Download or read book Analysis of Vegetation Fragmentation and Impacts Using Remote Sensing Techniques in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania written by Mercy Mwanikah Ojoyi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Conserving Biodiversity in East African Forests written by W.D. Newmark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tanzania is one of the most biologically diverse nations in the world. Traveling from west to east across Tanzania, one encounters an incredible array of ecosystems and species. Beginning at Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika, and Nyasa that form much of the western boundary of Tanzania, one finds the most diverse and some of the most spectacular concentrations of endemic fish in any of the world's lakes. Moving further inland from the lakes, one meets the woodlands and plains of Serengeti, Ngorongoro, Tarangire, and Lake Manyara. The assemblages and movements of large mammals in these protected areas are unparalleled worldwide. Traveling yet further to the east, one comes to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. Mount Kilimanjaro is of sufficient height to not only contain seven major vegetation zones, but also maintain permanent glaciers. Finally, shortly before arriving at the Indian Ocean, one encounters the Eastern Arc Mountains, a series of isolated and geologically ancient mountains, which due to their height and proximity to the Indian Ocean intercept sufficient precipitation to support, in many areas, moist tropical forest. The Eastern Arc Mountains are among the richest sites biologically in all of Africa and harbor unusually high concentrations of endemic species - species whose geographic distribution are restricted to these mountains. Unfortunately, much of Tanzania's biodiversity is threatened by habitat alteration, destruction, and exploitation. The Eastern Arc forests face some of the most severe threats to any of Tanzania's biologically unique sites.

Download or read book Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity of Uluguru Mountain Forests in Morogoro Region Tanzania written by David Sylvester Kacholi and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uluguru Mountains is one of the Eastern Arc Mountain blocks that stretch from Taita Hills in Kenya to Udzungwa Mountains in south-central Tanzania. The Uluguru Mountains contain several forest fragments, which are recognized as important biodiversity hotspots. The population pressure and encroachment threatens their biodiversity values. This study analyses (1) species richness, diversity, floristic similarity and structure of trees species (DBH ≥ 10 cm) in the forest fragments in Uluguru, (2) Understory species composition and natural regeneration of the fragments (3) changes in species richness, diversity and tree density along the edge-interior gradient in the fragments and (4) indigenous tree use, use values and human population impacts on tree density and species richness in Uluguru forest fragments. In the overstory layer (i.e. DBH ≥ 10 cm) examination of 900 individual trees revealed 101 species, 73 genera and 31 families. Fabaceae and Moraceae were the most speciose and important families in terms of familial importance value (FIV). The five species with the highest species importance value (IVI) were Ehretia amoena, Khaya anthotheca, Synsepalum cerasiferum, Sorindeia madagascariensis, Diospyros squarrosa, all accounting for 27 % of the total IVI. Of the total observed species, 31 % had up to two individuals while 15 % occurred only once in all the sample plots. The studied forests differed significantly in their species richness (26 - 93 species ha-1), tree density (85 - 390 stems ha-1), basal area (3 - 24 m2 ha-1) and diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener 2.50 - 4.02; Fishers 6.8 - 35.5; and Simpson 9.4 - 63.1). The forest fragment size revealed positive correlation with species richness (r = 0.92), trees density (r = 0.66) and basal area (r = 0.28). In general, the larger forests (Kilengwe and Kimboza) had higher species richness, which might be due to high environmental heterogeneity within the forests. However, the small fragments should be given priority in conservation to avoid loss of species. The dendogram revealed four clusters of forests with low similarity between them, the closer the forests were to one another, the more similar in floristic composition. The significant negative association between geographical distance and floristic similarity among forest pairs was confirmed by correlation test (r = -0.43, p

Download or read book The Impact of Woodland Cover Loss on Community Access to Woodfuels and the Prospects for a Just Rural Energy Transition in the Eastern Arc Mountains written by Eliamini Filemon Niarira Ahadiel and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assessed the impact of woodland loss on community woodfuel access and the prospects for a just energy transition in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. The study used remote sensing analysis, a household survey, and key informant interview to answer the research questions. The remote sensing analysis indicated that Same District experienced a substantial woodland loss of 37.4% from 2001 to 2020, which indicates an annual rate of woodland loss of 2.0%. The analysis proceeded to examine changes in rural energy access in villages experiencing different levels of woodland loss. Household survey and key informant data demonstrate that the loss of woodland cover has impacted the ability of communities to access woodfuel, with many households reporting longer travel distances and increased time spent collecting wood. The study also assessed the prospects for a just rural energy transition in rural Tanzania by evaluating potential transitions toward alternative energy sources and the role of local government and other stakeholders in such transitions, suggesting government and civil society support could open viable pathways of change. Policymakers and government should increase their support in promoting just rural energy transition to thousands of villages in Tanzania to ensure more widespread support for village government institutions to pursue more effective by-laws and protection of woodlands in a way that does not overburden the poorest and least energy secure sections of rural communities.

Download or read book Late Quaternary Vegetation Reconstruction from the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recent Advances in Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Processing for Land Degradation Assessment written by Achim Roeder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-04-23 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land degradation and desertification are amongst the most severe threats to human welfare and the environment, as they affect the livelihoods of some 2 billion people in the worlds drylands, and they are directly connected to pressing global environmental problems, such as the loss of biological diversity or global climate change. Strategies to co

Download or read book Indigenous Forests Fragmentation and the Significance of Ethnic Forests for Conservation in the North Pare the Eastern Arc Mountains Tanzania written by Jussi Ylhäisi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial Modelling Phytogeography and Conservation in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya written by Philip Platts and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forests in the Eastern Arc Mountains are amongst the oldest and most biodiverse on Earth. They are a global priority for conservation and provide ecosystem services to millions of people. This thesis explores how spatial modelling can provide direction for conservation and botanical survey, and contribute to understanding of phytogeographical relationships. The ecoregion is rigorously defined by terrain complexity, vegetation distribution and established geoclimatic divisions, providing a coherent platform upon which to collate and monitor biological and socioeconomic information. Accordingly, 570 vascular plant taxa (species, subspecies and varieties) are found to be strictly endemic. The human population exceeds two million, with median density more than double the Tanzania average. Population pressure (accrued across the landscape) is shown to be greatest adjacent to the most floristically unique forests. Current knowledge on species distributions is subject to sampling bias, but could be systematically improved by iterative application of the bioclimatic models presented here, combined with targeted fieldwork. Tree data account for 80% of botanical records, but only 18% of endemic plant species; since conservation priorities differ by plant growth form, future fieldwork should aim to redress the balance. Concentrations of rare species correlate most strongly with moisture availability, whilst overall richness is better predicted by temperature gradients. Climate change impacts are projected to be highly variable, both across space and between species. Concordant with the theory that past climatic stability facilitated the accumulation of rare species, contemporary climates at sites of known endemic richness are least likely to be lost from dispersal-limiting mountain blocs during the 21st century. Faced with rapid population growth and the uncertainty of climate change, priorities for governance are to facilitate sustainable forest use and to maintain/restore habitat connectivity wherever possible. Overall, the thesis demonstrates that decision makers concerned with biodiversity conservation, particularly in mountain and coastal regions, should be wary of inferring local patterns of change from broad-scale models. The current study is a step toward spatially refined understanding of conservation priorities in the Eastern Arc Mountains, whilst novel methodologies have wider application in the fields of species distribution modelling and mountain analysis.

Download or read book Vegetation History of a Biodiversity Hotspot written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reforestation Planning in the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rural reforestation planning is critical to the success of many conservation initiatives in the humid tropics. Although often neglected, careful planning can have a profound impact on the success or failure of such initiatives. The first step in developing a conservation intiative is to accurately quantify existing forest resources for prioritization of areas for intervention efforts. Next, planners must consider the interaction of people and environment to develop site-specific plans which maximize potential sustainability. This thesis develops a reforestation planning methodology for communities adjacent to mountain rainforests in Tanzania. The forests within this 2,200 km2 mountain range harbor many endemic species and provide critical water catchment protection. The study first quantifies forest distribution using LandSat 7 ETM satellite image data for one of the more signifcant ranges in the Eastern Arc Mountains, the West Usambaras. The study then describes forest fragmentation using a variety of landscape metrics. The planning process then focuses on one watershed, the Mkolo River drainage in the southeastern West Usambaras. Using GIS and remote sensing techniques, this study incorporates environmental needs assessments, forest regeneration potential, and socioeconomic requirements of local communities to account for the varying services that tree planting provides. This study accounts for these services accounted in a spatially explicit forestry intervention need index (FINI). This multi-stage assessment of natural resource distribution and use develops a procedural methodology that is critical in planning and implementing reforestation projects in species-rich tropical regions.

Download or read book Evaluation of forest fragmentation and land use change patterns using remote sensing techniques and field methods written by Friederike Elisa Naegeli Naegeli and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forest Conservation in the East Usambara Mountains Tanzania written by IUCN Tropical Forest Programme and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1989 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biodiversity and Conservation of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya written by Neil D. Burgess and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Checklist of Literature on Vegetation Analysis and Remote Sensing Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of Land Degradation and Its Consequences written by Boniface Peter Mbilinyi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrating Remote Sensing and Field Observations to Investigate the Impacts of Vegetation Dynamics on Emergent Ecological and Hydrological Processes at the Watershed Scale written by Mahsa Khodaee and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-scale forest dynamics, mostly driven by climate change and disturbance activities, have great implications for forest biodiversity, and ecosystem structures and services. Therefore, monitoring these changes over space and time is critical to improve our understanding of forest responses to climate change and disturbance activities. In this dissertation, remote sensing data were employed in statistical and machine learning (ML) approaches to characterize forest disturbances (infestation and fire) and long-term phenological changes at the eastern United States. Further, vegetation phenological information were integrated with field measurements of meteorological parameters to evaluate hydrologic alterations of forested watersheds. More specifically, three objectives are the focus of this dissertation: (1) developing an accurate approach to characterize the spectral-temporal trajectory of forest disturbances using long-term satellite observations, (2) evaluating the impacts of both vegetation and snowpack seasonal dynamics on emergent watershed-scale hydrologic behavior over vernal and autumnal transition periods, and (3) mapping fire-induced changes in forested landscapes using the combined approach of remote sensing and ML techniques.In the first chapter, using time series analysis of remote sensing imagery, we evaluated the performance of well-known spectral indices in capturing vegetation dynamics following the two major disturbances, fire and hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae Annad) infestation. Our results suggested that the overall performance of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was the most accurate in detecting disturbances intensity, temporal dynamics, and recovery patterns. Results obtained from our second chapter demonstrated that the lengthened growing season and declined winter snowpack can significantly alter the low-frequency seasonal streamflow distributions by changing the seasonality of evapotranspiration. Our findings also suggested that with continuous declines in winter snowfall, the effect of snowpack dynamics on identifying the seasonal streamflow regimes has weakened, while vegetation phenology has exerted more dominant control. In the third study of this dissertation, we evaluated the performance of four ML classification techniques in estimating fire severity, using spectral indices, topographic parameters, and surface temperature (ST) variables from remote sensing data. We found that Random Forest (RF) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models had high predictive capability to detect fire severity in regions with mixes of low to medium fire disturbances. Results also indicated that spectral indices, especially Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Tasseled Cap Wetness index (TCW), elevation, aspect and growing season ST had higher relative contributions to fire severity prediction than other variables.

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve written by Solomon Sembosi and published by Grin Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Regional Geography, course: Ecosystems Science and Management, language: English, abstract: This study assesses land use and land cover changes and the causes of such changes in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Remote sensing and GIS techniques were used to quantify and analyze the trend in land use and land cover changes over the past 20 years whereby satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were used. Moreover, household surveys, direct field observations and focus group discussions were employed to obtain socioeconomic factors that influence changes in land use and land cover. Population Census data of 2002 and 2012 were utilized to identify population density for the villages surrounding the reserve. The results indicated a major expansion of agriculture from 169.33 ha in 1995, 282.16 ha in 2008 to 902.54 ha in 2015. There was an increase of built-up areas from 36.50 ha in 1995, 911.56 ha in 2008 to 1792.92 ha in 2015 at the expense of other land covers. The identified influences for such changes include population pressure, unemployment, landless, agricultural expansion, fire and need for energy sources (e.g. firewood and charcoal). Recent increase in population and anthropogenic activities is a threat to conservation and thus should be discouraged in order to restore the degraded areas and for the sustainability of the biodiversity in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Magamba Nature Reserve in Lushoto District Tanzania has experienced and continues to experience major land use changes and land cover loss in natural vegetation. This has resulted in biodiversity loss, local climate change, soil erosion and forest degradation. Therefore, understanding of changes occurring in such ecosystem is of vital importance for establishing management activities. It has been lately indicated that these problems are mainly due to anthropogenic activities as this district is among the rural ar