Download or read book Analyses of the Seismic Characteristics of U S and Russian Cavity Decoupled Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a summary of the initial results of an on-going joint research program in which S-CUBED scientists are working with Russian scientists from the Institute for Dynamics of the Geospheres in an attempt to develop a better understanding of the effects of cavity decoupling on the seismic signals produced by underground nuclear explosions. This program includes analyses of seismic data recorded from a series of 10 tamped and 12 decoupled HE tests which were conducted in cavities of different sizes and shapes in Kirghizia in 1960, a theoretical evaluation of the influence of radiation diffusion effects on nuclear cavity decoupling efficiency and an analysis of data recorded from six small (0.01 to 0.50 kt) Russian nuclear tests conducted in a 32 m radius, water-filled cavity in salt at the Azgir test site. (MM).

Download or read book Analysis of the Seismic Characteristics of U S and Russian Cavity Decoupled Explosions written by J. R. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cavity decoupling evasion scenario remains as the greatest challenge to effective seismic monitoring of any eventual CTBT. However, despite the fact that the feasibility of this evasion concept was experimentally established nearly 30 years ago by the U.S. STERLING test, a number of issues of importance with respect to seismic monitoring still remain unresolved. In an attempt to address some of these issues, we have been working with scientists from the Russian Institute For Dynamics of the Geospheres to integrate the limited U.S. and Russian data and modeling experience into a uniform database on cavity decoupling. During the past year, our research has centered on analyses of data recorded from an extensive series of Russian HE cavity decoupling tests conducted in Kirghizia in 1960 and on analyses of seismic data recorded from six Russian nuclear tests conducted in a water-filled cavity at Azgir. The Kirghizia HE cavity decoupling series consisted of 10 tamped and 12 cavity tests in limestone, and included tests of the same yield in both spherical and nonspherical cavities of equal volume. Comparisons of near-field seismic data recorded from these tests indicate that the low frequency decoupling effectiveness is approximately independent of cavity shape for roughly cylindrical cavities with length to width ratios of 6 or more, in agreement with previous theoretical simulation results. Spectral analyses of waveform data recorded at the same distances from 1.0 ton tamped explosions and from a 1.0 ton decoupled test in a spherical cavity with a radius of 2.88 m indicate a maximum low frequency decoupling factor of about 25 for this test.

Download or read book Further Studies of the Seismic Characteristics of Russian Explosions in Cavities Implications for Cavity Decoupling of Underground Nuclear Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides a summary of the results of a joint research program under which scientists from S-CUBED have been working with scientists from the Russian Institute for Dynamics of the Geospheres in an attempt to develop a better understanding of the effects of cavity decoupling on the seismic signals produced by underground nuclear explosions. Investigations conducted under this program have focused on analyses of seismic data recorded from a series of HE cavity decoupling experiments conducted by the Russians in Kirghizia in 1960, and from a sequence of nuclear tests conducted in a water-filled cavity at the Soviet Azgir test site during the period 1975-1979. The Kirghizia series included tests designed to assess the influence of cavity geometry on decoupling effectiveness, and comparisons of near-field seismic data recorded from these tests indicate that the low frequency decoupling factor is independent of cavity shape for elongated cavities with length to width ratios of 6 or more, in agreement with previous theoretical simulation results. Broadband seismic data recorded from the Azgir water-filled cavity tests are analyzed to estimate cavity/tamped source spectral ratios, and the results are compared with theoretical finite difference simulations of these tests.

Download or read book Seismic Identification Analyses of Cavity Decoupled Nuclear and Chemical Explosions written by John R. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Source Processes and Explosion Yield Estimation written by Goran Ekstrom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pure appl. geophys., by 161 nations. Entry of the treaty into force, however, is still uncertain since it requires ratification by all 44 nations that have some nuclear capability and, as of 15 June 2001, only 31 of those nations have done so. Although entry of the CTBT into force is still uncertain, seismologists and scientists in related fields, such as radionuclides, have proceeded with new research on issues relevant to monitoring compliance with it. Results of much of that research may be used by the International Monitoring System, headquartered in Vienna, and by several national centers and individual institutions, to monitor compliance with the CTBT. New issues associated with CTBT monitoring in the 21st century have presented scientists with many new challenges. They must be able to effectively monitor com pliance by several countries that have not previously been nuclear powers. Effective monitoring requires that we be able to detect and locate much smaller nuclear events than ever before and to distinguish them from small earthquakes and other types of explosions. We must have those capabilities in regions that are seismically active and geologically complex, and where seismic waves might not propagate efficiently.

Download or read book Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty written by Eystein S. Husebye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international treaty banning the testing of any nuclear device in any environment - a comprehensive test ban treaty (CTBT) - has been on the political agenda for nearly 40 years. Objections to a CTBT have been political, technical, or a combination of both. However, the possibilities seem better after the end of the Cold War. In the prevailing, cooperative disarmament climate a CTBT appears likely to be approved by most countries in 1996. Hence the great current interest in monitoring technologies and capabilities. Such issues are comprehensively addressed here, a preamble being devoted to the political developments and setbacks over the past 40 years. Since seismic means are considered the dominant monitoring element, they are explored in detail. Contributions cover network deployments, advanced signal processing, wave propagation in heterogeneous media, and seismic source representations, and a variety of techniques for source classification (including neural networks). Complementary monitoring techniques, such as hydroacoustics, radionuclides and infrasound, are also summarised. The IAEA operation for monitoring compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty is also presented. The book also includes eyewitness accounts of the Soviet 50 Mt megabomb development and test, as well as the efforts made by the state to monitor the nuclear test programmes of the western powers. Includes some 33 articles written by distinguished scientists active in CTBT monitoring research for decades.

Download or read book Analysis and Simulation of Cavity Decoupled Chemical Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze data from two sets of decoupled chemical explosions. NORSAR has obtained data from seven decoupled chemical explosions conducted from 1987-2002 in Alvdalen, Sweden, recorded both in he near field and on regional seismic stations NORES, HAGFORS, and NORSAR. The explosions were conducted in three granite chambers at a depth of approximately 100 meters in chambers with volumes of 200, 300 and 1000 m and yields ranging from 2500 kg to 10,000 kg. The smallest explosion in the largest chamber is almost fully decoupled while the other explosions are partially coupled, overdriven by up to a factor of 25. The data show that decoupling remains fairly constant for overdrive up to about a factor of 10, then decreases rapidly at higher yields. 1D and 3D simulations of these explosions are performed to model the data. IDG has digitized a set of surface seismic data recorded from a series of Soviet high-explosive cavity decoupling tests conducted in a mine in Kirghizia in the summer of 1960.

Download or read book The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-29 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews and updates the 2002 National Research Council report, Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). This report also assesses various topics, including: the plans to maintain the safety and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile without nuclear-explosion testing; the U.S. capability to detect, locate, and identify nuclear explosions; commitments necessary to sustain the stockpile and the U.S. and international monitoring systems; and potential technical advances countries could achieve through evasive testing and unconstrained testing. Sustaining these technical capabilities will require action by the National Nuclear Security Administration, with the support of others, on a strong scientific and engineering base maintained through a continuing dynamic of experiments linked with analysis, a vigorous surveillance program, adequate ratio of performance margins to uncertainties. This report also emphasizes the use of modernized production facilities and a competent and capable workforce with a broad base of nuclear security expertise.

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 938 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Nuclear Proliferation and Policy written by Joseph Pilat and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new Handbook is a comprehensive examination of the rich and complex issues of nuclear proliferation in the early 21st century. The future of the decades-long effort to prevent the further spread of weapons of mass destruction is at a crossroads today. If international nonproliferation efforts are to be successful, an integrated, multi-tiered response will almost certainly be necessary. A serious, thorough, and clear-eyed examination of the range of threats, challenges, and opportunities facing the international community is a necessary first step. This Handbook, which presents the most up-to-date analysis and policy recommendations on these critical issues by recognized, leading scholars in the field, intends to provide such an examination. The volume is divided into three major parts: Part I presents detailed threat assessments of proliferation risks across the globe, including specific regions and countries. Part II explains the various tools developed by the international community to address these proliferation threats. Part III addresses the proliferation risks and political challenges arising from nuclear energy production, including potential proliferation by aspiring states and nonstate groups. This Handbook will be of great interest to students and practitioners of nuclear proliferation, arms control, global governance, diplomacy, and global security and IR general.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Two Decoupled Explosion Simulations written by Thomas C. Bache and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two axisymmetric ground motion calculations were carried out by Applied Theory, Incorporated to simulate 25 kt decoupled nuclear explosions in mined cavities in salt. One cavity was spherical with a radius of 66 meters while the other was a 3/1 aspect ratio ellipsoid of revolution. Both had the same volume. Results of the two calculations were analyzed to determine the character of the teleseismic body and surface waves. The spherically symmetric portion of the field is slightly (20-25%) smaller for the spherical cavity. Compared to results of tamped explosions, the decoupling factor for this case is about 140 at one Hertz. The radiation from the ellipsoidal cavity is substantially perturbed from spherical symmetry; the maximum S wave amplitudes are nearly three times as large as maximum P wave amplitudes at 1.0 Hz. However, theoretical body and surface wave seismograms indicate that the M sub B and M sub S values are not substantially different for the two cavities.

Download or read book Optimum Frequencies for Regional Detection of Cavity decoupled Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The natures of compressional (P) waves that originate in the crust, propagate in the crust and upper mantle, and are observed as Pg, Pn, and anti P waves at regional distances are examined. The discussion includes the observed variations of amplitude with epicentral distance for these waves as well as an estimate of values for the specific dissipation function Q/sub .cap alpha./ in different regions. Studies were made on theoretical source and propagation functions for direct, reflected, and head waves as approximations for the observed Pg, anti P, and Pn, respectively. It was concluded that the classical (critically refracted) head wave is not very significant in regional observations, and that the related interference head wave and diving wave are more likely observed as Pn. Using an assumed seismic noise spectrum and the constant Q/sub .cap alpha./ model for seismic attenuation, relations were derived for the frequencies corresponding to maximum signal-to-noise ratio for the classical and interference head waves and for the direct, reflected, and diving waves. The relations among seismic frequency, epicentral distance, anelastic attenuation, and explosion yield are illustrated for a simple source and propagation model.

Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regional Analysis of Former Soviet Union Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Recorded in the Former Soviet Union written by V. Adushkin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the late 80's information on Soviet underground nuclear explosions, let alone seismic recording on Soviet soil, were not generally available to the seismological community. The dramatic changes since then have resulted in access to a wide variety of seismic data from Soviet explosions. In this report we present a data set, unique to the field of seismic verification. The data includes a large number of waveforms from in-country seismological station Borovoye for the Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions with announced yields and origin times, some with physical and mechanical conditions at the test site. The waveforms were recorded by digital station of different types. In this report we have summarized and reviewed information on 122 explosions, and 55 waveforms in this data set, which contains recordings obtained in the course of more than 15 years. As the characteristics of recording instruments were changing during this period of time available information on instrument calibrations is also described and reviewed. We also have attempted to describe the observed peculiarities of P-wave by using a simple source function and magnitude correction which take in attention such parameters as the velocity of longitudinal wave, density, moisture, gas content and depth of explosion. More detail analysis was conducted for the explosions conducted in salt as there is representative sample and they were observed on local distances.