Download or read book Architecture and Compiler Support for Parallel Consistency Coherence and Security written by Rui Zhang (Ph. D. in computer science) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread use of multicore processors has made parallelism a necessity for performance. However, parallelism allows programs to share physical computing resources, such as memory and processor caches, which presents challenges for computer systems to ensure correct and secure parallel executions. Specifically, these challenges include: 1) providing strong memory consistency to programs with data races while allowing best-effort progress; 2) providing data-race-free (DRF) programs with simple, efficient cache coherence; and 3) ensuring information security for programs that run in parallel. These challenges in parallel consistency, coherence, and security motivate this work. The thesis of our work is that parallel systems can get the benefits of strong consistency, simple and efficient coherence, and strong security guarantees with little performance degradation or human effort. The goal in this dissertation is to make contributions by presenting and proposing architecture and compiler support to ensure correct and secure parallelism with minimal extra costs. Modern memory models make the DRF assumption and provide strong, well-defined end-to-end memory consistency only for DRF programs. Prior work has proposed fail-stop memory consistency to provide well-defined behaviors for all programs. However, fail-stop consistency can lead to unexpected failures in the presence of data races, imperiling performance or progress. To help systems get the benefits of fail-stop memory consistency while minimizing the costs of failures, this dissertation presents a set of architectural mechanisms that provide best-effort avoidance of failures on top of systems that provide fail-stop consistency. Unlike memory consistency models, mainstream cache coherence protocols such as MESI are designed to enforce coherence for both DRF and non-DRF programs and thus are complex. Specifically, MESI requires numerous transient states, a shared directory, and support for core-to-core communication. As DRF is widely assumed by today’s language-level memory models, this dissertation explores the possibility of providing simpler cache coherence protocols under the DRF assumption and presents a simple, efficient self-invalidation-based coherence protocol that eliminates MESI’s expensive requirements. The key insights in this work lie in its novel design that has no shared ownership metadata and that uses lightweight mechanisms to avoid many unnecessary self-invalidations. The fact that programs share physical computing resources such as memory and processor caches presents not only correctness challenges but also security threats. Among such threats, particularly worrisome are cache side-channel attacks, which have been demonstrated to be potent enough to facilitate the deduction of sensitive information in realistic scenarios. To protect programs from cache side-channel attacks, we propose automatic compiler support for strong, efficient cache side-channel protection based on widely available commodity hardware transactional memory (HTM). This work consists of a set of program analysis and instrumentation techniques that detect and analyze sensitive data and code, delimit transactions, and insert code to protect sensitive data and code. By making contributions in parallel consistency, coherence, and security, this dissertation aims to address challenges that parallelism faces to ensure correct and secure executions. Our proposed architecture support for best-effort avoidance of failures provides strong consistency without the costs of consistency failures. Our proposed coherence protocol extends the design limit of cache coherence on complexity under the DRF assumption. Last but not least, our proposed techniques of automatic cache side-channel protection help developers get the benefit of secure parallelism with little human effort. Overall, this dissertation significantly advances the state of the art in parallel consistency, coherence, and security.
Download or read book Scalable Parallel Computing written by Kai Hwang and published by McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering & Mathematics. This book was released on 1998 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers four areas of parallel computing: principles, technology, architecture, and programming. It is suitable for professionals and undergraduates taking courses in computer engineering, parallel processing, computer architecture, scaleable computers or distributed computing.
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Download or read book Programming Massively Parallel Processors written by David B. Kirk and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Programming Massively Parallel Processors: A Hands-on Approach, Second Edition, teaches students how to program massively parallel processors. It offers a detailed discussion of various techniques for constructing parallel programs. Case studies are used to demonstrate the development process, which begins with computational thinking and ends with effective and efficient parallel programs. This guide shows both student and professional alike the basic concepts of parallel programming and GPU architecture. Topics of performance, floating-point format, parallel patterns, and dynamic parallelism are covered in depth. This revised edition contains more parallel programming examples, commonly-used libraries such as Thrust, and explanations of the latest tools. It also provides new coverage of CUDA 5.0, improved performance, enhanced development tools, increased hardware support, and more; increased coverage of related technology, OpenCL and new material on algorithm patterns, GPU clusters, host programming, and data parallelism; and two new case studies (on MRI reconstruction and molecular visualization) that explore the latest applications of CUDA and GPUs for scientific research and high-performance computing. This book should be a valuable resource for advanced students, software engineers, programmers, and hardware engineers. New coverage of CUDA 5.0, improved performance, enhanced development tools, increased hardware support, and more Increased coverage of related technology, OpenCL and new material on algorithm patterns, GPU clusters, host programming, and data parallelism Two new case studies (on MRI reconstruction and molecular visualization) explore the latest applications of CUDA and GPUs for scientific research and high-performance computing
Download or read book Data Parallel C written by James Reinders and published by Apress. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to accelerate C++ programs using data parallelism. This open access book enables C++ programmers to be at the forefront of this exciting and important new development that is helping to push computing to new levels. It is full of practical advice, detailed explanations, and code examples to illustrate key topics. Data parallelism in C++ enables access to parallel resources in a modern heterogeneous system, freeing you from being locked into any particular computing device. Now a single C++ application can use any combination of devices—including GPUs, CPUs, FPGAs and AI ASICs—that are suitable to the problems at hand. This book begins by introducing data parallelism and foundational topics for effective use of the SYCL standard from the Khronos Group and Data Parallel C++ (DPC++), the open source compiler used in this book. Later chapters cover advanced topics including error handling, hardware-specific programming, communication and synchronization, and memory model considerations. Data Parallel C++ provides you with everything needed to use SYCL for programming heterogeneous systems. What You'll Learn Accelerate C++ programs using data-parallel programming Target multiple device types (e.g. CPU, GPU, FPGA) Use SYCL and SYCL compilers Connect with computing’s heterogeneous future via Intel’s oneAPI initiative Who This Book Is For Those new data-parallel programming and computer programmers interested in data-parallel programming using C++.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Parallel Computer Architecture written by David Culler and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines a set of issues that are critical to all of parallel architecture--communication latency, communication bandwidth, and coordination of cooperative work (across modern designs). It describes the set of techniques available in hardware and in software to address each issues and explore how the various techniques interact.
Download or read book High Performance Compilers for Parallel Computing written by Michael Joseph Wolfe and published by Addison Wesley. This book was released on 1996 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software -- Operating Systems.
Download or read book Computer Organization and Design RISC V Edition written by David A. Patterson and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2017-05-12 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new RISC-V Edition of Computer Organization and Design features the RISC-V open source instruction set architecture, the first open source architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems. With the post-PC era now upon us, Computer Organization and Design moves forward to explore this generational change with examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the Cloud. Updated content featuring tablet computers, Cloud infrastructure, and the x86 (cloud computing) and ARM (mobile computing devices) architectures is included. An online companion Web site provides advanced content for further study, appendices, glossary, references, and recommended reading. Features RISC-V, the first such architecture designed to be used in modern computing environments, such as cloud computing, mobile devices, and other embedded systems Includes relevant examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud
Download or read book Building Evolutionary Architectures written by Neal Ford and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The software development ecosystem is constantly changing, providing a constant stream of new tools, frameworks, techniques, and paradigms. Over the past few years, incremental developments in core engineering practices for software development have created the foundations for rethinking how architecture changes over time, along with ways to protect important architectural characteristics as it evolves. This practical guide ties those parts together with a new way to think about architecture and time.
Download or read book C Coding Standards written by Herb Sutter and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2004-10-25 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consistent, high-quality coding standards improve software quality, reduce time-to-market, promote teamwork, eliminate time wasted on inconsequential matters, and simplify maintenance. Now, two of the world's most respected C++ experts distill the rich collective experience of the global C++ community into a set of coding standards that every developer and development team can understand and use as a basis for their own coding standards. The authors cover virtually every facet of C++ programming: design and coding style, functions, operators, class design, inheritance, construction/destruction, copying, assignment, namespaces, modules, templates, genericity, exceptions, STL containers and algorithms, and more. Each standard is described concisely, with practical examples. From type definition to error handling, this book presents C++ best practices, including some that have only recently been identified and standardized-techniques you may not know even if you've used C++ for years. Along the way, you'll find answers to questions like What's worth standardizing--and what isn't? What are the best ways to code for scalability? What are the elements of a rational error handling policy? How (and why) do you avoid unnecessary initialization, cyclic, and definitional dependencies? When (and how) should you use static and dynamic polymorphism together? How do you practice "safe" overriding? When should you provide a no-fail swap? Why and how should you prevent exceptions from propagating across module boundaries? Why shouldn't you write namespace declarations or directives in a header file? Why should you use STL vector and string instead of arrays? How do you choose the right STL search or sort algorithm? What rules should you follow to ensure type-safe code? Whether you're working alone or with others, C++ Coding Standards will help you write cleaner code--and write it faster, with fewer hassles and less frustration.
Download or read book PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND CONFERENCE ON FORMAL METHODS IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN FMCAD 2022 written by Alberto Griggio and published by TU Wien Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) is an annual conference on the theory and applications of formal methods in hardware and system in academia and industry for presenting and discussing groundbreaking methods, technologies, theoretical results, and tools for reasoning formally about computing systems. FMCAD covers formal aspects of computer-aided system testing.
Download or read book Operating Systems and Middleware written by Max Hailperin and published by Max Hailperin. This book was released on 2007 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By using this innovative text, students will obtain an understanding of how contemporary operating systems and middleware work, and why they work that way.
Download or read book Performance Analysis and Tuning on Modern CPUs written by and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020-11-16 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Performance tuning is becoming more important than it has been for the last 40 years. Read this book to understand your application's performance that runs on a modern CPU and learn how you can improve it. The 170+ page guide combines the knowledge of many optimization experts from different industries.
Download or read book IBM System Blue Gene Solution Blue Gene Q Application Development written by Megan Gilge and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This IBM® Redbooks® publication is one in a series of IBM books written specifically for the IBM System Blue Gene® supercomputer, Blue Gene/Q®, which is the third generation of massively parallel supercomputers from IBM in the Blue Gene series. This document provides an overview of the application development environment for the Blue Gene/Q system. It describes the requirements to develop applications on this high-performance supercomputer. This book explains the unique Blue Gene/Q programming environment. This book does not provide detailed descriptions of the technologies that are commonly used in the supercomputing industry, such as Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP). References to more detailed information about programming and technology are provided. This document assumes that readers have a strong background in high-performance computing (HPC) programming. The high-level programming languages that are used throughout this book are C/C++ and Fortran95. For more information about the Blue Gene/Q system, see "IBM Redbooks" on page 159.
Download or read book Computer Architecture written by John L. Hennessy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The computing world is in the middle of a revolution: mobile clients and cloud computing have emerged as the dominant paradigms driving programming and hardware innovation. This book focuses on the shift, exploring the ways in which software and technology in the 'cloud' are accessed by cell phones, tablets, laptops, and more
Download or read book Modern Compiler Implementation in C written by Andrew W. Appel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new, expanded textbook describes all phases of a modern compiler: lexical analysis, parsing, abstract syntax, semantic actions, intermediate representations, instruction selection via tree matching, dataflow analysis, graph-coloring register allocation, and runtime systems. It includes good coverage of current techniques in code generation and register allocation, as well as functional and object-oriented languages, that are missing from most books. In addition, more advanced chapters are now included so that it can be used as the basis for a two-semester or graduate course. The most accepted and successful techniques are described in a concise way, rather than as an exhaustive catalog of every possible variant. Detailed descriptions of the interfaces between modules of a compiler are illustrated with actual C header files. The first part of the book, Fundamentals of Compilation, is suitable for a one-semester first course in compiler design. The second part, Advanced Topics, which includes the advanced chapters, covers the compilation of object-oriented and functional languages, garbage collection, loop optimizations, SSA form, loop scheduling, and optimization for cache-memory hierarchies.
