Download or read book An Investigation Into the Optimal Call Premium for Callable Convertible Bonds written by Gerald William Buetow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Convertible Bonds in Corporate Finance written by Pollarat Ekkayokkaya and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis makes three main contributions to the literature on convertible bond financing. First, we provide a new theoretical explanation for convertible bond financing. Unlike the existing theory, our new theory provides a rationale for the issuance of both callable and non-callable convertible bonds. We also undertake empirical tests of the implications of the new theory and find that the new theory is supported by the empirical evidence. Second, we empirically examine the way in which firms choose the design of convertible bonds and investigate the effect of financial constraints on the firms' convertible design decision. Consistent with our new theory, we find that the design of convertible bonds is influenced by both adverse selection costs and financial distress costs. Moreover, we find that the design of convertible bonds for relatively constrained firms is determined in a different manner from the design of convertible bonds for relatively unconstrained firms. Our findings suggest that taking into account the effect of financial constraints is important in the understanding of convertible design decisions. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to document the effect of financial constraints on choice of convertible design. Third, we empirically examine two alternative explanations for the late call of a convertible bond: the "optimal" call theory of Butler (2002) and the financial distress costs theory of Jaffee and Shleifer (1990). In contrast to the existing evidence reported in Altintig and Butler (2005), we find that the observed late calls cannot be explained by the effect of the notice period as incorporated in the optimal call theory of Butler (2002). The observed conversion premium is much higher than Butler's optimal conversion premium. On the other hand, we find strong empirical support for the financial distress costs theory. Firms do not make a conversion-forcing call until the conversion premium is large enough to avoid a failed conversion, which could give rise to financial distress. We find that by the time a call is made, the probability of failed conversion is very small and the cross-sectional variation in the conversion premium is mainly explained by potential distress costs.

Download or read book Analyzing Callable and Convertible Bonds When the Modigliani Miller Assumptions are Violated written by Chris Hennessy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze callable, convertible, and callable-convertible bonds in a dynamic model with restructuring, taxation, and transaction/bankruptcy costs. In this setting, calling when conversion value equals call price is not generally optimal. Late (early) calls are optimal when the conversion ratio is high (low) and the debt coupon is low (high). If volatility is fixed, pure callable bonds with a substantial call premium maximize firm value, committing equity to second-best restructuring policies. Convertibles are dominated in this context, since the backdoor equity component of the bond is tax-inefficient. The model is extended to allow for instantaneous risk shifting. Call provisions shorten effective maturity, but are not sufficient to induce hedging. Convertible bonds induce hedging, and the optimal conversion ratio trades off incentive provision against tax costs. Convertibles dominate pure callable bonds only when costs of risk shifting are sufficiently high. Although they mitigate risk shifting incentives, no convertible bond can induce global hedging, since equity is infinitely risk loving near default. In addition, convertible bonds exacerbate underinvestment incentives, since conversion privileges reduce marginal q.

Download or read book Optimal Policies of Call with Notice Period Requirement for Callable American Warrants and Convertible Bonds written by Min Dai and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When an American warrant or convertible bond is called by its issuer, the holder is usually given a notice period to decide either selling the derivative back to the issuer at the call price or exercising the conversion right. Several earlier papers have shown that such notice period requirement may substantially affect the optimal call policy adopted by the issuer. In this paper, we perform theoretical studies on the impact of the notice period requirement on issuer's optimal call policy for American warrants and convertible bonds. We also examine how the optimal call policy of the issuer interacts with holder's optimal conversion policy.

Download or read book Valuation and Optimal Strategies of Convertible Bonds written by Szu-Lang Liao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a contingent claim valuation of a callable convertible bond with the issuer's credit risk. The optimal call, voluntary conversion and bankruptcy strategies are jointly determined by shareholders and bondholders to maximize the equity value and the bond value, respectively. Our model not only incorporates tax benefits, bankruptcy costs, refunding costs and a call notice period, but also takes account of the issuer's debt size and structure. The numerical results show that the predicted optimal call policies are generally consistent with recent empirical findings; therefore calling convertible bonds too late or too early can be rational.

Download or read book Game Options Analysis of the Information Role of Call Policies in Convertible Bonds written by Chi Man Leung and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In debt financing, existence of information asymmetry on the firm quality between the firm management and bond investors may lead to significant adverse selection costs. We develop the two-stage sequential dynamic two-person game option models to analyze the market signaling role of the callable feature in convertible bonds. We show that firms with positive private information on earning potential may signal their type to investors via the callable feature in a convertible bond. We present the variational inequalities formulation with respect to various equilibrium strategies in the two-person game option models via characterization of the optimal stopping rules adopted by the bond issuer and bondholders. The bondholders' belief system on the firm quality may be revealed with the passage of time when the issuer follows his optimal strategy of declaring call or bankruptcy. Under separating equilibrium, the quality status of the firm is revealed so the information asymmetry game becomes a new game under complete information. To analyze pooling equilibrium, the corresponding incentive compatibility constraint is derived. We manage to deduce the sufficient conditions for the existence of signaling equilibrium of our game option model under information asymmetry. We analyze how the callable feature may lower the adverse selection costs in convertible bond financing. We show how low quality firm may benefit from information asymmetry and vice versa, underpricing of the value of debt issued by a high quality firm.

Download or read book Call Features and Term to Maturity of Callable Foreign Bonds written by Vince Hooper and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper models the value of "embedded" options in foreign bonds, using stochastic calculus, by assuming that the exchange rate follows a geometric Brownian motion process and the arrival time of an early redemption of the bond by the issuer conforms to a negative exponential distribution. The solution to the stochastic model shows that there is a relationship between the call premium and the expected time to the call. Therefore, the magnitude of the call premium can be viewed as a signal to the market on the firm's or a government treasury's expectations about the future level of interest rates and possible refinancing strategies.

Download or read book Global Convertible Investing written by Hart Woodson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2001-12-18 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proven convertible investing approaches from a global leader Global Convertible Investing: The Gabelli Way offers novice and experienced investors alike a comprehensive guide. In-depth analysis takes readers step-by-step through the process of understanding what convertibles are, how to value and price them, how to identify convertibles with potential, and how to profit from them. The proven approaches of the Gabelli Asset Management firm gives readers an inside perspective on option pricing theory, convertible valuation techniques, mandatory convertible securities, and much more. With Global Convertible Investing: The Gabelli Way readers will be able to learn from the firm's proven methods and approaches and apply them to use convertibles as a profitable investment vehicle for themselves.

Download or read book What Do We Learn from Call Provision Terms written by Eric A. Powers and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I investigate the determinants of whether a fixed-price callable corporate bond is callable at par or at a premium. I first show that something as simple as the time-series ratio of par to premium-callable bonds is highly dependent on whether one is using SDC, FISD or Bloomberg as a data source. Using FISD, which has the most comprehensive coverage of no-investment grade debt, I find that par-callable bonds are almost exclusively utilized by financial issuers in shorter term and smaller debt offerings that are often shelf-registered. Controlling for those factors, I find that call premiums are chosen in ways that support agency theoretic, asymmetric information, and tax arbitrage models of optimal call premiums.

Download or read book Valuing Convertible Bonds Under the Assumption of Stochastic Interest Rates written by Peter Carayannopoulos and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Callable Convertible Bonds written by Tanweer Hasan and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Time Value Expropriation and Convertible Bonds Calls written by Emanuele Bajo and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of convertible bonds are issued with a callability provision. This allows the issuer to redeem the bond before the maturity date, when, doubtlessly, this is economically convenient for the firm. According to Ingersoll's theory, this condition occurs as soon as convertible value reaches call price. As Ingersoll and many others scholars afterward noticed, although this is the optimal behavior, generally firms delay calls until the bond price is, in average, more than 40% above the call price, giving so a unjustified gift to bondholders. In the last 20 years several possible explanations in the literature have been proposed.Looking at Italian experience, very few calls has been announced in the last years. To verify if this phenomenon can be considered as a strong inefficiency of Italian firms, I investigated a 14 years window, taking the whole universe of convertible bonds listed at Milan Stock Exchange from 1985 to 1998. In my sample of 85 convertible bond issues, I tested main existing theories, following a similar analysis conducted by Asquith (1995). However, a more complete explanation of call policies has been reached when we added in the analysis a new hypothesis: time value expropriation.

Download or read book Valuation of Callable Convertible Bond With Parisian Feature Using Finite Element Method written by Pu Gong and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To protect the conversion privilege from being called away too soon, the bond indenture commonly contains hard call constraint and soft call constraint, which makes the valuation for the convertible bond more complicated. In this paper, a valuation model for a callable convertible bond with Parisian feature and notice period requirement is presented here using the arbitrage-free valuation method. Different from the existing works, we analyze the interaction between the optimal call policy and the optimal conversion policy based on the game theory analysis of options. Moreover, the finite element method is adopted to solving the pricing model and the projected successive over-relaxation technique is used to handling the American constraint. Finally, the convertible bond issued by China Merchants Bank is taken for an example to illustrate how the model works. Results show that notice period and Parisian feature have significant effect on the value of convertible bond and the optimal policies, and the so called quot;delayed callquot; phenomena has got some explanations here.

Download or read book The Handbook of Convertible Bonds written by Jan De Spiegeleer and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2011-03-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a complete guide to the pricing and risk management of convertible bond portfolios. Convertible bonds can be complex because they have both equity and debt like features and new market entrants will usually find that they have either a knowledge of fixed income mathematics or of equity derivatives and therefore have no idea how to incorporate credit and equity together into their existing pricing tools. Part I of the book covers the impact that the 2008 credit crunch has had on the markets, it then shows how to build up a convertible bond and introduces the reader to the traditional convertible vocabulary of yield to put, premium, conversion ratio, delta, gamma, vega and parity. The market of stock borrowing and lending will also be covered in detail. Using an intuitive approach based on the Jensen inequality, the authors will also show the advantages of using a hybrid to add value - pre 2008, many investors labelled convertible bonds as 'investing with no downside', there are of course plenty of 2008 examples to prove that they were wrong. The authors then go onto give a complete explanation of the different features that can be embedded in convertible bond. Part II shows readers how to price convertibles. It covers the different parameters used in valuation models: credit spreads, volatility, interest rates and borrow fees and Maturity. Part III covers investment strategies for equity, fixed income and hedge fund investors and includes dynamic hedging and convertible arbitrage. Part IV explains the all important risk management part of the process in detail. This is a highly practical book, all products priced are real world examples and numerical examples are not limited to hypothetical convertibles. It is a must read for anyone wanting to safely get into this highly liquid, high return market.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Stochastic Operations Research written by Tadashi Dohi and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2007 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations research uses quantitative models to analyze and predict the behavior of systems and to provide information for decision makers. Two key concepts in operations research are optimization and uncertainty. This volume consists of a collection of peer reviewed papers from the International Workshop on Recent Advances in Stochastic Operations Research (RASOR 2005), August 25-26, 2005, Canmore, Alberta, Canada. In particular, the book focusses on models in stochastic operations research, including queueing models, inventory models, financial engineering models, reliability models, and simulations models.

Download or read book Handbook of Hybrid Instruments written by Israel Nelken and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable tool to steer readers thought the complex maze of hybrid instruments! Hybrid instruments - essentially bonds with an equity component - are found in a multitude of guises. This generic heading encompasses a seemingly endless array of financial instruments, including convertible bonds, mandatory convertibles, reverse convertibles, preferred shares, ELKS, DECS and Lyons. Within each one of these instruments are found a wide range of variations and features. These include reset, negative pledge, screw and forced conversion clauses, as well as step up coupons, call schedules, call options with soft and hard protection etc. The range of possibilities can seem bewildering, but it is this very flexibility which proves a huge attraction for investors, issuers and financial institutions. On the sell side companies issue these securities and corporate service departments advise on the type of options to include in them. On the buy side, investment managers seek to build portfolios with limited risk exposure using these securities and hedge funds utilise arbitrage opportunities between the convertible bond and the common share. The opportunities are endless but the seemingly labyrinthine complexities can prove daunting. The Handbook of Hybrid Instruments helps steer a clear path through the maze. Izzy Nelken has drawn together a team of experts to provide in-depth analysis of many of the key issues that both sellers and buyers require in order to operate effectively and profitably. A general introduction is followed by specific information on key clauses and variations, valuation methods, the impact on a firm's value following the public issuance of convertibles, details on when an issuer should call a convertible and the impact of these provisions on the price, the difficult requirement of input data to make sense of the models, indexes and reset convertibles. Finally, a highly useful glossary is provided of all the key terms used in this field. An analytical CD is also provided with the book, containing sample software of ConvB++. ConvB++ combines complex state of the art models with a simple, user friendly interface to assess fair values prices and to hedge parameters of hybrid instruments. The Handbook of Hybrid Instruments is an indispensable explanatory and analytical tool for all professionals looking for the latest thinking on convertibles from some of the world's leading experts.

Download or read book Are They Still Called Late The Effect of Notice Period on Calls of Convertible Bonds written by Alexander W. Butler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notice period given to convertible bondholders affects the optimal call policy for convertible bonds. After accounting for the notice period, convertible bonds in our sample would have been optimally called when the stock was at about an 11% premium (median) relative to the conversion price. We find that convertible bonds are, on average, not called later than optimal. The average (median) excess call premium is only 2.65% (1.71%) for those bonds without binding call protection. These values are statistically indistinguishable from zero and are substantially less than the 26%-44% call premium found by previous researchers.