Download or read book Analysing Inequalities in Germany written by Alexander Silbersdorff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-23 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks new perspectives on the growing inequalities that our societies face, putting forward Structured Additive Distributional Regression as a means of statistical analysis that circumvents the common problem of analytical reduction to simple point estimators. This new approach allows the observed discrepancy between the individuals’ realities and the abstract representation of those realities to be explicitly taken into consideration using the arithmetic mean alone. In turn, the method is applied to the question of economic inequality in Germany.
Download or read book Social Inequality in Germany An Analysis of Wealth and Income Distribution since 1990 written by and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-08-08 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2023 in the subject Economics - Other, grade: 1,7, University of Ulm (Wirtschaftswissenschaften), course: Topics in Inequality and Poverty, language: English, abstract: Many people in Germany are afraid of the high inflation rate and worry about their economic situation. According to the Hans Böckler Foundation, the Covid-19 pandemic has not only increased this uncertainty of citizens but also social inequality in Germany. In order to find out and understand the reasons for the uncertainties and fears within the German society, the following report analyzes the distribution of income and wealth in recent years in the period 1990 - 2021. The developments in the distributions are examined with the help of empirically collected data from public institutions. With the distribution of income and wealth and the equality of opportunity within a society, social inequalities can be identified in quantitative terms. This is done using the Gini coefficient, which is a standard statistical measure used to determine the inequality of a distribution. In this context, the term income refers to all income in the form of money or material goods received by a person, a household, or a company within a defined period of time. The term wealth refers to all valued durable goods and rights such as real estate, securities, or cash of a person, a company, or an economy. Equal opportunities can also be used as a reference to determine social inequality. Every citizen has the right to freely develop his or her personality, regardless of whether one comes from a rich, poor, religious, or colored family. No one should have disadvantages in their educational and personal development opportunities, regardless of the income level of their parents. This is not yet the case even in the year 2022, because, among other things, the school success or the job search, depend on the financial situation of the parents and the actions of influential persons.
Download or read book Intervening Educational Inequality in Germany written by Franziska Gehrig and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2021 in the subject Sociology - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0, University of Tubingen (Institut für Soziologie), course: Nature vs. Nurture? Childhood Inequalities from an interdisciplinary perspective, language: English, abstract: Education produces and reprodues inequality. Germany still scores at the top in social inequality in the education system compared to other European countries. Differences in families’ given resources as unequally distributed starting conditions can, in principle, be compensated by schools. However, reality differs. Three main improvement areas are identified: schooling, kindergarten and school types/ tracking. These are based on an analysis of the determinants of educational success and inequality, the primary and secondary effects of social origin in the German education system. This paper focuses on pre-school, primary and secondary education and aims to find empirically based answers for inequalities and disadvantages. Five hypotheses are tested via reviewing studies and literature. The main findings are that summer schools have a significant effect on the performance of children and are able to reverse the phenomenon of performance fallback of low SES children and children with migration background – especially when German is their second language. Additionally, the usefulness of kindergarten, nurseries and KiTa’s for improving language skills of children with migration background and for overall compensating family resources is well known and acknowledged. Gesamtschulen show an impressionable impact on reducing secondary effects of social orgin. However, the most promising hypothesis to delay or abolish the (early) tracking lacks strong evidence and empirical data for Germany – no final conclusion can be drawn here.
Download or read book Earnings Inequality in Germany A Decomposition analysis written by Ulrike Stein and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Did the Corona Crisis widen the gap between rich and poor An Analysis of Economic Inequality in Germany during the Corona Crisis written by Julian Horn and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, grade: 1,3, Berlin School of Economics and Law, language: English, abstract: This Master's thesis aims to address the in the media, politics and academia recurring issue of economic inequality against the background of the Corona crisis in Germany. Through a deductive literature analysis, the research question to what extend the economic inequality in Germany changed during the Corona crisis is answered. Due to the Corona pandemic that broke out in March 2020, almost all countries in the world were forced to contain the spread of infections as quickly as possible to not overburden healthcare systems. Severe restrictions were imposed almost worldwide, in some cases lasting already several months. In Germany two phases of severe residual restrictions, one beginning in March 2020 and another beginning in October 2020, also have persistently brought public life to a virtual standstill, thus having a considerable impact on the corresponding economic strength. In addition to growth losses, high national debts, and other socioeconomic consequences the redistribution of economic assets and change in economic inequality has been controversially discussed in academia as well as in the media and thus crystallised as a current problem statement for science and politics. Regarding the state of research, it can be noted that representative surveys and studies of income distribution have published valid results and analyses in relation to the Corona crisis. The longer-term effects of wealth distribution are less well researched at this point of time. This paper incorporates published data and studies up to May 2021.
Download or read book Three Groups of Immigrants in Germany written by Daniela Georges and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, international immigration has led to an increase in population diversity and a change in health profiles in Germany. This dissertation examines which determinants contribute to health inequalities in the context of a migrant background in Germany. The special focus is on the analysis of social and socio-structural characteristics to explain health differences between people with and without a migration background and within the population with a migration background.eng
Download or read book Occupational Tasks and Wage Inequality in Germany written by Miriam Koomen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the role of occupational tasks as drivers of West German wage inequality. We match administrative wage data with longitudinal task data, which allows us to account for within-occupation changes in task content over time. We run RIF regression-based decompositions to quantify the contribution of changes in the returns to tasks to overall changes in the wage distribution from 1978 to 2006. We find that changes in the returns to tasks explain up to half of the increase in wage inequality since the 1990s, both at the top and the bottom of the wage distribution. Specifically, abstract tasks drive the upper wage gap, while interactive and routine tasks drive the lower wage gap. Importantly, we find low-wage occupations to have the highest routine task intensity. The association between occupational tasks and West German wage inequality is thus both stronger and different than prior research has found.
Download or read book Migration and Inequality in Germany 1870 1913 written by Oliver Grant and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migration and Inequality in Germany 1870-1913 is a rigorous analysis of migration in Germany within the demographic and socio-economic contexts of the period studied. Focusing particularly on the rural labour market and the factors affecting it, it also examines the 'pull' factor to cities, and offers more nuanced interpretations of German industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. - ;Migration and Inequality in Germany 1870-1913 presents a new view of German history in the late nineteenth century. Dr Grant argues that many of the problems of Imperial Germany were.
Download or read book Imbalance written by Tobias Schulze-Cleven and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Germany is a central case for research on comparative political economy, which has inspired theorizing on national differences and historical trajectories. This book assesses Germany’s political economy after the end of the "social democratic" 20th century to rethink its dominant properties and create new opportunities for using the country as a powerful lens into the evolution of democratic capitalism. Documenting large-scale changes and new tensions in the welfare state, company strategies, interest intermediation, and macroeconomic governance, the volume makes the case for analysing contemporary Germany through the politics of imbalance rather than the long-standing paradigm of institutional stability. This conceptual reorientation around inequalities and disparities provides much-needed traction for clarifying the causal dynamics that govern ongoing processes of institutional recomposition. Delving into the politics of imbalance, the volume explicates the systemic properties of capitalism, multivalent policy feedback, and the organizational foundations of creative adjustment as key vantage points for understanding new forms of distributional conflict within and beyond Germany. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of German Politics.
Download or read book Changes in Inequality of Educational Opportunity written by Pia Nicoletta Blossfeld and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pia Nicoletta Blossfeld provides a long-term longitudinal analysis of the stepwise changes in transitions over the educational careers in East and West Germany using data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). She examines how far reforms aimed to increase the permeability in the German educational system have changed the movements of children, adolescents and young adults in Germany since the last four decades. Her book contributes to the literature of educational sociology by studying the associations between various resources of family background and respondent’s educational histories until final educational attainment. A novelty of her book is the analysis of the role of intercohort changes in social background composition on final educational attainment.
Download or read book The Evolution of Inequality of Opportunity in Germany written by Paolo Brunori and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that measures of inequality of opportunity (IOP) fully consistent with Roemer (1998)'s IOP theory can be straightforwardly estimated by adopting a machine learning approach, and apply our novel method to analyse the development of IOP in Germany during the last three decades. Hereby, we take advantage of information contained in 25 waves of the Socio-Economic Panel. Our analysis shows that in Germany IOP declined immediately after reunification, increased in the first decade of the century, and slightly declined again after 2010. Over the entire period, at the top of the distribution we always find individuals that resided in West-Germany before the fall of the Berlin Wall, whose fathers had a high occupational position, and whose mothers had a high educational degree. East-German residents in 1989, with low educated parents, persistently qualify at the bottom.
Download or read book Automation Robots and Wage Inequality in Germany written by Franziska Brall and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethnic Inequality in Vocational Education in Germany written by Karin Schuller and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explaining Rising Income Inequality in Germany 1991 2010 written by Kai Daniel Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inequality and Income Dynamics in Germany written by Moritz Drechsel-Grau and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide a comprehensive analysis of income inequality and income dynamics for Germany over the last two decades. Combining personal income tax and social security data allows us -- for the first time -- to offer a complete picture of the distribution of annual earnings in Germany. We find that cross-sectional inequality rose until 2009 for men and women. After the Great Recession inequality continued to rise at a slower rate for men and fell slightly for women due to compression at the lower tail. We further document substantial gender differences in average earnings and inequality over the life-cycle. While for men earnings rise and inequality falls as they grow older, many women reduce working hours when starting a family such that average earnings fall and inequality increases. Men's earnings changes are on average smaller than women's but are substantially more affected by the business cycle. During the Great Recession, men's earnings losses become magnified and gains are attenuated. Apart from recession years, earnings changes are significantly right-skewed reflecting the good overall state of the German labor market and increasing labor supply. In the second part of the paper, we study the distribution of total income including incomes of self-employed, business owners, and landlords. We find that total inequality increased significantly more than earnings inequality. Regarding income dynamics, entrepreneurs' income changes are more dispersed, less skewed, less leptokurtic and less dependent on average past income than workers' income changes. Finally, we find that top income earners have become less likely to fall out of the top 1 and 0.1 percent.
Download or read book A Comparison of Job Opportunities for Women in Germany and the UK written by Rieke Hinrichs and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2014-06-06 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: First Class, New College Durham (New College Durham/ Leeds Metropolitan University), language: English, abstract: The purpose of this project was to analyse to what extent gender equality has been achieved, which barriers still exist in female employment and to evaluate opportunities for women in the UK in comparison to those in Germany. The author reviewed a wide array of sources, such as studies, laws and articles, but the main analysis was done on the basis of extensive data that has been collected by the OECD and the World Economic Forum. Based on those findings, gender gaps concerning labour force participation, occupational sectors and types of work as well as wages and pensions were identified for both countries. More specifically this paper provides information on the main barriers for women in employment, the most important of which are maledominated corporate cultures and discrimination. Especially mothers experience barriers, like the lack of affordable childcare, insufficient flexible working options, or the fact that people who use those are disadvantaged as well as unequal contribution of unpaid work and childcare, despite laws that allow fathers to participate more in family life. During the whole project, the applicability of theories such as the ‘Glass Ceiling’, the ‘Sticky Floor’ or the ‘Opt-Out Revolution’ has been tested in order to identify reasons for inequality. Furthermore, measures which have already been taken against the existing barriers were described, and some that could be taken in the future were suggested. Differences between conditions for women in Germany and the UK have been analysed, compared and evaluated, with the result that the UK offers slightly better chances, but both countries achieve quite different results in particular categories. Depending on which aspects a woman puts emphasis on, this thesis can help to decide which country is best to live and raise a family in.
Download or read book Migration and Wage Inequality written by Ramona Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents new evidence on immigrant-native wage differentials estimated in consideration of regional differences regarding the presence of Non-German population in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2019 in Germany. Using linked employer-employee-data, unconditional quantile regression models are estimated in order to assess the degree of labor market integration of foreign workers. Applying an extended version of the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method, the results provide evidence on driving factors behind wage gaps along the entire wage distribution. There are not only changes in the relative importance of explanatory factors over time, but also possible sources of wage differentials shift between different points of the wage distribution. Differentiating between various areas in Germany, on average, larger wage gaps are revealed in metropolitan areas with at the same time a higher presence of the foreign population. Regarding the size of overall estimated wage gaps, after 2012 a reversal in trend and particular increasing tendencies around median wages are identified.
