve this challenge, we contribute a concept (1) to use a simulation environment to generate realistic synthetic scenarios and (2) to evaluate their realism. We focus our research on dynamic objects within the scenarios. We parameterize the microscopic traffic simulation environment SUMO and generate synthetic scenarios by simulation. We base the evaluation of realism on real scenarios observed by the testbed Lower Saxony. To measure realism, we define ten different characteristics in different aspects. With these characteristics, we measure realism by comparing the characteristics against the real data. As a prototype, we implement this concept and compare three different methods of parameterization concerning their realism: (a) expert-based, (b) optimization-based, and (c) clustering-based. Based on our evaluation, we find that parameterization has a strong influence on the realism of criticality metrics such as the Time To Collision (TTC). In contrast, we find that the influence of parameterization on other aspects is comparatively low. We observe that realism depends on the parameterization and the capabilities of the simulation model. We discover that expert-based parameterization generates the most realistic scenes compared to the other methods and about 2.5 times as many realistic scenes during the same period as without parameterization. Each parameterization has its own strengths concerning different aspects of realism. We conclude that SUMO generates realistic dynamic objects in scenarios in many aspects.

Download or read book Development of Driving Simulation Framework for Defining the Operational Design Domains of Autonomous Vehicles in Rural and Urban Environments written by Adrian Cosio and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) have been rapidly improving over the last decade with the implementation of more automated features. This will lead to the development of fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) and their deployment into the traffic stream. Although the idea of self-driving cars in society is inevitable, there is much more research that needs to be done before that becomes a reality. Therefore, a transition phase will first occur in which traffic will consist of a mixed configuration of various automated and human-driven vehicles. This will undoubtedly result in consequences as the different levels of AVs and human drivers interact in various roadway environments and distinct traffic characteristics. For that reason, it is imperative to research the full capabilities of all levels of automation and understand their limitations based on the diverse set of roadway environments and various driving scenarios that will be encountered. In this thesis, an attempt was made to begin understanding the capabilities and limitations of AVs in mixed traffic. Given the multitude of environments and scenarios, prioritization was given to a situation that would be common for Texas roadways. Therefore, this thesis develops a driving simulation environment to understand the performance of AVs with respect to traffic safety and efficiency in Texas rural highways and urban roads during a forced lane drop scenario and a merging vehicle maneuver. This prioritization was used to begin establishing the operational design domains (OODs) of AVs, which will be crucial in mitigating the risk that will arise during the interactions of different levels of AVs and humans. Preliminary results from Driver-In-the-Loop (DIL) experiments seem to suggest that increasing the level of automation might have some benefits for traffic as a whole but that lower-level AVs might led to some dangerous situations for human drivers. More human participants will be needed to verify these results but overall, this thesis managed to develop a feasible simulation framework that can be used for future human subject studies

Download or read book Rapid Correlated Database Generation for Traffic Simulation written by Lit Min Lee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A software design project called VrCar, short for Virtual Car, is presented to improve driving simulation correlated database generation. A typical driving simulation correlated database consists of various sub-databases that handle graphical data, logical road network data, and etc. The generation of driving simulation correlated databases, is a very time consuming task due to the complexity of the data and to the lack of proper software tools. In this project, the VrCar Road Editor software is built for the purpose of generating a driving simulation correlated database. The Road Editor packages traffic constructs like bridges, intersection, various roads and etc. into two sets of Component Libraries. These components can then be added to a driving simulation scene using the GUI of the Road Editor. The Correlated Database generated by the Road Editor supports graphical and logical road network data. In addition, traffic simulation software called the VrCar Traffic Simulator is built to verify that the concept works. The task of the VrCar Traffic Simulator is to load correlated databases generated by the VrCar Road Editor and to perform traffic simulations based on the generated databases.

Download or read book Validation and Verification of Automated Systems written by Andrea Leitner and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes the main results of the the project ENABLE-S3 covering the following aspects: validation and verification technology bricks (collection and selection of test scenarios, test executions envionments incl. respective models, assessment of test results), evaluation of technology bricks in selected use cases and standardization and related initiatives. ENABLE-S3 is an industry-driven EU-project and aspires to substitute todays' cost-intensive verification and validation efforts by more advanced and efficient methods. In addition, the book includes articles about complementary international activities in order to highlight the global importance of the topic and to cover the wide range of aspects that needs to be covered at a global scale.

Download or read book Intelligent Control Robotics and Industrial Automation written by Sanjay Sharma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 1039 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Robotics, Control, Automation, and Artificial Intelligence (RCAAI 2022). It aims to provide a broad spectrum picture of the state of art research and development in the areas of intelligent control, the Internet of Things, machine vision, cybersecurity, robotics, circuits, and sensors, among others. This volume will provide a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.

Download or read book Field and Service Robotics written by Marco Hutter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the 11th FSR (Field and Service Robotics), which is the leading single-track conference on applications of robotics in challenging environments. This conference was held in Zurich, Switzerland from 12-15 September 2017. The book contains 45 full-length, peer-reviewed papers organized into a variety of topics: Control, Computer Vision, Inspection, Machine Learning, Mapping, Navigation and Planning, and Systems and Tools. The goal of the book and the conference is to report and encourage the development and experimental evaluation of field and service robots, and to generate a vibrant exchange and discussion in the community. Field robots are non-factory robots, typically mobile, that operate in complex and dynamic environments: on the ground (Earth or other planets), under the ground, underwater, in the air or in space. Service robots are those that work closely with humans to help them with their lives. The first FSR was held in Canberra, Australia, in 1997. Since that first meeting, FSR has been held roughly every two years, cycling through Asia, Americas, and Europe.

Download or read book Human Factors Aspects of the Transfer of Control from the Automated Highway System to the Driver written by J. R. Bloomfield and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two experiments in a series exploring human factors issues related to the Automated Highway System (AHS) used a generic AHS configuration--the left lane reserved for automated vehicles, the center and right lanes containing unautomated vehicles, no transition lane, and no barriers between the automated and unautomated lanes--that was simulated in the Iowa Driving Simulator (IDS). The IDS has a moving base hexapod platform containing a mid-sized sedan. Imagery was projected onto a 3.35-rad (180 deg) screen in front of the driver, and onto a 1.13-rad (60 deg) screen to the rear. Thirty-six drivers between the ages of 25 and 34 years participated in the first experiment; 24 drivers who were age 65 or older took part in the second. Both experiments explored the transfer of control from the AHS to the driver when the driver's task was to leave the automated lane. The driver, who was traveling under automated control in a string of vehicles in the automated lane, had to take control, drive from the automated lane into the center lane, then leave the freeway.

Download or read book Developments on a Virtual Environment System for Intelligent Vehicle Applications written by Coşku Kasnakoğlu and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the latest years there have been extensive advances in the field of intelligent vehicle systems and virtual environment simulation technology has played an important role in these advances, enabling researchers to design, develop and test new technologies utilizing computer-based test-beds, without the standard problems associated with real world testing. In this thesis, developments on the Ohio State University Virtual Environment System (OSU-VES) will be presented, which is one such system being developed at The Ohio State University since 1996. First, two main components of the system, which are the Virtual Environment Builder RoadEZ, and the Virtual Environment Simulator VESim, will be discussed in detail. We will present the implementation details of the automation of the environment generation process, including the inputting of the environment data; function fitting to road data; detection and handling of intersections and merges; interpolation, population and triangulation of road, terrain and vehicle path data; placement and editing of 3D objects; and data and configuration generation for virtual simulation. Next we will discuss the advances on the virtual environment simulation process, including key concepts such as modular structure, generic modules for decoupling of module algorithms from simulation interface, triggering events and event trigger modules. This will be followed by three applications of OSU-VES to demonstrate the usefulness and power of the system for intelligent vehicle research: Synchronization of virtual environment simulations with actual sensor data, development of an emergency driver assistance system called the Control Authority Transition (CAT) System, and the building of the environments and scenarios for a human factors research on driver distractions.

Download or read book Towards Human Like Prediction and Decision Making for Automated Vehicles in Highway Scenarios written by David Sierra Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades automakers have consistently introduced technological innovations aimed to make road vehicles safer. The level of sophistication of these advanced driver assistance systems has increased parallel to developments in sensor technology and embedded computing power. More recently, a lot of the research made both by industry and institutions has concentrated on achieving fully automated driving. The potential societal benefits of this technology are numerous, including safer roads, improved traffic flows, increased mobility for the elderly and the disabled, and optimized human productivity. However, before autonomous vehicles can be commercialized they should be able to safely share the road with human drivers. In other words, they should be capable of inferring the state and intentions of surrounding traffic from the raw data provided by a variety of onboard sensors, and to use this information to make safe navigation decisions. Moreover, in order to truly navigate safely they should also consider potential obstacles not observed by the sensors (such as occluded vehicles or pedestrians). Despite the apparent complexity of the task, humans are extremely good at predicting the development of traffic situations. After all, the actions of any traffic participant are constrained by the road network, by the traffic rules, and by a risk-aversive common sense. The lack of this ability to naturally understand a traffic scene constitutes perhaps the major challenge holding back the large-scale deployment of truly autonomous vehicles in the roads.In this thesis, we address the full pipeline from driver behavior modeling and inference to decision-making for navigation. In the first place, we model the behavior of a generic driver automatically from demonstrated driving data, avoiding thus the traditional hand-tuning of the model parameters. This model encodes the preferences of a driver with respect to the road network (e.g. preferred lane or speed) and also with respect to other road users (e.g. preferred distance to the leading vehicle). Secondly, we describe a method that exploits the learned model to predict the future sequence of actions of any driver in a traffic scene up to the distant future. This model-based prediction method assumes that all traffic participants behave in a risk-aware manner and can therefore fail to predict dangerous maneuvers or accidents. To be able to handle such cases, we propose a more sophisticated probabilistic model that estimates the state and intentions of surrounding traffic by combining the model-based prediction with the dynamic evidence provided by the sensors. In a way, the proposed model mimics the reasoning process of human drivers: we know what a given vehicle is likely to do given the situation (this is given by the model), but we closely monitor its dynamics to detect deviations from the expected behavior. In practice, combining both sources of information results in an increased robustness of the intention estimates in comparison with approaches relying only on dynamic evidence. Finally, the learned driver behavioral model and the prediction model are integrated within a probabilistic decision-making framework. The proposed methods are validated with real-world data collected with an instrumented vehicle. Although focused on highway environments, this work could be easily adapted to handle alternative traffic scenarios.

Download or read book NADS written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Robotic Vehicles Systems and Technology written by Tian Seng Ng and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the technological innovations of robotic vehicles. It presents the concepts required for self-driving cars on the road. Besides, readers can gain invaluable knowledge in the construction, programming, and control of the six-legged robot. The book also presents the controllers and aerodynamics of several different types of rotorcrafts. It includes the simulation and flight of the various kinds of rotor-propelled air vehicles under each of their different aerodynamics environment. The book is suitable for academia, educators, students, and researchers who are interested in autonomous vehicles, robotics, and rotor-propelled vehicles.