Download or read book Autism Signaling Pathways written by Yu-Chih Lin and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Andreas M. Grabrucker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorders are developmental disorders. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders develop differently. These differences are usually present in social interaction, communication, and sensory processing, and become visible through a wide variety of behavioral responses that differ from individuals without autism spectrum disorders. Despite significant research efforts, the exact causes of autism spectrum disorders remain poorly understood; however, researchers have gained extensive insights into possible pathomechanisms, even at the molecular level of cells. Many diagnostic criteria have been developed, adapted, and improved. The eight chapters in this book highlight the current state-of-the-art in many areas of autism spectrum disorders. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders and the current knowledge of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Chapter 2 summarizes the diagnostic criteria and procedures and highlights present and upcoming therapeutic strategies. Chapter 3 reviews the adverse events and trauma in people with autism spectrum disorders. Chapters 4 and 5 focus on atypical sensory processing, and Chapter 6 discusses the genetic overlap of autism spectrum disorders with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and schizophrenia. Chapter 7 focuses on the contribution of abnormalities in mitochondria, and chapter 8 discusses gut-brain interactions and a potential role for microbiota in autism spectrum disorders. This book is aimed primarily at clinicians and scientists, but many areas will also be of interest to the layperson.
Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.
Download or read book Genetic Models and Molecular Pathways Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Models and Molecular Pathways Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders, Volume 241 provides the most recent information on the animal model systems that are available to study different forms of autism spectrum disorders. In addition to genetically engineered animals that uniquely model genetic forms of ASD, this volume also provides detailed chapters on a variety of specific topics, including An overview of genetic models of ASDs, Phenotypic modeling of ASD symptoms, Molecular mechanisms of NF1 model of ASD symptoms, Ube3a gene dosage disorders: molecular and circuit mechanisms of ASD, Circuit dysfunctions in ASD models, ERK signaling in genetic models of ASD, and more. Presents a timely, comprehensive assessment of the field Includes helpful summaries on current knowledge, gaps and future directions in autism research
Download or read book Impact of an Autism associated Mutation on Signaling Pathways Downstream of NMDA Receptors written by Jessica Lahr and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-12 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes such as digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage. This volume focuses on the role it plays in the immune system and provides substantive experimental and clinical data to support current understanding in the field, and potential applications of this knowledge in the treatment of disease. Evidence presented in this book suggests that the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems form the Neuroendoimmune Supersystem, which integrates all the biological functions of higher organisms both in health and disease for their entire life cycle Contributors include both the scientists who initiated the work on the HPA axis and on the autonomic nervous system, and those who joined the field later
Download or read book Jasper s Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies written by Jeffrey Noebels and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 1258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.
Download or read book Autism written by Michael Fitzgerald and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book opens with a discussion of neurodiversity and an elaboration of the diagnosis of autism. It then examines factors correlating with autism, including sex bias, month of birth, migration and impact of infant feeding. The next section is on the impact of autism. The neurobiology and genetic section deals with epigenetics and intracellular pathways associated with etiology. The development and behaviour section deals with proprioceptive profiles and joint attention in autism. The final section focuses on interventions including mindfulness, animal assisted activity, social/cultural perspective on autism intervention and physical activity. The book is relevant to all professionals and researchers working with persons with autism, including psychiatrists/psychologists, speech and language therapists, occupational therapists, teachers, nurses and care workers.
Download or read book Essential Pathways and Circuits of Autism Pathogenesis written by Gül Dölen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1 in 68 children in the United states is afflicted with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), yet at this time, there is no cure for the disease. Autism is characterized by delays in the development of many basic skills, most notably the ability to socialize and adapt to novelty. The condition is typically identified in children around 3 years of age, however the high heritability of autism suggests that the disease process begins at conception. The identification of over 500 ASD risk genes, has enabled the molecular genetic dissection of the pathogenesis of the disease in model organisms such as mice. Despite the genetic heterogeneity of ASD etiology, converging evidence suggests that these disparate genetic lesions may result in the disruption of a limited number of key biochemical pathways or circuits. Classification of patients into groups by pathogenic rather than etiological categories, will likely aid future therapeutic development and clinical trials. In this set of papers, we explore the existing evidence supporting this view. Specifically, we focus on biochemical cascades such as mTOR and ERK signaling, the mRNA network bound by FMRP and UBE3A, dorsal and ventral striatal circuits, cerebellar circuits, hypothalamic projections, as well as prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortical circuits. Special attention will be given to studies that demonstrate the necessity and/or sufficiency of genetic disruptions (e.g. by molecular deletion and/or replacement) in these pathways and circuits for producing characteristic behavioral features of autism. Necessarily these papers will be heavily weighted towards basic mechanisms elucidated in animal models, but may also include investigations in patients.
Download or read book Reelin Glycoprotein written by S.H. Fatemi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reelin glycoprotein is a serine protease with important roles in embryogenesis and during adult life. This comprehensive and integrative book examines the role that reelin plays in the etiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. The book provides an unprecedented analysis of this emerging and novel protein by examining evidence from genetic, neuroanatomic, biochemical, and behavioral studies.
Download or read book From Calcium Channels to Autism written by Jocelyn Friedman Krey and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCs) play a key role in neuronal development by activating signalling pathways that regulate neuronal gene expression and morphology. A point mutation in the LTC CaV1.2, which blocks voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI), causes autism in Timothy Syndrome (TS) patients. While it is known how VDI influences the current through LTCs, it is not known how alterations in VDI affect the signaling function of CaV1.2 in neurons and ultimately cause developmental defects that lead to autism. Here I show that expression of CaV1.2 channels containing the TS mutation (TS-CaV1.2) inhibits CRE-dependent transcription and causes dendrite retraction and reduced dendrite branching in cortical neurons. I found that expression of TS-CaV1.2 leads to increased calcium influx in neurons and that this increase in intracellular calcium concentrations was in part responsible for the ability of TS-CaV1.2 channels to inhibit CREB. Surprisingly, however, I found that TS-CaV1.2 causes dendritic retraction independently of Ca2+ influx through the channel suggesting that the voltage-dependent conformational changes associated with VDI play an important and unexpected role in CaV1.2 signalling. In addition, I found that TS-CaV1.2 causes dendrite retraction by activating the RhoA signalling pathway. I found that changes in the interaction of the small GTP-binding protein Gem with the channel beta subunit play a critical role in mediating the activation of RhoA by TS-CaV1.2. These results provide new insight into how LTCs are coupled to cytoskeletal signalling pathways in neurons and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of TS and other Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Download or read book Autism Pathways to Recovery Workbook written by and published by Holistic Health Internation. This book was released on with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abnormal Lipid Signalling in the Developing Mouse Brain written by Ravneet Rai and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, currently characterized by difficulties in social communication, delayed speech and language, and appearance of restricted and repetitive sensory-motor behaviours. Currently, there are many etiological factors, both genetic and environmental, that have been involved in its manifestation, including the lipid signaling pathway. The brain is rich in lipids, and the plasma membrane acts as a reservoir of bioactive molecules such as Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a lipid signaling molecule important for normal brain development and function. PGE2 is converted by cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1 and -2) enzymes, a downstream action following release of arachidonic acid from the plasma membrane. Various genetic and environmental factors can influence the level of PGE2 and have been identified for their involvement in increased ASD-risk. However, the exact mechanisms behind this relationship are not well known, and thus the current dissertation aims to contribute to this gap in knowledge with four studies in vivo in the mouse brain. Using mouse models, we investigated the effects of maternal PGE2 administration (PGE2-injected) and gene knockdown of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes (COX-1-/- and COX-2-/-) at E16 and E19, on sex- and age-dependent expression of developmental genes and proteins, global analyses of biological pathways, and characterization and analysis of dendritic spines morphology at P25. These studies established that aberrations in the COX/PGE2 signalling pathway result in differential expression of many genes and pathways involved in neurodevelopment and ASD etiology. We found abnormal age- (i.e. Mmp7 and Wnt2, Spn, Actb) and sex-dependent (i.e. Spn, Actb) gene and protein expression of developmental and synaptic functions, sex-specific enlargement of mushroom spines in cerebellar neurons, and ASD genes that are dysregulated throughout development (i.e. Glo1, Gabra2, Grm5). Interestingly, novel in vivo findings in mouse models of PGE2-administration and COX-2-/- (high and low levels) both confirmed an interaction between COX-2/PGE2 and Wnt pathway particularly at the E16 stage of development. The current findings strengthen the involvement of abnormal COX/PGE2 signalling during early brain development, and thus, many genes and environmental exposures during gestation can act on different constituents of the COX/PGE2 pathway, and result in neurological conditions such as ASD.
Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography
Download or read book Comprehensive Guide to Autism written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is a complex multifaceted disorder affecting neurodevelopment during the early years of life and, for many, throughout the life span. Inherent features include difficulties or deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and interpersonal behavioral coordination, to name just a few. Autism profoundly impacts the affected individual, the family, and, in many cases, the localized communities. The increased prevalence of childhood autism has resulted in rapid developments in a wide range of disciplines in recent years. Nevertheless, despite intensive research, the cause(s) remain unresolved and no single treatment strategy is employed. To address these issues, Comprehensive Guide to Autism is an all-embracing reference that offers analyses and discussions of contemporary issues in the field of autism. The work brings together scientific material from leading experts in the field relating to a wide range of important current topics, such as the early identification and treatment of children with autism, pertinent social and behavioral studies, recent developments in genetics and immunology, the influence of diet, models of autism, and future treatment prospects. Comprehensive Guide to Autism contains essential readings for behavioral science researchers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, parents, and caregivers.
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Joseph D. Buxbaum and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is no longer considered a rare disease, and the Center for Disease Control now estimates that upwards of 730,000 children in the US struggle with this isolating brain disorder. New research is leading to greater understanding of and ability to treat the disorder at an earlier age. It is hoped that further genetic and imaging studies will lead to biologically based diagnostic techniques that could help speed detection and allow early, more effective intervention. Edited by two leaders in the field, this volume offers a current survey and synthesis of the most important findings of the neuroscience behind autism of the past 20 years. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, the volume explores etiology, neuropathology, imaging, and pathways/models. Offering a broad background of ASDs with a unique focus on neurobiology, the volume offers more than the others on the market with a strictly clinical focus or a single authored perspective that fails to offer expert, comprehensive coverage. Researchers and graduate students alike with an interest in developmental disorders and autism will benefit, as will autism specialists across psychology and medicine looking to expand their expertise. Uniquely explores ASDs from a neurobiological angle, looking to uncover the molecular/cellular basis rather than to merely catalog the commonly used behavioral interventions Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for neurodevelopmental disorder researchers and autism specialists Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe - the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book Defining the Role of the Reelin Signaling Pathway in Neurogenesis and Behavior a Zebrafish Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Grace Kathryn Nevil and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
