Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a report prepared for the intermediate altitude region (the lower thermosphere, lying between about 100 and 200 km). This region dif fers considerably from the lowest one, in which the volume of data makes statistical methods of analysis appropriate. For the highest region, a considerable amount of satellite data is available and the behavior of the atmosphere is reasonably well understood. Some rocket data is available for the lower thermosphere, but most of the meas uring instruments are experimental and a major part of the data analysis consists in studying the physics of the various corrections or calibra tion factors required. At the upper end of the altitude regime some satellite data is available. New density data includes the results from flights of two types of falling spheres, results from the diffusion of chemical clouds, and data from drag effects on three satellites with perigee altitudes near 200 km. The satellite data indicates a de pendence of density on the value of the magnetic A sub p index. Otherwise, the data shows more variation with the method of measurement and data reduction than actual variation of the atmosphere. (Author).
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review constitutes a revision and up-dating of the report, Atmospheric Structure and its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere (AD-417 201). It has been prepared for inclusion as an appendix in the proposed new edition of the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA). New density data presented and discussed include the results of four falling-sphere density measurements made at White Sands, New Mexico, and densities deduced from drag effects on Explorer XVII and other satellites. The satellite density data is compared with the predictions of several models of Jacchia and Harris and Priester. Temperature data include revised values deduced by Blamont from Doppler broadening of sodium and potassium resonance lines. The new values are in better agreement with theoretical models than the earlier results. Recent composition results include number densities of O2, N2 and O calculated from ultraviolet absorption measurements by Hinteregger, and values of mean molecular mass from Explorer XVII and the rocket measurements of Nier and Schaefer. (Author).
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure in the Lower Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review constitutes a revision and up-dating of the report, Atmospheric Structure and its Variations in the Lower Thermosphere (AD-417 201). It has been prepared for inclusion as an appendix in the proposed new edition of the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere (CIRA). New density data presented and discussed include the results of four falling-sphere density measurements made at White Sands, New Mexico, and densities deduced from drag effects on Explorer XVII and other satellites. The satellite density data is compared with the predictions of several models of Jacchia and Harris and Priester. Temperature data include revised values deduced by Blamont from Doppler broadening of sodium and potassium resonance lines. The new values are in better agreement with theoretical models than the earlier results. Recent composition results include number densities of O2, N2 and O calculated from ultraviolet absorption measurements by Hinteregger, and values of mean molecular mass from Explorer XVII and the rocket measurements of Nier and Schaefer. (Author)
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere written by PLUMB and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PAGEOPH, stratosphere, these differences provide us with new evidence, interpretation of which can materially help to advance our understanding of stratospheric dynamics in general. It is now weil established that smaller-scale motions-in particular gravity waves and turbulence-are of fundamental importance in the general circulation of the mesosphere; they seem to be similarly, if less spectacularly, significant in the troposphere, and probably also in the stratosphere. Our understanding of these motions, their effects on the mean circulation and their mutual interactions is progressing rapidly, as is weil illustrated by the papers in this issue; there are reports of observational studies, especially with new instruments such as the Japanese MV radar, reviews of the state of theory, a laboratory study and an analysis of gravity waves and their effects in the high resolution "SKYHI" general circulation model. There are good reasons to suspect that gravity waves may be of crucial significance in making the stratospheric circulation the way it is (modeling experience being one suggestive piece of evidence for this). Direct observational proof has thus far been prevented by the difficulty of making observations of such scales of motion in this region; in one study reported here, falling sphere observations are used to obtain information on the structure and intensity of waves in the upper stratosphere.
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure Variations Modelling of Atmospheric Structure 70 130 Km written by Gerald V. Groves and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory and numerical analysis of data were applied to a number of leading problems of atmospheric structure in the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere during the three years of theis project. Three investigations occupied the first 18 months and concerned: (1) Diurnal and semidiurnal tidal dissipation of momentum and energy in the upper atmosphere, (2) The modelling of O distribution from 85 km to the turbopause and (3) An empirical model for solar cycle changes in mesospheric structure. During the second part of the project, attention was concentrated on: (4) Atmospheric modelling of the intermediate region (70-130km) between given models for the lower (up to 70 km) region and the upper (above 130 km) region. A preliminary report of this work, to the extent that it might meet the needs of a new COSPAR reference atmosphere, was presented at the 1986 COSPAR meeting and a detailed report of the theory and analyses was subsequently completed.
Download or read book Atmospheric Structure and Its Variations in the Region from 25 to 120 Km written by Gerald V. Groves and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report has been prepared as part of the activities of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) panel on a new reference atmosphere, which will aid in the design of aircraft, missiles and satellites. It combines a review of observational results obtained over approximately the last six years on temperature, pressure, density and winds with new models for the seasonal and latitudinal dependence of these parameters at heights from 25 km to the lower thermosphere. The temperature, pressure and density models extend from 25 to 110 km and are identical with those previously given in Report AFCRL-70-0261, May 1970 (Air Force Surveys in Geophysics, No. 218). W-E wind models are presented separately for the regions 25 to 60 km and 60 to (approximately) 120 km. Three W-E wind models from 25 to 60 km are presented corresponding to N. American data, European/W. Asian data, and S. Hemisphere data. A model for the quasi-biennial oscillation in W-E winds at low latitudes is given. Other variations, such as diurnal (tidal) variations, and S-N winds are dealt with in the review of observational data.
Download or read book Dynamics and Structure of the Quiet Thermosphere written by K. S. W. Champion and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COSPAR International Reference Atmospheres (CIRA) 1972 provides both a Mean International Reference Atmosphere of the thermosphere and a parametric set of models for the region. The models are based on knowledge of the thermosphere as of mid 1971. The differences in the diurnal variations of atmospheric density scale height obtained from satellite drag studies and temperatures obtained from incoherent radar scatter observations are probably due to different diurnal variations of density and temperature and not due to systematic discrepancies in the measurements. The answer to this question should be provided by data obtained from recently launched satellites ESRO IV, AEROS, and AE-C. The second major area of interest involves the absolute number densities and variations with time of day, latitude, and season of the major and minor constituents of the thermosphere. Recent data obtained with mass spectrometers and optical instruments are reviewed in addition to the results of theoretical composition calculations, which include turbulence and other transport effects.
Download or read book Middle Atmosphere Program Atmospheric structure and its variation in the region 20 to 120 KM draft of a new reference middle atmosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cross Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere Ionosphere Thermosphere System written by Yukitoshi Nishimura and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-07 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System provides a systematic understanding of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere dynamics. Cross-scale coupling has become increasingly important in the Space Physics community. Although large-scale processes can specify the averaged state of the system reasonably well, they cannot accurately describe localized and rapidly varying structures in space in actual events. Such localized and variable structures can be as intense as the large-scale features. This book covers observations on quantifying coupling and energetics and simulation on evaluating impacts of cross-scale processes. It includes an in-depth review and summary of the current status of multi-scale coupling processes, fundamental physics, and concise illustrations and plots that are usable in tutorial presentations and classrooms. Organized by physical quantities in the system, Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System reviews recent advances in cross-scale coupling and energy transfer processes, making it an important resource for space physicists and researchers working on the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. Describes frontier science and major science around M-I-T coupling, allowing for foundational understanding of this emerging field in space physics Reviews recent and key findings in the cutting-edge of the science Discusses open questions and pathways for understanding how the field is evolving
Download or read book Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds written by David C. Catling and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-13 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and authoritative text on the formation and evolution of planetary atmospheres, for graduate-level students and researchers.
Download or read book Saturn in the 21st Century written by Kevin H. Baines and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed overview of Saturn's formation, evolution and structure written by eminent planetary scientists involved in the Cassini Orbiter mission.
Download or read book Species Densities in the Lower Thermosphere Compatible with the U S Standard Atmosphere written by Gene W. Adams and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling the Ionosphere Thermosphere written by J. D. Huba and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-03-17 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 201. Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System brings together for the first time a detailed description of the physics of the IT system in conjunction with numerical techniques to solve the complex system of equations that describe the system, as well as issues of current interest. Volume highlights include discussions of: Physics of the ionosphere and thermosphere IT system, and the numerical methods to solve the basic equations of the IT system The physics and numerical methods to determine the global electrodynamics of the IT system The response of the IT system to forcings from below (i.e., the lower atmosphere) and from above (i.e., the magnetosphere) The physics and numerical methods to model ionospheric irregularities Data assimilation techniques, comparison of model results to data, climate variability studies, and applications to space weather Providing a clear description of the physics of this system in several tutorial-like articles, Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System is of value to the upper atmosphere science community in general. Chapters describing details of the numerical methods used to solve the equations that describe the IT system make the volume useful to both active researchers in the field and students.
Download or read book A Theoretical Analysis of the Past Variations in Global Atmospheric Composition and Temperature Structure written by Donald J. Wuebbles and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
